Articles

Cost data in implementation science: categories and approaches to costing

A lack of cost information has been cited as a barrier to implementation and a limitation of implementation research. This paper explains how implementation researchers might optimize their measurement and inc...

Authors: Heather T. Gold, Cara McDermott, Ties Hoomans and Todd H. Wagner

Implementability of healthcare interventions: an overview of reviews and development of a conceptual framework

Implementation research may play an important role in reducing research waste by identifying strategies that support translation of evidence into practice. Implementation of healthcare interventions is influen...

Authors: Marlena Klaic, Suzanne Kapp, Peter Hudson, Wendy Chapman, Linda Denehy, David Story and Jill J. Francis

Explaining variable effects of an adaptable implementation package to promote evidence-based practice in primary care: a longitudinal process evaluation

Implementing evidence-based recommendations is challenging in UK primary care, especially given system pressures and multiple guideline recommendations competing for attention. Implementation packages that can...

Authors: Liz Glidewell, Cheryl Hunter, Vicky Ward, Rosemary R. C. McEachan, Rebecca Lawton, Thomas A. Willis, Suzanne Hartley, Michelle Collinson, Michael Holland, Amanda J. Farrin and Robbie Foy

Correction to: Implementation of innovative medical technologies in German inpatient care: patterns of utilization and evidence development

Authors: Marie Dreger, Helene Eckhardt, Susanne Felgner, Hanna Ermann, Hendrikje Lantzsch, Tanja Rombey, Reinhard Busse, Cornelia Henschke and Dimitra Panteli

Conceptualizing outcomes for use with the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR): the CFIR Outcomes Addendum

The challenges of implementing evidence-based innovations (EBIs) are widely recognized among practitioners and researchers. Context, broadly defined as everything outside the EBI, includes the dynamic and dive...

Authors: Laura J. Damschroder, Caitlin M. Reardon, Marilla A. Opra Widerquist and Julie Lowery

Using theories and frameworks to understand how to reduce low-value healthcare: a scoping review

There is recognition that the overuse of procedures, testing, and medications constitutes low-value care which strains the healthcare system and, in some circumstances, can cause unnecessary stress and harm fo...

Authors: Gillian Parker, Nida Shahid, Tim Rappon, Monika Kastner, Karen Born and Whitney Berta

Scale-up of prevention programmes: sustained state-wide use of programme delivery software is explained by normalised self-organised adoption and non-adoption

Population-level health promotion is often conceived as a tension between “top-down” and “bottom-up” strategy and action. We report behind-the-scenes insights from Australia’s largest ever investment in the “t...

Authors: Eileen Goldberg, Kathleen Conte, Victoria Loblay, Sisse Groen, Lina Persson, Christine Innes-Hughes, Jo Mitchell, Andrew Milat, Mandy Williams, Amanda Green and Penelope Hawe

Barriers and facilitators to implementation of evidence-based task-sharing mental health interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review using implementation science frameworks

Task-sharing is a promising strategy to expand mental healthcare in low-resource settings, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Research on how to best implement task-sharing mental health i...

Authors: PhuongThao D. Le, Evan L. Eschliman, Margaux M. Grivel, Jeffrey Tang, Young G. Cho, Xinyu Yang, Charisse Tay, Tingyu Li, Judith Bass and Lawrence H. Yang

Translating Medicaid policy into practice: policy implementation strategies from three US states’ experiences enhancing substance use disorder treatment

Despite the important upstream impact policy has on population health outcomes, few studies in implementation science in health have examined implementation processes and strategies used to translate state and...

Authors: Erika L. Crable, Allyn Benintendi, David K. Jones, Alexander Y. Walley, Jacqueline Milton Hicks and Mari-Lynn Drainoni

Meta-review of implementation determinants for policies promoting healthy diet and physically active lifestyle: application of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research

Although multiple systematic reviews indicate that various determinants (barriers and facilitators) occur in the implementation processes of policies promoting healthy diet, physical activity (PA), and sedenta...

Authors: Karolina Lobczowska, Anna Banik, Katarzyna Brukalo, Sarah Forberger, Thomas Kubiak, Piotr Romaniuk, Marie Scheidmeir, Daniel A. Scheller, Juergen M. Steinacker, Janine Wendt, Katarzyna Wieczorowska-Tobis, Marleen P. M. Bekker, Hajo Zeeb and Aleksandra Luszczynska

Iowa Implementation for Sustainability Framework

An application-oriented implementation framework designed for clinicians and based on the Diffusion of Innovations theory included 81 implementation strategies with suggested timing for use within four impleme...

Authors: Laura Cullen, Kirsten Hanrahan, Stephanie W. Edmonds, Heather Schacht Reisinger and Michele Wagner

Evaluation of a program for routine implementation of shared decision-making in cancer care: results of a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial

Shared decision-making (SDM) is preferred by many patients in cancer care. However, despite scientific evidence and promotion by health policy makers, SDM implementation in routine health care lags behind. Thi...

Authors: Isabelle Scholl, Pola Hahlweg, Anja Lindig, Wiebke Frerichs, Jördis Zill, Hannah Cords, Carsten Bokemeyer, Anja Coym, Barbara Schmalfeldt, Ralf Smeets, Tobias Vollkommer, Isabell Witzel, Martin Härter and Levente Kriston

Proceedings of the 4th UK Implementation Science Research Conference

Authors:

Implementation strategies and outcomes for occupational therapy in adult stroke rehabilitation: a scoping review

Stroke survivors often encounter occupational therapy practitioners in rehabilitation practice settings. Occupational therapy researchers have recently begun to examine the implementation strategies that promo...

Authors: J. Edward Murrell, Janell L. Pisegna and Lisa A. Juckett

Implementation Science and Implementation Science Communications: a refreshed description of the journals’ scope and expectations

This editorial provides a comprehensive consolidated overview of the scope and expectations of Implementation Science and Implementation Science Communications. We remain most interested in rigorous empirical stu...

Authors: Michel Wensing, Anne Sales, Paul Wilson, Rebecca Armstrong, Roman Kislov, Nicole M. Rankin, Rohit Ramaswamy and Dong ( Roman) Xu

Use and effects of implementation strategies for practice guidelines in nursing: a systematic review

Practice guidelines can reduce variations in nursing practice and improve patient care. However, implementation of guidelines is complex and inconsistent in practice. It is unclear which strategies are effecti...

Authors: Christine E. Cassidy, Margaret B. Harrison, Christina Godfrey, Vera Nincic, Paul A. Khan, Patricia Oakley, Amanda Ross-White, Hilary Grantmyre and Ian D. Graham

Changing the preschool setting to promote healthy energy balance-related behaviours of preschoolers: a qualitative and quantitative process evaluation of the SuperFIT approach

The Early Care and Education (ECE) setting plays an important role in the promotion of a healthy lifestyle in young children. SuperFIT is a comprehensive, integrated intervention approach designed to promote h...

Authors: Ilona van de Kolk, Sanne Gerards, Anke Verhees, Stef Kremers and Jessica Gubbels

A scoping review of de-implementation frameworks and models

Reduction or elimination of inappropriate, ineffective, or potentially harmful healthcare services and public health programs can help to ensure limited resources are used effectively. Frameworks and models (F...

Authors: Callie Walsh-Bailey, Edward Tsai, Rachel G. Tabak, Alexandra B. Morshed, Wynne E. Norton, Virginia R. McKay, Ross C. Brownson and Sheyna Gifford

Using Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to investigate facilitators and barriers of implementing alcohol screening and brief intervention among primary care health professionals: a systematic review

Alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI) is recommended to be implemented in primary care settings to intervene against hazardous/harmful drinking. However, studies showed that the uptake rate was low in...

Authors: Paul Shing-fong Chan, Yuan Fang, Martin Chi-sang Wong, Junjie Huang, Zixin Wang and Eng Kiong Yeoh

Market viability: a neglected concept in implementation science

This debate paper asserts that implementation science needs to incorporate a key concept from entrepreneurship—market demand—and demonstrates how assessing an innovation’s potential market viability might adva...

Authors: Enola K. Proctor, Emre Toker, Rachel Tabak, Virginia R. McKay, Cole Hooley and Bradley Evanoff

Letter to the editor on “the implementation research logic model: a method for planning, executing, reporting, and synthesizing implementation projects” (Smith JD, Li DH, Rafferty MR. the implementation research logic model: a method for planning, executing, reporting, and synthesizing implementation projects. Implement Sci. 2020;15 (1):84. Doi:10.1186/s13012-020-01041-8)

Authors: Anne E. Sales, Douglas P. Barnaby and Victor Cattani Rentes

Integration of a task strengthening strategy for hypertension management into HIV care in Nigeria: a cluster randomized controlled trial study protocol

In regions with weak healthcare systems, critical shortages of the healthcare workforce, and increasing prevalence of dual disease burdens, there is an urgent need for the implementation of proven effective in...

Authors: Angela A. Aifah, Oluwatosin Odubela, Ashlin Rakhra, Deborah Onakomaiya, Jiyuan Hu, Ucheoma Nwaozuru, David A. Oladele, Aina Olufemi Odusola, Ifeoma Idigbe, Adesola Z. Musa, Ayodeji Akere, Bamidele Tayo, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Juliet Iwelunmor and Oliver Ezechi

The effectiveness of quality improvement collaboratives in improving stroke care and the facilitators and barriers to their implementation: a systematic review

To successfully reduce the negative impacts of stroke, high-quality health and care practices are needed across the entire stroke care pathway. These practices are not always shared across organisations. Quali...

Authors: Hayley J. Lowther, Joanna Harrison, James E. Hill, Nicola J. Gaskins, Kimberly C. Lazo, Andrew J. Clegg, Louise A. Connell, Hilary Garrett, Josephine M. E. Gibson, Catherine E. Lightbody and Caroline L. Watkins

Implementation of innovative medical technologies in German inpatient care: patterns of utilization and evidence development

Innovative medical technologies are commonly associated with positive expectations. At the time of their introduction into care, there is often little evidence available regarding their benefits and harms. Acc...

Authors: Marie Dreger, Helene Eckhardt, Susanne Felgner, Hanna Ermann, Hendrikje Lantzsch, Tanja Rombey, Reinhard Busse, Cornelia Henschke and Dimitra Panteli

Alignment in implementation of evidence-based interventions: a scoping review

Alignment (i.e., the process of creating fit between elements of the inner and outer context of an organization or system) in conjunction with implementation of an evidence-based intervention (EBI) has been id...

Authors: Robert Lundmark, Henna Hasson, Anne Richter, Ermine Khachatryan, Amanda Åkesson and Leif Eriksson

Dissemination interventions to improve healthcare workers’ adherence with infection prevention and control guidelines: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged health systems worldwide since 2020. At the frontline of the pandemic, healthcare workers are at high risk of exposure. Compliance with infection prevention and control (IP...

Authors: Marcus Tolentino Silva, Tais Freire Galvao, Evelina Chapman, Everton Nunes da Silva and Jorge Otávio Maia Barreto

Validation and refinement of the Stakeholder-driven Community Diffusion Survey for childhood obesity prevention

Whole-of-community interventions hold promise in addressing childhood obesity. The COMPACT Stakeholder-driven Community Diffusion theory posits that stakeholders’ knowledge of childhood obesity prevention effo...

Authors: Ariella R. Korn, Julia Appel, Ross A. Hammond, Erin Hennessy, Louise C. Mâsse, Aviva Must and Christina D. Economos

Behavioral economic implementation strategies to improve serious illness communication between clinicians and high-risk patients with cancer: protocol for a cluster randomized pragmatic trial

Serious illness conversations (SICs) are an evidence-based approach to eliciting patients’ values, goals, and care preferences that improve patient outcomes. However, most patients with cancer die without a do...

Authors: Samuel U. Takvorian, Justin Bekelman, Rinad S. Beidas, Robert Schnoll, Alicia B. W. Clifton, Tasnim Salam, Peter Gabriel, E. Paul Wileyto, Callie A. Scott, David A. Asch, Alison M. Buttenheim, Katharine A. Rendle, Krisda Chaiyachati, Rachel C. Shelton, Sue Ware, Corey Chivers…

Study protocol for a type III hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial of strategies to implement firearm safety promotion as a universal suicide prevention strategy in pediatric primary care

Insights from behavioral economics, or how individuals’ decisions and behaviors are shaped by finite cognitive resources (e.g., time, attention) and mental heuristics, have been underutilized in efforts to inc...

Authors: Rinad S. Beidas, Brian K. Ahmedani, Kristin A. Linn, Steven C. Marcus, Christina Johnson, Melissa Maye, Joslyn Westphal, Leslie Wright, Arne L. Beck, Alison M. Buttenheim, Matthew F. Daley, Molly Davis, Marisa E. Elias, Shari Jager-Hyman, Katelin Hoskins, Adina Lieberman…

Organizational contextual factors that predict success of a quality improvement collaborative approach to enhance integrated HIV-tuberculosis services: a sub-study of the Scaling up TB/HIV Integration trial

A quality improvement (QI) collaborative approach to enhancing integrated HIV-Tuberculosis (TB) services may be effective in scaling up and improving the quality of service delivery. Little is known of the rol...

Authors: Santhanalakshmi Gengiah, Catherine Connolly, Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma, Pierre M. Barker, Andrew J. Nunn, Nesri Padayatchi, Myra Taylor, Marian Loveday and Kogieleum Naidoo

Attitude theory and measurement in implementation science: a secondary review of empirical studies and opportunities for advancement

Implementation science studies often express interest in “attitudes,” a term borrowed from psychology. In psychology, attitude research has an established methodological and theoretical base, which we briefly ...

Authors: Jessica Fishman, Catherine Yang and David Mandell

Provider REport of Sustainment Scale (PRESS): development and validation of a brief measure of inner context sustainment

Implementation scientists and practitioners often rely on frontline providers for reporting on implementation outcomes. Furthermore, measures of sustainment are few, and available sustainment measures are main...

Authors: Joanna C. Moullin, Marisa Sklar, Mark G. Ehrhart, Amy Green and Gregory A. Aarons

Psychometric properties of leadership scales for health professionals: a systematic review

The important role of leaders in the translation of health research is acknowledged in the implementation science literature. However, the accurate measurement of leadership traits and behaviours in health pro...

Authors: Melissa A. Carlson, Sarah Morris, Fiona Day, Ann Dadich, Annika Ryan, Elizabeth A. Fradgley and Christine Paul

Influence of physician networks on prescribing a new ingredient combination in heart failure: a longitudinal claim data-based study

Since 2016, the combination of sacubitril/valsartan, which combines an angiotensin receptor and neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), has been recommended in the guidelines for the treatment of heart failure. The adopt...

Authors: Christine Arnold, Jan Koetsenruijter, Johanna Forstner, Frank Peters-Klimm and Michel Wensing

Sustained effects of the INFORM cluster randomized trial: an observational post-intervention study

Numerous studies have examined the efficacy and effectiveness of health services interventions. However, much less research is available on the sustainability of study outcomes. The purpose of this study was t...

Authors: Matthias Hoben, Liane R. Ginsburg, Peter G. Norton, Malcolm B. Doupe, Whitney B. Berta, James W. Dearing, Janice M. Keefe and Carole A. Estabrooks

Outer-context determinants in the sustainment phase of a reimbursement-driven implementation of evidence-based practices in children’s mental health services

Although there is increasing investment to implement evidence-based practices (EBPs) in public systems across the USA, continued or sustained use of EBPs after initial implementation remains a challenge. The l...

Authors: Joyce H. L. Lui, Lauren Brookman-Frazee, Teresa Lind, Kenny Le, Scott Roesch, Gregory A. Aarons, Debbie Innes-Gomberg, Keri Pesanti and Anna S. Lau

How well do critical care audit and feedback interventions adhere to best practice? Development and application of the REFLECT-52 evaluation tool

Healthcare Audit and Feedback (A&F) interventions have been shown to be an effective means of changing healthcare professional behavior, but work is required to optimize them, as evidence suggests that A&F int...

Authors: Madison Foster, Justin Presseau, Eyal Podolsky, Lauralyn McIntyre, Maria Papoulias and Jamie C. Brehaut

Response to letter to the editor

Authors: Ann Dadich, Annika Piper and Dominiek Coates

Letter to the editor of implementation science in response to “Implementation Science in maternity care, A scoping Review” by Dadich, Piper, and Coates (2021)

Authors: Rachel Blankstein Breman, Rebecca Feldman Hamm and Jennifer A. Callaghan-Koru

Implementing nudges to promote utilization of low tidal volume ventilation (INPUT): a stepped-wedge, hybrid type III trial of strategies to improve evidence-based mechanical ventilation management

Behavioral economic insights have yielded strategies to overcome implementation barriers. For example, default strategies and accountable justification strategies have improved adherence to best practices in c...

Authors: Meeta Prasad Kerlin, Dylan Small, Barry D. Fuchs, Mark E. Mikkelsen, Wei Wang, Teresa Tran, Stefania Scott, Aerielle Belk, Jasmine A. Silvestri, Tamar Klaiman, Scott D. Halpern and Rinad S. Beidas

Implementing work-related Mental health guidelines in general PRacticE (IMPRovE): a protocol for a hybrid III parallel cluster randomised controlled trial

The Clinical Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Work-related Mental Health Conditions in General Practice (the Guideline) was published in 2019. The objective of this trial is to implement the Guide...

Authors: Danielle Mazza, Samantha Chakraborty, Vera Camões-Costa, Justin Kenardy, Bianca Brijnath, Duncan Mortimer, Joanne Enticott, Michael Kidd, Lyndal Trevena, Sharon Reid and Alex Collie

Pharmacist dispensing of the abortion pill in Canada: Diffusion of Innovation meets integrated knowledge translation

Since Canadian drug regulatory approval of mifepristone for medical abortion in 2015 and its market availability in January 2017, the role of pharmacists in abortion provision has changed rapidly. We sought to...

Authors: Sarah Munro, Kate Wahl, Judith A. Soon, Edith Guilbert, Elizabeth S. Wilcox, Genevieve Leduc-Robert, Nadra Ansari, Courtney Devane and Wendy V. Norman

Implementation science issues in understanding, collecting, and using cost estimates: a multi-stakeholder perspective

Understanding the resources needed to achieve desired implementation and effectiveness outcomes is essential to implementing and sustaining evidence-based practices (EBPs). Despite this frequent observation, c...

Authors: Andria B. Eisman, Andrew Quanbeck, Mark Bounthavong, Laura Panattoni and Russell E. Glasgow

Barriers and facilitators to shared decision-making in hospitals from policy to practice: a systematic review

Involving patients in their healthcare using shared decision-making (SDM) is promoted through policy and research, yet its implementation in routine practice remains slow. Research into SDM has stemmed from pr...

Authors: Alex Waddell, Alyse Lennox, Gerri Spassova and Peter Bragge

Data-driven approach for tailoring facilitation strategies to overcome implementation barriers in community pharmacy

Implementation research has delved into barriers to implementing change and interventions for the implementation of innovation in practice. There remains a gap, however, that fails to connect implementation ba...

Authors: Lydia Moussa, Shalom Benrimoj, Katarzyna Musial, Simon Kocbek and Victoria Garcia-Cardenas

Rationale and protocol for a cluster randomized pragmatic clinical trial testing behavioral economic implementation strategies to improve tobacco treatment rates for cancer patients who smoke

Routine evidence-based tobacco use treatment minimizes cancer-specific and all-cause mortality, reduces treatment-related toxicity, and improves quality of life among patients receiving cancer care. Few cancer...

Authors: Brian P. Jenssen, Robert Schnoll, Rinad Beidas, Justin Bekelman, Anna-Marika Bauer, Callie Scott, Sarah Evers-Casey, Jody Nicoloso, Peter Gabriel, David A. Asch, Alison Buttenheim, Jessica Chen, Julissa Melo, Lawrence N. Shulman, Alicia B. W. Clifton, Adina Lieberman…

Understanding adaptations in the Veteran Health Administration’s Transitions Nurse Program: refining methodology and pragmatic implications for scale-up

When complex health services interventions are implemented in real-world settings, adaptations are inevitable. Adaptations are changes made to an intervention, implementation strategy, or context prior to, dur...

Authors: Michaela S. McCarthy, Lexus L. Ujano-De Motta, Mary A. Nunnery, Heather Gilmartin, Lynette Kelley, Ashlea Wills, Chelsea Leonard, Christine D. Jones and Borsika A. Rabin

Barriers and facilitators to implementing evidence-based guidelines in long-term care: a qualitative evidence synthesis

The long-term care setting poses unique challenges and opportunities for effective knowledge translation. The objectives of this review are to (1) synthesize barriers and facilitators to implementing evidence-...

Authors: Caitlin McArthur, Yuxin Bai, Patricia Hewston, Lora Giangregorio, Sharon Straus and Alexandra Papaioannou

The relationship between first-level leadership and inner-context and implementation outcomes in behavioral health: a scoping review

First-level leadership is uniquely positioned to support evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation for behavioral health due to first-level leaders’ access to and relationship with service providers. First-...

Authors: Rosemary D. Meza, Noah S. Triplett, Grace S. Woodard, Prerna Martin, Alya N. Khairuzzaman, Gabrielle Jamora and Shannon Dorsey

Rapid versus traditional qualitative analysis using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)

Qualitative approaches, alone or in mixed methods, are prominent within implementation science. However, traditional qualitative approaches are resource intensive, which has led to the development of rapid qua...

Authors: Andrea L. Nevedal, Caitlin M. Reardon, Marilla A. Opra Widerquist, George L. Jackson, Sarah L. Cutrona, Brandolyn S. White and Laura J. Damschroder