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  1. Using frameworks such as the Behaviour Change Wheel to develop behaviour change interventions can be challenging because judgement is needed at various points in the process and it is not always clear how unce...

    Authors: Cintia L. Faija, Judith Gellatly, Michael Barkham, Karina Lovell, Kelly Rushton, Charlotte Welsh, Helen Brooks, Kerry Ardern, Penny Bee and Christopher J. Armitage

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:53

    Content type: Methodology

    Published on:

  3. Conversation aids can facilitate shared decision-making and improve patient-centered outcomes. However, few examples exist of sustained use of conversation aids in routine care due to numerous barriers at clin...

    Authors: Danielle Schubbe, Renata W. Yen, Catherine H. Saunders, Glyn Elwyn, Rachel C. Forcino, A. James O’Malley, Mary C. Politi, Julie Margenthaler, Robert J. Volk, Karen Sepucha, Elissa Ozanne, Sanja Percac-Lima, Ann Bradley, Courtney Goodwin, Maria van den Muijsenbergh, Johanna W. M. Aarts…

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:51

    Content type: Research

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  4. COVID-19 has presented challenges to healthcare systems and healthcare professionals internationally. After one year of the pandemic, the initial evidence on health system responses begins to consolidate, and ...

    Authors: Simon Turner, Natalia Botero-Tovar, Maria Alejandra Herrera, Juan Pablo Borda Kuhlmann, Francisco Ortiz, Jean Carlo Ramírez and Luisa Fernanda Maldonado

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:50

    Content type: Systematic review

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  5. Together, We Inspire Smart Eating (WISE) is an intervention for the early care and education setting to support children’s exposure to and intake of fruits and vegetables. WISE emphasizes 4 evidence-based prac...

    Authors: Taren Swindle, Nicole M. McBride, James P. Selig, Susan L. Johnson, Leanne Whiteside-Mansell, Janna Martin, Audra Staley and Geoffrey M. Curran

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:48

    Content type: Research

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  7. Behavioural medicine is characterised by findings for the effectiveness and efficacy of complex behaviour change interventions. Comparatively, scant attention has been paid to key intervention components or me...

    Authors: Alison K. Beck, Amanda L. Baker, Gregory Carter, Laura Robinson, Kristen McCarter, Christopher Wratten, Judith Bauer, Luke Wolfenden and Benjamin Britton

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:46

    Content type: Research

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  8. Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) result in approximately 28,000 deaths and approximately $2.3 billion in added costs to the U.S. healthcare system each year, and yet, many of these infe...

    Authors: Staci S. Reynolds, Patricia Woltz, Edward Keating, Janice Neff, Jennifer Elliott, Daniel Hatch, Qing Yang and Bradi B. Granger

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:45

    Content type: Research

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  9. Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is a clinical intervention used to address alcohol and illicit drug use. SBIRT use has resulted in positive health and social outcomes; however,...

    Authors: Alyson Keen, Kelli Thoele, Ukamaka Oruche and Robin Newhouse

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:44

    Content type: Short report

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  11. Guidelines recommend both acetylsalicylic acid and ticagrelor following acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but appropriate prescription practices lag. We analyzed the impact of government medication approval, nati...

    Authors: Saurabh Gupta, Emilie P. Belley-Cote, Adam Eqbal, Charlotte McEwen, Ameen Basha, Nicole Wu, Joshua O. Cerasuolo, Shamir Mehta, Jon-David Schwalm and Richard P. Whitlock

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:42

    Content type: Research

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  12. Safer conception counseling (SCC) to promote the use of safer conception methods (SCM) is not yet part of routine family planning or HIV care. Guidelines for the use of SCM have been published, but to date the...

    Authors: Glenn J. Wagner, Rhoda K. Wanyenze, Jolly Beyeza-Kashesya, Violet Gwokyalya, Emily Hurley, Deborah Mindry, Sarah Finocchario-Kessler, Mastula Nanfuka, Mahlet G. Tebeka, Uzaib Saya, Marika Booth, Bonnie Ghosh-Dastidar, Sebastian Linnemayr, Vincent S. Staggs and Kathy Goggin

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:41

    Content type: Research

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  13. Numerous implementation strategies to improve utilization of statins in patients with hypercholesterolemia have been utilized, with varying degrees of success. The aim of this systematic review is to determine...

    Authors: Laney K. Jones, Stephanie Tilberry, Christina Gregor, Lauren H. Yaeger, Yirui Hu, Amy C. Sturm, Terry L. Seaton, Thomas J. Waltz, Alanna K. Rahm, Anne Goldberg, Ross C. Brownson, Samuel S. Gidding, Marc S. Williams and Michael R. Gionfriddo

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:40

    Content type: Systematic review

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  14. Maternal immunization is a key strategy for reducing morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases in mothers and their newborns. Recent developments in the science and safety of maternal vaccina...

    Authors: Nancy A. Otieno, Fauzia A. Malik, Stacy W. Nganga, Winnie N. Wairimu, Dominic O. Ouma, Godfrey M. Bigogo, Sandra S. Chaves, Jennifer R. Verani, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Andrew D. Wilson, Irina Bergenfeld, Ines Gonzalez-Casanova and Saad B. Omer

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:39

    Content type: Research

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  15. The National Chest Pain Center Accreditation Program (CHANGE) is the first hospital-based, multifaceted, nationwide quality improvement (QI) initiative, to monitor and improve the quality of the ST segment ele...

    Authors: Shuduo Zhou, Xuejie Dong, Fangjing Liu, Yan Zhang, Dahai Yue, Qiang Zhou, Yinzi Jin and Zhi-Jie Zheng

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:38

    Content type: Study protocol

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  16. Middle-level managers (MLMs; i.e., healthcare professionals who may fill roles including obtaining and diffusing information, adapting information and the intervention, mediating between strategy and day-to-da...

    Authors: Sarah A. Birken and Graeme Currie

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:37

    Content type: Commentary

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    The Correction to this article has been published in Implementation Science 2021 16:43

  17. Implementation strategies are necessary to ensure that evidence-based practices are successfully incorporated into routine clinical practice. Such strategies, however, are frequently modified to fit local popu...

    Authors: Christopher J. Miller, Miya L. Barnett, Ana A. Baumann, Cassidy A. Gutner and Shannon Wiltsey-Stirman

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:36

    Content type: Debate

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  18. Audit and feedback (A&F) is a widely used implementation strategy. Understanding mechanisms of action of A&F increases the likelihood that the strategy will lead to implementation of an evidence-based practice...

    Authors: Mellanie V. Springer, Anne E. Sales, Nishat Islam, A. Camille McBride, Zach Landis-Lewis, Michael Tupper, Casey L. Corches, Maria Cielito Robles and Lesli E. Skolarus

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:35

    Content type: Research

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  19. Bridging factors are relational ties, formal arrangements, and processes that connect outer system and inner organizational contexts. They may be critical drivers of evidence-based practice (EBP) implementatio...

    Authors: Rebecca Lengnick-Hall, Nicole A. Stadnick, Kelsey S. Dickson, Joanna C. Moullin and Gregory A. Aarons

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:34

    Content type: Debate

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  20. Practice facilitation is a multicomponent implementation strategy used to improve the capacity for practices to address care quality and implementation gaps. We sought to assess whether practice facilitators u...

    Authors: Theresa L. Walunas, Jiancheng Ye, Jennifer Bannon, Ann Wang, Abel N. Kho, Justin D. Smith and Nicholas Soulakis

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:33

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  21. Antimicrobial resistance is an increasingly serious threat to global public health and patient safety. Overuse of antibiotics has aggravated this issue. Around 7% of all antibiotics in Scotland are prescribed ...

    Authors: Beatriz Goulao, Claire Scott, Irene Black, Jan Clarkson, Lee McArthur, Craig Ramsay, Linda Young and Eilidh Duncan

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:32

    Content type: Study protocol

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  22. The criminal justice system is the largest provider of mental health services in the USA. Many jurisdictions are interested in reducing the use of the justice system for mental health problems. The national St...

    Authors: Jennifer E. Johnson, Jill Viglione, Niloofar Ramezani, Alison E. Cuellar, Maji Hailemariam, Rochelle Rosen, Alex Breno and Faye S. Taxman

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:31

    Content type: Study protocol

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  23. Knowledge brokering is a knowledge translation approach that has been gaining popularity in Canada although the effectiveness is unknown. This study evaluated the effectiveness of generalised, exclusively emai...

    Authors: Nadia Minian, Sheleza Ahad, Anna Ivanova, Scott Veldhuizen, Laurie Zawertailo, Arun Ravindran, Claire de Oliveira, Dolly Baliunas, Carol Mulder, Corneliu Bolbocean and Peter Selby

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:30

    Content type: Research

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  24. Antibiotic-resistant infections have become a public health crisis that is driven by the inappropriate use of antibiotics. In the USA, antibiotic stewardship programs (ASP) have been established and are requir...

    Authors: Sara Malone, Virginia R. McKay, Christina Krucylak, Byron J. Powell, Jingxia Liu, Cindy Terrill, Jacqueline M. Saito, Shawn J. Rangel and Jason G. Newland

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:29

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  25. There is growing urgency to tackle issues of equity and justice in the USA and worldwide. Health equity, a framing that moves away from a deficit mindset of what society is doing poorly (disparities) to one th...

    Authors: Ross C. Brownson, Shiriki K. Kumanyika, Matthew W. Kreuter and Debra Haire-Joshu

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:28

    Content type: Debate

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  26. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Aaron M. Woolsey, Ryan A. Simmons, Meley Woldeghebriel, Yunji Zhou, Oluwatosin Ogunsola, Sarah Laing, Tayo Olaleye, Joseph Kipkoech, Bomar Mendez Rojas, Indrani Saran, Mercy Odhiambo, Josephine Malinga, George Ambani, Emmah Kimachas, Chizoba Fashanu, Owens Wiwa…

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:27

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in Implementation Science 2021 16:14

  27. This study is a systematic literature review of cost analyses conducted within implementation studies on behavioral health services. Cost analysis of implementing evidence-based practices (EBP) has become impo...

    Authors: Diana M. Bowser, Brandy F. Henry and Kathryn E. McCollister

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:26

    Content type: Systematic review

    Published on:

  28. Virtual Learning Collaboratives (VLC), learning communities focused on a common purpose, are used frequently in healthcare settings to implement best practices. Yet, there is limited research testing the effec...

    Authors: Lisa Zubkoff, Kathleen Doyle Lyons, J. Nicholas Dionne-Odom, Gregory Hagley, Maria Pisu, Andres Azuero, Marie Flannery, Richard Taylor, Elizabeth Carpenter-Song, Supriya Mohile and Marie Anne Bakitas

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:25

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  29. Calls have been made for greater application of the decision sciences to investigate and improve use of research evidence in mental health policy and practice. This article proposes a novel method, “decision s...

    Authors: Thomas I. Mackie, Ana J. Schaefer, Justeen K. Hyde, Laurel K. Leslie, Emily A. Bosk, Brittany Fishman and R. Christopher Sheldrick

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:24

    Content type: Methodology

    Published on:

  30. Cigarette smoking in people with cancer is associated with negative treatment-related outcomes including increased treatment toxicity and complications, medication side effects, decreased performance status an...

    Authors: Christine L. Paul, Graham Warren, Shalini Vinod, Bettina Meiser, Emily Stone, Daniel Barker, Kate White, James McLennan, Fiona Day, Kristen McCarter, Melissa McEnallay, Jordan Tait, Karen Canfell, Marianne Weber and Catherine Segan

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:23

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  31. There is a paucity of translational research programmes to improve implementation of evidence-based care in drug and alcohol settings. This systematic review aimed to provide a synthesis and evaluation of the ...

    Authors: Eva Louie, Emma L. Barrett, Andrew Baillie, Paul Haber and Kirsten C. Morley

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:22

    Content type: Systematic review

    Published on:

  32. Care transitions of older persons between multiple care settings are frequently hampered by various issues such as discontinuous care delivery or poor information transfer among healthcare providers. Therefore...

    Authors: Amal Fakha, Lindsay Groenvynck, Bram de Boer, Theo van Achterberg, Jan Hamers and Hilde Verbeek

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:21

    Content type: Systematic review

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  33. Decreasing ineffective or harmful healthcare practices (de-implementation) may require different approaches than those used to promote uptake of effective practices (implementation). Few psychological theories...

    Authors: Andrea M. Patey, Jeremy M. Grimshaw and Jill J. Francis

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:20

    Content type: Research

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  34. Audit and feedback (A&F) often successfully enhances health professionals’ intentions to improve quality of care but does not consistently lead to practice changes. Recipients often cite data credibility and l...

    Authors: Laura Desveaux, Noah Michael Ivers, Kim Devotta, Noor Ramji, Karen Weyman and Tara Kiran

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:19

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  35. The fields of implementation science and knowledge translation have evolved somewhat independently from the field of policy implementation research, despite calls for better integration. As a result, implement...

    Authors: Heather L. Bullock, John N. Lavis, Michael G. Wilson, Gillian Mulvale and Ashleigh Miatello

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:18

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  36. The application of economic analysis within implementation science is still developing and the cost of intervention development, which differs markedly from the costs of initial implementation and maintenance,...

    Authors: Susan Ahern, Fiona Riordan, Aileen Murphy, John Browne, Patricia M. Kearney, Susan M. Smith and Sheena M. McHugh

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:17

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  37. Despite wide recognition that clinical care should be informed by the best available evidence, this does not always occur. Despite a myriad of theories, models and frameworks to promote evidence-based populati...

    Authors: Ann Dadich, Annika Piper and Dominiek Coates

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:16

    Content type: Systematic review

    Published on:

  38. Like in many settings, implementation of evidence-based practices often fall short in pediatric intensive care units (PICU). Very few prior studies have applied implementation science frameworks to understand ...

    Authors: Katherine M. Steffen, Laura M. Holdsworth, Mackenzie A. Ford, Grace M. Lee, Steven M. Asch and Enola K. Proctor

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:15

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  39. A large proportion of artemisinin-combination therapy (ACT) anti-malarial medicines is consumed by individuals that do not have malaria. The over-consumption of ACTs is largely driven by retail sales in high m...

    Authors: Aaron M. Woolsey, Ryan A. Simmons, Meley Woldeghebriel, Yunji Zhou, Oluwatosin Ogunsola, Sarah Laing, Tayo Olaleye, Joseph Kipkoech, Bomar Mendez Rojas, Indrani Saran, Mercy Odhiambo, Josephine Malinga, George Ambani, Emmah Kimachas, Chizoba Fashanu, Owens Wiwa…

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:14

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Implementation Science 2021 16:27

  40. Research use in policymaking is multi-faceted and has been the focus of extensive study. However, virtually no quantitative studies have examined whether the determinants of research use vary according to the ...

    Authors: Jonathan Purtle, Katherine L. Nelson, Sarah Mc Cue Horwitz, Mary M. McKay and Kimberly E. Hoagwood

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:13

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  41. Family planning (FP) can lengthen birth intervals and potentially reduce the risk of foetal death, low birthweight, prematurity, and being small for gestational age. Effective FP is most easily achieved throug...

    Authors: Jayne Webster, Shari Krishnaratne, Jenna Hoyt, Shiferaw Dechasa Demissie, Nathaly Spilotros, Justine Landegger, Misozi Kambanje, Shannon Pryor, Easterlina Moseti, Seth Marcus, Marius Gnintoungbe, Dora Curry and Jessie K. Hamon

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:12

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  42. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Rebecca Garr Whitaker, Nina Sperber, Michael Baumgartner, Alrik Thiem, Deborah Cragun, Laura Damschroder, Edward J. Miech, Alecia Slade and Sarah Birken

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:11

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in Implementation Science 2020 15:108

  43. Public or patient versions of guidelines (PVGs) are derivative documents that “translate” recommendations and their rationale from clinical guidelines for health professionals into a more easily understandable...

    Authors: Xiaoqin Wang, Yaolong Chen, Elie A. Akl, Ružica Tokalić, Ana Marušić, Amir Qaseem, Yngve Falck-Ytter, Myeong Soo Lee, Madelin Siedler, Sarah L. Barber, Mingming Zhang, Edwin S. Y. Chan, Janne Estill, Joey S. W. Kwong, Akiko Okumura, Qi Zhou…

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:10

    Content type: Methodology

    Published on:

  44. The prescribing of high-risk medications to older adults remains extremely common and results in potentially avoidable health consequences. Efforts to reduce prescribing have had limited success, in part becau...

    Authors: Julie C. Lauffenburger, Thomas Isaac, Lorenzo Trippa, Punam Keller, Ted Robertson, Robert J. Glynn, Thomas D. Sequist, Dae H. Kim, Constance P. Fontanet, Edward W. B. Castonguay, Nancy Haff, Renee A. Barlev, Mufaddal Mahesri, Chandrashekar Gopalakrishnan and Niteesh K. Choudhry

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:9

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  45. Healthcare workers perform clinical behaviours which impact on patient diagnoses, care, treatment and recovery. Some methods of supporting healthcare workers in changing their behaviour make use of social norm...

    Authors: Mei Yee Tang, Sarah Rhodes, Rachael Powell, Laura McGowan, Elizabeth Howarth, Benjamin Brown and Sarah Cotterill

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:8

    Content type: Systematic review

    Published on:

  46. First articulated by Schwartz and Lellouch (1967), randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can be conceptualized along a continuum from more explanatory to more pragmatic. The purpose and intent of the former is t...

    Authors: Wynne E. Norton, Kirsty Loudon, David A. Chambers and Merrick Zwarenstein

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:7

    Content type: Debate

    Published on:

  47. Alcohol is a leading risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease. Several national and international agencies recommend that screening and brief interventions (SBI) should be routinely delivered i...

    Authors: Frederico Rosário, Maria Inês Santos, Kathryn Angus, Leo Pas, Cristina Ribeiro and Niamh Fitzgerald

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:6

    Content type: Systematic review

    Published on:

  48. The misuse of and addiction to opioids is a national crisis that affects public health as well as social and economic welfare. There is an urgent need for strategies to improve opioid use disorder treatment qu...

    Authors: Megan A. O’Grady, Patricia Lincourt, Belinda Greenfield, Marc W. Manseau, Shazia Hussain, Kamala Greene Genece and Charles J. Neighbors

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:5

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  49. More than two-thirds of youth experience trauma during childhood, and up to 1 in 5 of these youth develops posttraumatic stress symptoms that significantly impair their functioning. Although trauma-focused cog...

    Authors: Aaron R. Lyon, Michael D. Pullmann, Shannon Dorsey, Carol Levin, Larissa M. Gaias, Stephanie K. Brewer, Madeline Larson, Catherine M. Corbin, Chayna Davis, Ian Muse, Mahima Joshi, Rosemary Reyes, Nathaniel J. Jungbluth, Rachel Barrett, David Hong, Michael D. Gomez…

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:3

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  50. Thirty-three US states and Washington, D.C., have enacted medical cannabis laws allowing patients with chronic non-cancer pain to use cannabis, when recommended by a physician, to manage their condition. Howev...

    Authors: Emma E. McGinty, Kayla N. Tormohlen, Colleen L. Barry, Mark C. Bicket, Lainie Rutkow and Elizabeth A. Stuart

    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:2

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

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Implementation Science

ISSN: 1748-5908