Articles

Handoffs and transitions in critical care—understanding scalability: study protocol for a multicenter stepped wedge type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial

The implementation of evidence-based practices in critical care faces specific challenges, including intense time pressure and patient acuity. These challenges result in evidence-to-practice gaps that diminish...

Authors: Meghan B. Lane-Fall, Athena Christakos, Gina C. Russell, Bat-Zion Hose, Elizabeth D. Dauer, Philip E. Greilich, Bommy Hong Mershon, Christopher P. Potestio, Erin W. Pukenas, John R. Kimberly, Alisa J. Stephens-Shields, Rebecca L. Trotta, Rinad S. Beidas and Ellen J. Bass

Barriers and facilitators influencing the sustainment of health behaviour interventions in schools and childcare services: a systematic review

Sustainment has been defined as the sustained use or delivery of an intervention in practice following cessation of external implementation support. This review aimed to identify and synthesise factors (barrie...

Authors: Adam Shoesmith, Alix Hall, Luke Wolfenden, Rachel C. Shelton, Byron J. Powell, Hannah Brown, Sam McCrabb, Rachel Sutherland, Serene Yoong, Cassandra Lane, Debbie Booth and Nicole Nathan

Enhancing organizational readiness for implementation: constructing a typology of readiness-development strategies using a modified Delphi process

Knowledge about the development of organizational readiness for implementation (ORI) is limited. ORI, referred to as the willingness and capacity of all relevant stakeholders to change practice, is critical fo...

Authors: Sigal Vax, Marianne Farkas, Zlatka Russinova, Kim T. Mueser and Mari-Lynn Drainoni

Implementation of peer specialist services in VA primary care: a cluster randomized trial on the impact of external facilitation

Over 1100 veterans work in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) as peer specialists (PSs)—those with formal training who support other veterans with similar diagnoses. A White House Executive Action mandat...

Authors: Matthew Chinman, Richard Goldberg, Karin Daniels, Anjana Muralidharan, Jeffrey Smith, Sharon McCarthy, Deborah Medoff, Amanda Peeples, Lorrianne Kuykendall, Natalie Vineyard and Lan Li

Correction to: Effectiveness of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies on health care professionals’ behaviour and patient outcomes in the cancer care context: a systematic review

Authors: Jennifer R. Tomasone, Kaitlyn D. Kauffeldt, Rushil Chaudhary and Melissa C. Brouwers

Effectiveness of two procedures for deploying a facilitated collaborative modeling implementation strategy—the PVS-PREDIAPS strategy—to optimize type 2 diabetes prevention in primary care: the PREDIAPS cluster randomized hybrid type II implementation trial

The most efficient procedures to engage and guide healthcare professionals in collaborative processes that seek to optimize practice are unknown. The PREDIAPS project aims to assess the effectiveness and feasi...

Authors: Alvaro Sanchez, Susana Pablo, Arturo Garcia-Alvarez, Silvia Dominguez and Gonzalo Grandes

Implementing a digital intervention for managing uncontrolled hypertension in Primary Care: a mixed methods process evaluation

A high proportion of hypertensive patients remain above the target threshold for blood pressure, increasing the risk of adverse health outcomes. A digital intervention to facilitate healthcare practitioners (h...

Authors: Kate Morton, Laura Dennison, Rebecca Band, Beth Stuart, Laura Wilde, Tara Cheetham-Blake, Elena Heber, Joanna Slodkowska-Barabasz, Paul Little, Richard J. McManus, Carl R. May, Lucy Yardley and Katherine Bradbury

Theory-based approach to developing an implementation plan to support the adoption of a patient decision aid for Down syndrome prenatal screening

Our team has developed a decision aid to help pregnant women and their partners make informed decisions about Down syndrome prenatal screening. However, the decision aid is not yet widely available in Quebec’s...

Authors: Titilayo Tatiana Agbadjé, Matthew Menear, Marie-Pierre Gagnon and France Légaré

OASI2: a cluster randomised hybrid evaluation of strategies for sustainable implementation of the Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury Care Bundle in maternity units in Great Britain

The Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury (OASI) Care Bundle comprises four primary and secondary prevention practices that target the rising rates of severe perineal tearing during childbirth, which can have severe...

Authors: Magdalena Jurczuk, Posy Bidwell, Dorian Martinez, Louise Silverton, Jan Van der Meulen, Daniel Wolstenholme, Ranee Thakar, Ipek Gurol-Urganci and Nick Sevdalis

Proceedings from the 13th Annual Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation

Authors:

Capitalizing on facilitators and addressing barriers when implementing active tuberculosis case-finding in six districts of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: a qualitative study with key stakeholders

Vietnam has a high burden of undetected tuberculosis (TB). The Vietnamese National TB Strategic Plan highlights active case-finding (ACF) as one strategy to find people with TB who are currently unreached by t...

Authors: Olivia Biermann, Phuong Bich Tran, Rachel Jeanette Forse, Luan Nguyen Quang Vo, Andrew James Codlin, Kerri Viney, Maxine Caws and Knut Lönnroth

Enhancing the Behaviour Change Wheel with synthesis, stakeholder involvement and decision-making: a case example using the ‘Enhancing the Quality of Psychological Interventions Delivered by Telephone’ (EQUITy) research programme

Using frameworks such as the Behaviour Change Wheel to develop behaviour change interventions can be challenging because judgement is needed at various points in the process and it is not always clear how unce...

Authors: Cintia L. Faija, Judith Gellatly, Michael Barkham, Karina Lovell, Kelly Rushton, Charlotte Welsh, Helen Brooks, Kerry Ardern, Penny Bee and Christopher J. Armitage

Implementation fidelity of the Systems for Person-Centered Elder Care (SPEC): a process evaluation study

The Systems for Person-Centered Elder Care (SPEC), a complex intervention, was conducted to examine its effectiveness as a technology-enhanced, multidisciplinary, and integrated care model for frail older pers...

Authors: Hyoungshim Choi, Young-il Jung and Hongsoo Kim

Implementation and sustainability factors of two early-stage breast cancer conversation aids in diverse practices

Conversation aids can facilitate shared decision-making and improve patient-centered outcomes. However, few examples exist of sustained use of conversation aids in routine care due to numerous barriers at clin...

Authors: Danielle Schubbe, Renata W. Yen, Catherine H. Saunders, Glyn Elwyn, Rachel C. Forcino, A. James O’Malley, Mary C. Politi, Julie Margenthaler, Robert J. Volk, Karen Sepucha, Elissa Ozanne, Sanja Percac-Lima, Ann Bradley, Courtney Goodwin, Maria van den Muijsenbergh, Johanna W. M. Aarts…

Systematic review of experiences and perceptions of key actors and organisations at multiple levels within health systems internationally in responding to COVID-19

COVID-19 has presented challenges to healthcare systems and healthcare professionals internationally. After one year of the pandemic, the initial evidence on health system responses begins to consolidate, and ...

Authors: Simon Turner, Natalia Botero-Tovar, Maria Alejandra Herrera, Juan Pablo Borda Kuhlmann, Francisco Ortiz, Jean Carlo Ramírez and Luisa Fernanda Maldonado

Stakeholder selected strategies for obesity prevention in childcare: results from a small-scale cluster randomized hybrid type III trial

Together, We Inspire Smart Eating (WISE) is an intervention for the early care and education setting to support children’s exposure to and intake of fruits and vegetables. WISE emphasizes 4 evidence-based prac...

Authors: Taren Swindle, Nicole M. McBride, James P. Selig, Susan L. Johnson, Leanne Whiteside-Mansell, Janna Martin, Audra Staley and Geoffrey M. Curran

5335 days of Implementation Science: using natural language processing to examine publication trends and topics

Moving evidence-based practices into the hands of practitioners requires the synthesis and translation of research literature. However, the growing pace of scientific publications across disciplines makes it i...

Authors: Jonathan P. Scaccia and Victoria C. Scott

Is fidelity to a complex behaviour change intervention associated with patient outcomes? Exploring the relationship between dietitian adherence and competence and the nutritional status of intervention patients in a successful stepped-wedge randomised clinical trial of eating as treatment (EAT)

Behavioural medicine is characterised by findings for the effectiveness and efficacy of complex behaviour change interventions. Comparatively, scant attention has been paid to key intervention components or me...

Authors: Alison K. Beck, Amanda L. Baker, Gregory Carter, Laura Robinson, Kristen McCarter, Christopher Wratten, Judith Bauer, Luke Wolfenden and Benjamin Britton

Results of the CHlorhexidine Gluconate Bathing implementation intervention to improve evidence-based nursing practices for prevention of central line associated bloodstream infections Study (CHanGing BathS): a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial

Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) result in approximately 28,000 deaths and approximately $2.3 billion in added costs to the U.S. healthcare system each year, and yet, many of these infe...

Authors: Staci S. Reynolds, Patricia Woltz, Edward Keating, Janice Neff, Jennifer Elliott, Daniel Hatch, Qing Yang and Bradi B. Granger

Perceptions of the barriers, facilitators, outcomes, and helpfulness of strategies to implement screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment in acute care

Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is a clinical intervention used to address alcohol and illicit drug use. SBIRT use has resulted in positive health and social outcomes; however,...

Authors: Alyson Keen, Kelli Thoele, Ukamaka Oruche and Robin Newhouse

Correction to: Using organization theory to position middle-level managers as agents of evidence-based practice implementation

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Sarah A. Birken and Graeme Currie

Impact of provincial and national implementation strategies on P2Y12 inhibitor utilization for acute coronary syndrome in the elderly: an interrupted time series analysis from 2008 to 2018

Guidelines recommend both acetylsalicylic acid and ticagrelor following acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but appropriate prescription practices lag. We analyzed the impact of government medication approval, nati...

Authors: Saurabh Gupta, Emilie P. Belley-Cote, Adam Eqbal, Charlotte McEwen, Ameen Basha, Nicole Wu, Joshua O. Cerasuolo, Shamir Mehta, Jon-David Schwalm and Richard P. Whitlock

“Our Choice” improves use of safer conception methods among HIV serodiscordant couples in Uganda: a cluster randomized controlled trial evaluating two implementation approaches

Safer conception counseling (SCC) to promote the use of safer conception methods (SCM) is not yet part of routine family planning or HIV care. Guidelines for the use of SCM have been published, but to date the...

Authors: Glenn J. Wagner, Rhoda K. Wanyenze, Jolly Beyeza-Kashesya, Violet Gwokyalya, Emily Hurley, Deborah Mindry, Sarah Finocchario-Kessler, Mastula Nanfuka, Mahlet G. Tebeka, Uzaib Saya, Marika Booth, Bonnie Ghosh-Dastidar, Sebastian Linnemayr, Vincent S. Staggs and Kathy Goggin

Implementation strategies to improve statin utilization in individuals with hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Numerous implementation strategies to improve utilization of statins in patients with hypercholesterolemia have been utilized, with varying degrees of success. The aim of this systematic review is to determine...

Authors: Laney K. Jones, Stephanie Tilberry, Christina Gregor, Lauren H. Yaeger, Yirui Hu, Amy C. Sturm, Terry L. Seaton, Thomas J. Waltz, Alanna K. Rahm, Anne Goldberg, Ross C. Brownson, Samuel S. Gidding, Marc S. Williams and Michael R. Gionfriddo

Decision-making process for introduction of maternal vaccines in Kenya, 2017–2018

Maternal immunization is a key strategy for reducing morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases in mothers and their newborns. Recent developments in the science and safety of maternal vaccina...

Authors: Nancy A. Otieno, Fauzia A. Malik, Stacy W. Nganga, Winnie N. Wairimu, Dominic O. Ouma, Godfrey M. Bigogo, Sandra S. Chaves, Jennifer R. Verani, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Andrew D. Wilson, Irina Bergenfeld, Ines Gonzalez-Casanova and Saad B. Omer

A stepped wedge cluster randomized control trial to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of optimized initiatives in improving quality of care for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in response to the COVID-19 outbreak

The National Chest Pain Center Accreditation Program (CHANGE) is the first hospital-based, multifaceted, nationwide quality improvement (QI) initiative, to monitor and improve the quality of the ST segment ele...

Authors: Shuduo Zhou, Xuejie Dong, Fangjing Liu, Yan Zhang, Dahai Yue, Qiang Zhou, Yinzi Jin and Zhi-Jie Zheng

Using organization theory to position middle-level managers as agents of evidence-based practice implementation

Middle-level managers (MLMs; i.e., healthcare professionals who may fill roles including obtaining and diffusing information, adapting information and the intervention, mediating between strategy and day-to-da...

Authors: Sarah A. Birken and Graeme Currie

The FRAME-IS: a framework for documenting modifications to implementation strategies in healthcare

Implementation strategies are necessary to ensure that evidence-based practices are successfully incorporated into routine clinical practice. Such strategies, however, are frequently modified to fit local popu...

Authors: Christopher J. Miller, Miya L. Barnett, Ana A. Baumann, Cassidy A. Gutner and Shannon Wiltsey-Stirman

A step toward understanding the mechanism of action of audit and feedback: a qualitative study of implementation strategies

Audit and feedback (A&F) is a widely used implementation strategy. Understanding mechanisms of action of A&F increases the likelihood that the strategy will lead to implementation of an evidence-based practice...

Authors: Mellanie V. Springer, Anne E. Sales, Nishat Islam, A. Camille McBride, Zach Landis-Lewis, Michael Tupper, Casey L. Corches, Maria Cielito Robles and Lesli E. Skolarus

Forms and functions of bridging factors: specifying the dynamic links between outer and inner contexts during implementation and sustainment

Bridging factors are relational ties, formal arrangements, and processes that connect outer system and inner organizational contexts. They may be critical drivers of evidence-based practice (EBP) implementatio...

Authors: Rebecca Lengnick-Hall, Nicole A. Stadnick, Kelsey S. Dickson, Joanna C. Moullin and Gregory A. Aarons

Does coaching matter? Examining the impact of specific practice facilitation strategies on implementation of quality improvement interventions in the Healthy Hearts in the Heartland study

Practice facilitation is a multicomponent implementation strategy used to improve the capacity for practices to address care quality and implementation gaps. We sought to assess whether practice facilitators u...

Authors: Theresa L. Walunas, Jiancheng Ye, Jennifer Bannon, Ann Wang, Abel N. Kho, Justin D. Smith and Nicholas Soulakis

Audit and feedback with or without training in-practice targeting antibiotic prescribing (TiPTAP): a study protocol of a cluster randomised trial in dental primary care

Antimicrobial resistance is an increasingly serious threat to global public health and patient safety. Overuse of antibiotics has aggravated this issue. Around 7% of all antibiotics in Scotland are prescribed ...

Authors: Beatriz Goulao, Claire Scott, Irene Black, Jan Clarkson, Lee McArthur, Craig Ramsay, Linda Young and Eilidh Duncan

Protocol for a quasi-experimental, 950 county study examining implementation outcomes and mechanisms of Stepping Up, a national policy effort to improve mental health and substance use services for justice-involved individuals

The criminal justice system is the largest provider of mental health services in the USA. Many jurisdictions are interested in reducing the use of the justice system for mental health problems. The national St...

Authors: Jennifer E. Johnson, Jill Viglione, Niloofar Ramezani, Alison E. Cuellar, Maji Hailemariam, Rochelle Rosen, Alex Breno and Faye S. Taxman

The effectiveness of generic emails versus a remote knowledge broker to integrate mood management into a smoking cessation programme in team-based primary care: a cluster randomised trial

Knowledge brokering is a knowledge translation approach that has been gaining popularity in Canada although the effectiveness is unknown. This study evaluated the effectiveness of generalised, exclusively emai...

Authors: Nadia Minian, Sheleza Ahad, Anna Ivanova, Scott Veldhuizen, Laurie Zawertailo, Arun Ravindran, Claire de Oliveira, Dolly Baliunas, Carol Mulder, Corneliu Bolbocean and Peter Selby

A cluster randomized stepped-wedge trial to de-implement unnecessary post-operative antibiotics in children: the optimizing perioperative antibiotic in children (OPerAtiC) trial

Antibiotic-resistant infections have become a public health crisis that is driven by the inappropriate use of antibiotics. In the USA, antibiotic stewardship programs (ASP) have been established and are requir...

Authors: Sara Malone, Virginia R. McKay, Christina Krucylak, Byron J. Powell, Jingxia Liu, Cindy Terrill, Jacqueline M. Saito, Shawn J. Rangel and Jason G. Newland

Implementation science should give higher priority to health equity

There is growing urgency to tackle issues of equity and justice in the USA and worldwide. Health equity, a framing that moves away from a deficit mindset of what society is doing poorly (disparities) to one th...

Authors: Ross C. Brownson, Shiriki K. Kumanyika, Matthew W. Kreuter and Debra Haire-Joshu

Correction to: Incentivizing appropriate malaria case management in the private sector: a study protocol for two linked cluster randomized controlled trials to evaluate provider- and client-focused interventions in western Kenya and Lagos, Nigeria

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Aaron M. Woolsey, Ryan A. Simmons, Meley Woldeghebriel, Yunji Zhou, Oluwatosin Ogunsola, Sarah Laing, Tayo Olaleye, Joseph Kipkoech, Bomar Mendez Rojas, Indrani Saran, Mercy Odhiambo, Josephine Malinga, George Ambani, Emmah Kimachas, Chizoba Fashanu, Owens Wiwa…

Cost analysis in implementation studies of evidence-based practices for mental health and substance use disorders: a systematic review

This study is a systematic literature review of cost analyses conducted within implementation studies on behavioral health services. Cost analysis of implementing evidence-based practices (EBP) has become impo...

Authors: Diana M. Bowser, Brandy F. Henry and Kathryn E. McCollister

A cluster randomized controlled trial comparing Virtual Learning Collaborative and Technical Assistance strategies to implement an early palliative care program for patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers: a study protocol

Virtual Learning Collaboratives (VLC), learning communities focused on a common purpose, are used frequently in healthcare settings to implement best practices. Yet, there is limited research testing the effec...

Authors: Lisa Zubkoff, Kathleen Doyle Lyons, J. Nicholas Dionne-Odom, Gregory Hagley, Maria Pisu, Andres Azuero, Marie Flannery, Richard Taylor, Elizabeth Carpenter-Song, Supriya Mohile and Marie Anne Bakitas

The decision sampling framework: a methodological approach to investigate evidence use in policy and programmatic innovation

Calls have been made for greater application of the decision sciences to investigate and improve use of research evidence in mental health policy and practice. This article proposes a novel method, “decision s...

Authors: Thomas I. Mackie, Ana J. Schaefer, Justeen K. Hyde, Laurel K. Leslie, Emily A. Bosk, Brittany Fishman and R. Christopher Sheldrick

Care to Quit: a stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial to implement best practice smoking cessation care in cancer centres

Cigarette smoking in people with cancer is associated with negative treatment-related outcomes including increased treatment toxicity and complications, medication side effects, decreased performance status an...

Authors: Christine L. Paul, Graham Warren, Shalini Vinod, Bettina Meiser, Emily Stone, Daniel Barker, Kate White, James McLennan, Fiona Day, Kristen McCarter, Melissa McEnallay, Jordan Tait, Karen Canfell, Marianne Weber and Catherine Segan

A systematic review of evidence-based practice implementation in drug and alcohol settings: applying the consolidated framework for implementation research framework

There is a paucity of translational research programmes to improve implementation of evidence-based care in drug and alcohol settings. This systematic review aimed to provide a synthesis and evaluation of the ...

Authors: Eva Louie, Emma L. Barrett, Andrew Baillie, Paul Haber and Kirsten C. Morley

A myriad of factors influencing the implementation of transitional care innovations: a scoping review

Care transitions of older persons between multiple care settings are frequently hampered by various issues such as discontinuous care delivery or poor information transfer among healthcare providers. Therefore...

Authors: Amal Fakha, Lindsay Groenvynck, Bram de Boer, Theo van Achterberg, Jan Hamers and Hilde Verbeek

Changing behaviour, ‘more or less’: do implementation and de-implementation interventions include different behaviour change techniques?

Decreasing ineffective or harmful healthcare practices (de-implementation) may require different approaches than those used to promote uptake of effective practices (implementation). Few psychological theories...

Authors: Andrea M. Patey, Jeremy M. Grimshaw and Jill J. Francis

Unpacking the intention to action gap: a qualitative study understanding how physicians engage with audit and feedback

Audit and feedback (A&F) often successfully enhances health professionals’ intentions to improve quality of care but does not consistently lead to practice changes. Recipients often cite data credibility and l...

Authors: Laura Desveaux, Noah Michael Ivers, Kim Devotta, Noor Ramji, Karen Weyman and Tara Kiran

Understanding the implementation of evidence-informed policies and practices from a policy perspective: a critical interpretive synthesis

The fields of implementation science and knowledge translation have evolved somewhat independently from the field of policy implementation research, despite calls for better integration. As a result, implement...

Authors: Heather L. Bullock, John N. Lavis, Michael G. Wilson, Gillian Mulvale and Ashleigh Miatello

A micro costing analysis of the development of a primary care intervention to improve the uptake of diabetic retinopathy screening

The application of economic analysis within implementation science is still developing and the cost of intervention development, which differs markedly from the costs of initial implementation and maintenance,...

Authors: Susan Ahern, Fiona Riordan, Aileen Murphy, John Browne, Patricia M. Kearney, Susan M. Smith and Sheena M. McHugh

Implementation science in maternity care: a scoping review

Despite wide recognition that clinical care should be informed by the best available evidence, this does not always occur. Despite a myriad of theories, models and frameworks to promote evidence-based populati...

Authors: Ann Dadich, Annika Piper and Dominiek Coates

Implementation of clinical practice changes in the PICU: a qualitative study using and refining the iPARIHS framework

Like in many settings, implementation of evidence-based practices often fall short in pediatric intensive care units (PICU). Very few prior studies have applied implementation science frameworks to understand ...

Authors: Katherine M. Steffen, Laura M. Holdsworth, Mackenzie A. Ford, Grace M. Lee, Steven M. Asch and Enola K. Proctor

Incentivizing appropriate malaria case management in the private sector: a study protocol for two linked cluster randomized controlled trials to evaluate provider- and client-focused interventions in western Kenya and Lagos, Nigeria

A large proportion of artemisinin-combination therapy (ACT) anti-malarial medicines is consumed by individuals that do not have malaria. The over-consumption of ACTs is largely driven by retail sales in high m...

Authors: Aaron M. Woolsey, Ryan A. Simmons, Meley Woldeghebriel, Yunji Zhou, Oluwatosin Ogunsola, Sarah Laing, Tayo Olaleye, Joseph Kipkoech, Bomar Mendez Rojas, Indrani Saran, Mercy Odhiambo, Josephine Malinga, George Ambani, Emmah Kimachas, Chizoba Fashanu, Owens Wiwa…