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  1. This study examined the effectiveness of seven different interventions designed to increase the proportion of general practitioners (GPs) accepting an offer of free access to an online evidence-based resource.

    Authors: Heather Buchan, Emma Lourey, Catherine D'Este and Rob Sanson-Fisher
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:68
  2. Change management experts have emphasized the importance of establishing organizational readiness for change and recommended various strategies for creating it. Although the advice seems reasonable, the scient...

    Authors: Bryan J Weiner
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:67
  3. Despite the effectiveness of brief lifestyle intervention delivered in primary healthcare (PHC), implementation in routine practice remains suboptimal. Beliefs and attitudes have been shown to be associated wi...

    Authors: Rachel A Laws, Lynn A Kemp, Mark F Harris, Gawaine Powell Davies, Anna M Williams and Rosslyn Eames-Brown
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:66
  4. Despite recent research supporting the use of metered dose inhalers with spacer devices (MDI/spacers) in pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) for acute exacerbations of asthma, uptake of this practice has be...

    Authors: Shannon D Scott, Martin H Osmond, Kathy A O'Leary, Ian D Graham, Jeremy Grimshaw and Terry Klassen
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:65
  5. Collaborative care models for depression in primary care are effective and cost-effective, but difficult to spread to new sites. Translating Initiatives for Depression into Effective Solutions (TIDES) is an in...

    Authors: Jeff Luck, Fred Hagigi, Louise E Parker, Elizabeth M Yano, Lisa V Rubenstein and JoAnn E Kirchner
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:64
  6. In this article, we describe the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Community Cancer Centers Program (NCCCP) pilot and the evaluation designed to assess its role, function, and relevance to the NCI's research mis...

    Authors: Steven B Clauser, Maureen R Johnson, Donna M O'Brien, Joy M Beveridge, Mary L Fennell and Arnold D Kaluzny
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:63
  7. Health information technology and electronic medical records (EMRs) are potentially powerful systems-based interventions to facilitate diagnosis and treatment because they ensure the delivery of key new findin...

    Authors: Sylvia J Hysong, Mona K Sawhney, Lindsey Wilson, Dean F Sittig, Adol Esquivel, Monica Watford, Traber Davis, Donna Espadas and Hardeep Singh
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:62
  8. Significant resources and time are invested in the production of research knowledge. The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of three knowledge translation a...

    Authors: Maureen Dobbins, Steven E Hanna, Donna Ciliska, Steve Manske, Roy Cameron, Shawna L Mercer, Linda O'Mara, Kara DeCorby and Paula Robeson
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:61
  9. Approximately one-quarter of all Canadian children will seek emergency care in any given year, with the two most common medical problems affecting children in the emergency department (ED) being acute respirat...

    Authors: Shannon Scott, Lisa Hartling, Jeremy Grimshaw, David Johnson, Martin Osmond, Amy Plint, Rollin Brant, Jamie C Brehaut, Ian D Graham, Gillian Currie, Nicola Shaw, Maala Bhatt, Tim Lynch, Liza Bialy and Terry Klassen
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:60
  10. Teaching the content of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) is important to both clinical care and graduate medical education. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of curricula for ...

    Authors: Elie A Akl, Reem Mustafa, Mark C Wilson, Andrew Symons, Amir Moheet, Thomas Rosenthal, Gordon H Guyatt and Holger J Schünemann
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:59
  11. Although most hospitalized smokers receive some form of cessation counseling during hospitalization, few receive outpatient cessation counseling and/or pharmacotherapy following discharge, which are key factor...

    Authors: David Katz, Mark Vander Weg, Steve Fu, Allan Prochazka, Kathleen Grant, Lynne Buchanan, David Tinkelman, Heather Schacht Reisinger, John Brooks, Stephen L Hillis, Anne Joseph and Marita Titler
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:58
  12. Uptake of interventions to improve quality of care by clinicians is variable and is influenced by clinicians' attitudes. The influence of clinicians' experience with an intervention on their preference for ado...

    Authors: Jochen WL Cals, Christopher C Butler and Geert-Jan Dinant
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:57
  13. While a number of preventive interventions delivered within schools have shown both short-term and long-term impact in epidemiologically based randomized field trials, programs are not often sustained with hig...

    Authors: Jeanne Poduska, Sheppard Kellam, C Hendricks Brown, Carla Ford, Amy Windham, Natalie Keegan and Wei Wang
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:56
  14. Research funders, educators, investigators and decision makers worldwide have identified the need to improve the quality of health care by building capacity for knowledge translation (KT) research and practice...

    Authors: Anna R Gagliardi, Laure Perrier, Fiona Webster, Karen Leslie, Mary Bell, Wendy Levinson, Ori Rotstein, Ann Tourangeau, Laurie Morrison, Ivan L Silver and Sharon E Straus
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:55
  15. Despite wide distribution and promotion of clinical practice guidelines, adherence among Dutch general practitioners (GPs) is not optimal. To improve adherence to guidelines, an analysis of barriers to impleme...

    Authors: Marjolein Lugtenberg, Judith M Zegers-van Schaick, Gert P Westert and Jako S Burgers
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:54
  16. The organizational context in which healthcare is delivered is thought to play an important role in mediating the use of knowledge in practice. Additionally, a number of potentially modifiable contextual facto...

    Authors: Jo Rycroft-Malone, Sue Dopson, Lesley Degner, Alison M Hutchinson, Debra Morgan, Norma Stewart and Carole A Estabrooks
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:53
  17. While there is a growing awareness of the importance of organizational context (or the work environment/setting) to successful knowledge translation, and successful knowledge translation to better patient, pro...

    Authors: Carole A Estabrooks, Janet E Squires, Greta G Cummings, Gary F Teare and Peter G Norton
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:52
  18. The knowledge translation field is undermined by two interrelated gaps – underdevelopment of the science and limited use of research in health services and health systems decision making. The importance of con...

    Authors: Carole A Estabrooks, Alison M Hutchinson, Janet E Squires, Judy Birdsell, Greta G Cummings, Lesley Degner, Debra Morgan and Peter G Norton
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:51
  19. Many interventions found to be effective in health services research studies fail to translate into meaningful patient care outcomes across multiple contexts. Health services researchers recognize the need to ...

    Authors: Laura J Damschroder, David C Aron, Rosalind E Keith, Susan R Kirsh, Jeffery A Alexander and Julie C Lowery
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:50
  20. Despite the growing availability of clinical practice guidelines since the early 1990's, little is known about how guideline development and dissemination may have changed over time in Canada. This study compa...

    Authors: Jennifer Kryworuchko, Dawn Stacey, Nan Bai and Ian D Graham
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:49
  21. Multidisciplinary guideline development groups (GDGs) have considerable influence on UK healthcare policy and practice, but previous research suggests that research evidence is a variable influence on GDG reco...

    Authors: Benjamin Gardner, Rosemary Davidson, John McAteer and Susan Michie
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:48
  22. Promoting physical activity and healthy eating habits by structural measures that reach most children in a society is presumably the most sustainable way of preventing development of overweight and obesity in ...

    Authors: Karin Guldbrandsson, Karin Modig Wennerstad and Finn Rasmussen
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:47
  23. 'Is research working for you? A self-assessment tool and discussion guide for health services management and policy organizations', developed by the Canadian Health Services Research Foundation, is a tool that...

    Authors: Anita Kothari, Nancy Edwards, Nadia Hamel and Maria Judd
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:46
  24. We have conducted an intervention study aiming to improve hospital care for children and newborns in Kenya. In judging whether an intervention achieves its aims, an understanding of how it is delivered is esse...

    Authors: Jacinta Nzinga, Stephen Ntoburi, John Wagai, Patrick Mbindyo, Lairumbi Mbaabu, Santau Migiro, Annah Wamae, Grace Irimu and Mike English
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:45
  25. Although considerable efforts are directed at developing international guidelines to improve clinical management in low-income settings they appear to influence practice rarely. This study aimed to explore bar...

    Authors: Jacinta Nzinga, Patrick Mbindyo, Lairumbi Mbaabu, Ann Warira and Mike English
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:44
  26. It is increasingly appreciated that the interpretation of health systems research studies is greatly facilitated by detailed descriptions of study context and the process of intervention. We have undertaken an...

    Authors: Mike English, Stephen Ntoburi, John Wagai, Patrick Mbindyo, Newton Opiyo, Philip Ayieko, Charles Opondo, Santau Migiro, Annah Wamae and Grace Irimu
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:42
  27. To evaluate the barriers and facilitators to high-quality diabetes care as experienced by general practitioners (GPs) who participated in an 18-month quality improvement program (QIP). This QIP was implemented...

    Authors: Geert Goderis, Liesbeth Borgermans, Chantal Mathieu, Carine Van Den Broeke, Karen Hannes, Jan Heyrman and Richard Grol
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:41
  28. Complex behaviour change interventions are not well described; when they are described, the terminology used is inconsistent. This constrains scientific replication, and limits the subsequent introduction of s...

    Authors: Susan Michie, Dean Fixsen, Jeremy M Grimshaw and Martin P Eccles
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:40
  29. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a relatively newly recognised but common long-term condition affecting 5 to 10% of the population. Effective management of CKD, with emphasis on strict blood pressure (BP) contr...

    Authors: Simon de Lusignan, Hugh Gallagher, Tom Chan, Nicki Thomas, Jeremy van Vlymen, Michael Nation, Neerja Jain, Aumran Tahir, Elizabeth du Bois, Iain Crinson, Nigel Hague, Fiona Reid and Kevin Harris
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:39
  30. The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services, or PARIHS, framework is a theoretical framework widely promoted as a guide to implement evidence-based clinical practices. However, it has as...

    Authors: Christian D Helfrich, Yu-Fang Li, Nancy D Sharp and Anne E Sales
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:38
  31. Accurate measures of health professionals' clinical practice are critically important to guide health policy decisions, as well as for professional self-evaluation and for research-based investigation of clini...

    Authors: Susan Hrisos, Martin P Eccles, Jill J Francis, Heather O Dickinson, Eileen FS Kaner, Fiona Beyer and Marie Johnston
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:37
  32. Practice guidelines can improve health care delivery and outcomes but several issues challenge guideline adoption, including their intrinsic attributes, and whether and how they are implemented. It appears tha...

    Authors: Anna R Gagliardi, Melissa C Brouwers, Valerie A Palda, Louise Lemieux-Charles and Jeremy M Grimshaw
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:36
  33. U.S. healthcare organizations are confronted with numerous and varied transformational strategies promising improvements along all dimensions of quality and performance. This article examines the peer-reviewed...

    Authors: Joshua R Vest and Larry D Gamm
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:35
  34. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can improve clinical care but uptake and application are inconsistent. Objectives were: to examine temporal trends in clinicians' evaluations of, endorsements of, and intent...

    Authors: Melissa Brouwers, Steven Hanna, Mona Abdel-Motagally and Jennifer Yee
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:34
  35. Funding the education and training of the next generation of health researchers is a key mandate of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) knowledge translation (KT) portfolio. The field of KT is gr...

    Authors: Michelle E Kho, Elizabeth A Estey, Ryan T DeForge, Leanne Mak and Brandi L Bell
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:33
  36. Rigorous evaluation of an intervention requires that its allocation be unbiased with respect to confounders; this is especially difficult in complex, system-wide healthcare interventions. We developed a short ...

    Authors: Chad Andrew Leaver, Astrid Guttmann, Merrick Zwarenstein, Brian H Rowe, Geoff Anderson, Therese Stukel, Brian Golden, Robert Bell, Dante Morra, Howard Abrams and Michael J Schull
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:32
  37. Guidance on the cleaning of dental instruments in primary care has recently been published. The aims of this study are to determine if the publication of the guidance document was enough to influence decontami...

    Authors: Debbie Bonetti, Linda Young, Irene Black, Heather Cassie, Craig R Ramsay and Jan Clarkson
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:31
  38. Failure to reconcile patient preferences and values as well as social norms with clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) recommendations may hamper their implementation in clinical practice. However, little is kno...

    Authors: France Légaré, Antoine Boivin, Trudy van der Weijden, Christine Packenham, Sylvie Tapp and Jako Burgers
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:30
  39. Theories are important tools in the social and natural sciences. The methods by which they are derived are rarely described and discussed. Normalization Process Theory explains how new technologies, ways of ac...

    Authors: Carl R May, Frances Mair, Tracy Finch, Anne MacFarlane, Christopher Dowrick, Shaun Treweek, Tim Rapley, Luciana Ballini, Bie Nio Ong, Anne Rogers, Elizabeth Murray, Glyn Elwyn, France Légaré, Jane Gunn and Victor M Montori
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:29
  40. Given the current emphasis on networks as vehicles for innovation and change in health service delivery, the ability to conceptualise and measure organisational enablers for the social construction of knowledg...

    Authors: Beverley French, Lois H Thomas, Paula Baker, Christopher R Burton, Lindsay Pennington and Hazel Roddam
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:28
  41. Since being identified as a concept for understanding knowledge sharing, management, and creation, communities of practice (CoPs) have become increasingly popular within the health sector. The CoP concept has ...

    Authors: Linda C Li, Jeremy M Grimshaw, Camilla Nielsen, Maria Judd, Peter C Coyte and Ian D Graham
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:27
  42. As an inherently human process fraught with subjectivity, dynamic interaction, and change, social interaction knowledge translation (KT) invites implementation scientists to explore what might be learned from ...

    Authors: Carol L McWilliam, Anita Kothari, Catherine Ward-Griffin, Dorothy Forbes and Beverly Leipert
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:26
  43. Despite decades of efforts to improve quality of health care, poor performance persists in many aspects of care. Less than 1% of the enormous national investment in medical research is focused on improving hea...

    Authors: Elizabeth H Bradley, Leslie A Curry, Shoba Ramanadhan, Laura Rowe, Ingrid M Nembhard and Harlan M Krumholz
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:25
  44. Within implementation research, using theory-based approaches to understanding the behaviours of healthcare professionals and the quality of care that they reflect and designing interventions to change them is...

    Authors: Martin P Eccles, Susan Hrisos, Jillian J Francis, Nick Steen, Marije Bosch and Marie Johnston
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:24
  45. A knowledge broker (KB) is a popular knowledge translation and exchange (KTE) strategy emerging in Canada to promote interaction between researchers and end users, as well as to develop capacity for evidence-i...

    Authors: Maureen Dobbins, Paula Robeson, Donna Ciliska, Steve Hanna, Roy Cameron, Linda O'Mara, Kara DeCorby and Shawna Mercer
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:23
  46. Type 2 diabetes is an increasingly prevalent chronic illness and is an important cause of avoidable mortality. Patients are managed by the integrated activities of clinical and non-clinical members of the prim...

    Authors: Martin P Eccles, Gillian Hawthorne, Marie Johnston, Margaret Hunter, Nick Steen, Jill Francis, Susan Hrisos, Marko Elovainio and Jeremy M Grimshaw
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:22
  47. In order to increase the chances of success in new interventions in healthcare, it is generally recommended to tailor the intervention to the target setting and the target professionals. Nonetheless, pre-inter...

    Authors: Isabelle Vedel, Matthieu De Stampa, Howard Bergman, Joel Ankri, Bernard Cassou, François Blanchard and Liette Lapointe
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:21
  48. In Canada, federal, provincial, and territorial governments are developing an ambitious project to implement an interoperable electronic health record (EHR). Benefits for patients, healthcare professionals, or...

    Authors: Marie-Pierre Gagnon, Nicola Shaw, Claude Sicotte, Luc Mathieu, Yvan Leduc, Julie Duplantie, James Maclean and France Légaré
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:20
  49. In October 2006, the Chief Medical Officer (CMO) of England asked Professor Sir John Tooke to chair a High Level Group on Clinical Effectiveness in response to the chapter 'Waste not, want not' in the CMOs 200...

    Authors: Martin P Eccles, David Armstrong, Richard Baker, Kevin Cleary, Huw Davies, Stephen Davies, Paul Glasziou, Irene Ilott, Ann-Louise Kinmonth, Gillian Leng, Stuart Logan, Theresa Marteau, Susan Michie, Hugh Rogers, Jo Rycroft-Malone and Bonnie Sibbald
    Citation: Implementation Science 2009 4:18

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