Articles

Implementation of change in health care in Sweden: a qualitative study of professionals’ change responses

Implementation of evidence-based practices in health care implies change. Understanding health care professionals’ change responses may be critical for facilitating implementation to achieve an evidence-based ...

Authors: Per Nilsen, Kristina Schildmeijer, Carin Ericsson, Ida Seing and Sarah Birken

How do researchers conceptualize and plan for the sustainability of their NIH R01 implementation projects?

Inadequate sustainability of implementation of evidence-based interventions has led to calls for research on how sustainability can be optimized. To advance our understanding of intervention sustainability, we...

Authors: Alekhya Mascarenhas Johnson, Julia E. Moore, David A. Chambers, Jennifer Rup, Camellia Dinyarian and Sharon E. Straus

Physician-reported barriers to using evidence-based recommendations for low back pain in clinical practice: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies using the Theoretical Domains Framework

Adoption of low back pain guidelines is a well-documented problem. Information to guide the development of behaviour change interventions is needed. The review is the first to synthesise the evidence regarding...

Authors: Amanda M. Hall, Samantha R. Scurrey, Andrea E. Pike, Charlotte Albury, Helen L. Richmond, James Matthews, Elaine Toomey, Jill A. Hayden and Holly Etchegary

Implementation facilitation to promote emergency department-initiated buprenorphine for opioid use disorder: protocol for a hybrid type III effectiveness-implementation study (Project ED HEALTH)

Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) frequently present to the emergency department (ED) after overdose, or seeking treatment for general medical conditions, their addiction, withdrawal symptoms, or complic...

Authors: Gail D’Onofrio, E. Jennifer Edelman, Kathryn F. Hawk, Michael V. Pantalon, Marek C. Chawarski, Patricia H. Owens, Shara H. Martel, Paul VanVeldhuisen, Neal Oden, Sean M. Murphy, Kristen Huntley, Patrick G. O’Connor and David A. Fiellin

Barriers and facilitators to the successful development, implementation and evaluation of care bundles in acute care in hospital: a scoping review

Care bundles are small sets of evidence-based recommendations, designed to support the implementation of evidence-based best clinical practice. However, there is variation in the design and implementation of c...

Authors: D. Gilhooly, S. A. Green, C. McCann, N. Black and S. R. Moonesinghe

A method to reduce imbalance for site-level randomized stepped wedge implementation trial designs

Controlled implementation trials often randomize the intervention at the site level, enrolling relatively few sites (e.g., 6–20) compared to trials that randomize by subject. Trials with few sites carry a subs...

Authors: Robert A. Lew, Christopher J. Miller, Bo Kim, Hongsheng Wu, Kelly Stolzmann and Mark S. Bauer

A novel counterbalanced implementation study design: methodological description and application to implementation research

Implementation research is increasingly being recognised for optimising the outcomes of clinical practice. Frequently, the benefits of new evidence are not implemented due to the difficulties applying traditio...

Authors: Mitchell N. Sarkies, Elizabeth H. Skinner, Kelly-Ann Bowles, Meg E. Morris, Cylie Williams, Lisa O’Brien, Anne Bardoel, Jenny Martin, Anne E. Holland, Leeanne Carey, Jennifer White and Terry P. Haines

How was research engaged with and used in the development of 131 policy documents? Findings and measurement implications from a mixed methods study

Much has been written about the use of evidence in policy; however, there is still little known about whether and how research is engaged with and used in policy development or the impact of reported barriers ...

Authors: Anna Williamson, Steve R. Makkar and Sally Redman

Using theories of behaviour change to transition multidisciplinary trauma team training from the training environment to clinical practice

Major trauma patients—such as patients who have experienced road injury, high-impact falls or violence—require complex, intense and rapid resuscitation from a multidisciplinary team of clinicians. These ‘flash...

Authors: Margaret Murphy, Andrea McCloughen and Kate Curtis

Choosing implementation strategies to address contextual barriers: diversity in recommendations and future directions

A fundamental challenge of implementation is identifying contextual determinants (i.e., barriers and facilitators) and determining which implementation strategies will address them. Numerous conceptual framewo...

Authors: Thomas J. Waltz, Byron J. Powell, María E. Fernández, Brenton Abadie and Laura J. Damschroder

Scaling-up the Systems Analysis and Improvement Approach for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in Mozambique (SAIA-SCALE): a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial

The introduction of option B+—rapid initiation of lifelong antiretroviral therapy regardless of disease status for HIV-infected pregnant and breastfeeding women—can dramatically reduce HIV transmission during ...

Authors: Kenneth Sherr, Kristjana Ásbjörnsdóttir, Jonny Crocker, Joana Coutinho, Maria de Fatima Cuembelo, Esperança Tavede, Nélia Manaca, Keshet Ronen, Felipe Murgorgo, Ruanne Barnabas, Grace John-Stewart, Sarah Holte, Bryan J. Weiner, James Pfeiffer and Sarah Gimbel

Clinical Performance Feedback Intervention Theory (CP-FIT): a new theory for designing, implementing, and evaluating feedback in health care based on a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative research

Providing health professionals with quantitative summaries of their clinical performance when treating specific groups of patients (“feedback”) is a widely used quality improvement strategy, yet systematic rev...

Authors: Benjamin Brown, Wouter T. Gude, Thomas Blakeman, Sabine N. van der Veer, Noah Ivers, Jill J. Francis, Fabiana Lorencatto, Justin Presseau, Niels Peek and Gavin Daker-White

Clinical performance comparators in audit and feedback: a review of theory and evidence

Audit and feedback (A&F) is a common quality improvement strategy with highly variable effects on patient care. It is unclear how A&F effectiveness can be maximised. Since the core mechanism of action of A&F d...

Authors: Wouter T. Gude, Benjamin Brown, Sabine N. van der Veer, Heather L. Colquhoun, Noah M. Ivers, Jamie C. Brehaut, Zach Landis-Lewis, Christopher J. Armitage, Nicolette F. de Keizer and Niels Peek

Exploring the effect of implementation and context on a stepped-wedge randomised controlled trial of a vital sign triage device in routine maternity care in low-resource settings

Interventions aimed at reducing maternal mortality are increasingly complex. Understanding how complex interventions are delivered, to whom, and how they work is key in ensuring their rapid scale-up. We delive...

Authors: Nicola Vousden, Elodie Lawley, Paul T. Seed, Muchabayiwa Francis Gidiri, Umesh Charantimath, Grace Makonyola, Adrian Brown, Lomi Yadeta, Rebecca Best, Sebastian Chinkoyo, Bellington Vwalika, Annettee Nakimuli, James Ditai, Grace Greene, Lucy C. Chappell, Jane Sandall…

Costs of implementing and sustaining enhanced collaborative care programs involving community partners

Collaborative care is an evidence-based program for treating depression in primary care. We sought to expand this model by recruiting clinics interested in incorporating community partners (i.e., community-bas...

Authors: Theresa J. Hoeft, Heather Wilcox, Ladson Hinton and Jürgen Unützer

Longitudinal assessment of the association between implementation strategy use and the uptake of hepatitis C treatment: Year 2

To increase the uptake of evidence-based treatments for hepatitis C (HCV), the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) established the Hepatitis Innovation Team (HIT) Collaborative. Teams of providers were tasked ...

Authors: Shari S. Rogal, Vera Yakovchenko, Thomas J. Waltz, Byron J. Powell, Rachel Gonzalez, Angela Park, Maggie Chartier, David Ross, Timothy R. Morgan, JoAnn E. Kirchner, Enola K. Proctor and Matthew J. Chinman

Do the key functions of an intervention designed from the same specifications vary according to context? Investigating the transferability of a public health intervention in France

The processes at play in the implementation of one program in different contexts are complex and not yet well understood. In order to facilitate both the analysis and transfer of interventions, a “key function...

Authors: Mélanie Villeval, Emilie Gaborit, Florent Berault, Thierry Lang and Michelle Kelly-Irving

How the study of networks informs knowledge translation and implementation: a scoping review

To date, implementation science has focused largely on identifying the individual and organizational barriers, processes, and outcomes of knowledge translation (KT) (including implementation efforts). Social n...

Authors: Stephanie M. N. Glegg, Emily Jenkins and Anita Kothari

Proceedings from the 11th Annual Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation

Authors:

Using implementation facilitation to implement primary care mental health integration via clinical video telehealth in rural clinics: protocol for a hybrid type 2 cluster randomized stepped-wedge design

Integrating mental health providers into primary care clinics improves access to and outcomes of mental health care. In the Veterans Health Administration (VA) Primary Care Mental Health Integration (PCMHI) pr...

Authors: Richard R. Owen, Eva N. Woodward, Karen L. Drummond, Tisha L. Deen, Karen Anderson Oliver, Nancy J. Petersen, Scott S. Meit, John C. Fortney and JoAnn E. Kirchner

Specifying and comparing implementation strategies across seven large implementation interventions: a practical application of theory

The use of implementation strategies is an active and purposive approach to translate research findings into routine clinical care. The Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) identified and defi...

Authors: Cynthia K. Perry, Laura J. Damschroder, Jennifer R. Hemler, Tanisha T. Woodson, Sarah S. Ono and Deborah J. Cohen

Bridging the knowledge-practice gap in tuberculosis contact management in a high-burden setting: a mixed-methods protocol for a multicenter health system strengthening study

People in close contact with tuberculosis should have screening and appropriate management, as an opportunity for active case detection and prevention. However, implementation of tuberculosis contact screening...

Authors: Trisasi Lestari, Steve Graham, Christel van den Boogard, Rina Triasih, Jeanne Rini Poespoprodjo, Reynold Rizal Ubra, Enny Kenangalem, Yodi Mahendradhata, Nicholas M. Anstey, Ross S. Bailie and Anna P. Ralph

A stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial designed to improve completion of HPV vaccine series and reduce missed opportunities to vaccinate in rural primary care practices

To test the effectiveness of a comprehensive team-based intervention to improve human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination completion rates and reduce missed opportunities to vaccinate in rural Oregon.

Authors: Patricia A. Carney, Brigit Hatch, Isabel Stock, Caitlin Dickinson, Melinda Davis, Rex Larsen, Steele Valenzuela, Miguel Marino, Paul M. Darden, Rose Gunn, Laura Ferrara and Lyle J. Fagnan

Individual and organizational factors that affect implementation of evidence-based practices for children with autism in public schools: a cross-sectional observational study

Children with autism receive most of their intervention services in public schools, but implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) for autism varies. Studies suggest that individual (attitudes) and orga...

Authors: Jill Locke, Gwendolyn M. Lawson, Rinad S. Beidas, Gregory A. Aarons, Ming Xie, Aaron R. Lyon, Aubyn Stahmer, Max Seidman, Lindsay Frederick, Cristine Oh, Christine Spaulding, Shannon Dorsey and David S. Mandell

Testing the leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI) intervention in Norwegian mental health clinics: a stepped-wedge cluster randomized design study protocol

Alignment across levels of leadership within an organization is needed for successful implementation of evidence-based practice. The leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI) intervention ...

Authors: Karina M. Egeland, Ane-Marthe Solheim Skar, Mathilde Endsjø, Erlend Høen Laukvik, Harald Bækkelund, Aida Babaii, Lene Beate Granly, Gry Kristina Husebø, Randi Hovden Borge, Mark G. Ehrhart, Marisa Sklar, C. Hendricks Brown and Gregory A. Aarons

The health equity implementation framework: proposal and preliminary study of hepatitis C virus treatment

Researchers could benefit from methodological advancements to advance uptake of new treatments while also reducing healthcare disparities. A comprehensive determinants framework for healthcare disparity implem...

Authors: Eva N. Woodward, Monica M. Matthieu, Uchenna S. Uchendu, Shari Rogal and JoAnn E. Kirchner

Measurement Training and Feedback System for Implementation of family-based services for adolescent substance use: protocol for a cluster randomized trial of two implementation strategies

This article describes a study protocol for testing the Measurement Training and Feedback System for Implementation (MTFS-I) and comparing two implementation strategies for MTFS-I delivery. MTFS-I is a web-bas...

Authors: Aaron Hogue, Sarah Dauber, Molly Bobek, Amanda Jensen-Doss and Craig E. Henderson

Stroke Ready: a multi-level program that combines implementation science and community-based participatory research approaches to increase acute stroke treatment: protocol for a stepped wedge trial

Post-stroke disability is common, costly, and projected to increase. Acute stroke treatments can substantially reduce post-stroke disability, but few patients take advantage of these cost-effective treatments....

Authors: Lesli E. Skolarus, Anne E. Sales, Marc A. Zimmerman, Casey L. Corches, Zach Landis-Lewis, Maria Cielito Robles, A. Camille McBride, Narmeen Rehman, Alina Oliver, Nishat Islam, Mellanie V. Springer, Alison O’Brien, Sarah Bailey, Lewis B. Morgenstern, William J. Meurer and James F. Burke

Understanding contexts: how explanatory theories can help

To rethink the nature and roles of context in ways that help improvers implement effective, sustained improvement interventions in healthcare quality and safety.

Authors: Frank Davidoff

Impact of team configuration and team stability on primary care quality

The science of effective teams is well documented; far less is known, however, about how specific team configurations may impact primary care team effectiveness. Further, teams experiencing frequent personnel ...

Authors: Sylvia J. Hysong, Amber B. Amspoker, Ashley M. Hughes, Lechauncy Woodard, Frederick L. Oswald, Laura A. Petersen and Houston F. Lester

Factors influencing national implementation of innovations within community pharmacy: a systematic review applying the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research

To meet emergent healthcare needs, innovations need to be implemented into routine clinical practice. Community pharmacy is increasingly considered a setting through which innovations can be implemented to ach...

Authors: Natalie M. Weir, Rosemary Newham, Emma Dunlop and Marion Bennie

Effect of enhancing audit and feedback on uptake of childhood pneumonia treatment policy in hospitals that are part of a clinical network: a cluster randomized trial

The World Health Organization (WHO) revised its clinical guidelines for management of childhood pneumonia in 2013. Significant delays have occurred during previous introductions of new guidelines into routine ...

Authors: Philip Ayieko, Grace Irimu, Morris Ogero, Paul Mwaniki, Lucas Malla, Thomas Julius, Mercy Chepkirui, George Mbevi, Jacquie Oliwa, Ambrose Agweyu, Samuel Akech, Fred Were and Mike English

Preferences for peer-reviewed versus other publication sources: a survey of general dentists in the National Dental PBRN

Medical professionals have access to a broad range of resources to address clinical information needs. While much attention is given to new sources of data such as those available on the internet, it is less c...

Authors: Julia Melkers, Diana Hicks, Kimberley R. Isett, Dorota T. Kopycka-Kedzierawski, Gregg H. Gilbert, Simone Rosenblum, Vanessa Burton, Rahma Mungia, Michael J. Melkers and George Ford

Building capacity for Public Health 3.0: introducing implementation science into an MPH curriculum

Many public health programs fail because of an inability to implement tested interventions in diverse, complex settings. The field of implementation science is engaged in developing strategies for successful i...

Authors: Rohit Ramaswamy, Joe Mosnier, Kristin Reed, Byron J. Powell and Anna P. Schenck

A randomised controlled trial of performance review and facilitated feedback to increase implementation of healthy eating and physical activity-promoting policies and practices in centre-based childcare

While it is recommended that childcare services implement policies and practices to support obesity prevention, there remains limited evidence to inform policy and practice. The aim of this study is to examine...

Authors: Meghan Finch, Fiona Stacey, Jannah Jones, Sze Lin Yoong, Alice Grady and Luke Wolfenden

Implementation capital: merging frameworks of implementation outcomes and social capital to support the use of evidence-based practices

Although there is growing recognition that the implementation of evidence-based practices is a social process, the conceptualization of social capital in implementation frameworks often conflates bonding and b...

Authors: Jennifer Watling Neal and Zachary P. Neal

Organizational culture and climate profiles: relationships with fidelity to three evidence-based practices for autism in elementary schools

Implementation researchers have typically studied organizational culture and climate by testing whether individual dimensions are linked to the implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) rather than exa...

Authors: Nathaniel J. Williams, Hannah E. Frank, Lindsay Frederick, Rinad S. Beidas, David S. Mandell, Gregory A. Aarons, Philip Green and Jill Locke

The role of scientific evidence in decisions to adopt complex innovations in cancer care settings: a multiple case study in Nova Scotia, Canada

Health care delivery and outcomes can be improved by using innovations (i.e., new ideas, technologies, and practices) supported by scientific evidence. However, scientific evidence may not be the foremost fact...

Authors: R. Urquhart, C. Kendell, L. Geldenhuys, A. Ross, M. Rajaraman, A. Folkes, L. L. Madden, V. Sullivan, D. Rayson and G. A. Porter

Correction to: Hospital organizational context and delivery of evidence-based stroke care: a cross-sectional study

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in one of the authors’ names. In this Correction the incorrect and correct author name are shown. The original article has been ...

Authors: Nadine E. Andrew, Sandy Middleton, Rohan Grimley, Craig S. Anderson, Geoffrey A. Donnan, Natasha A. Lannin, Enna Stroil-Salama, Brenda Grabsch, Monique F. Kilkenny, Janet E. Squires and Dominique A. Cadilhac

Implementation and acceptability of a heart attack quality improvement intervention in India: a mixed methods analysis of the ACS QUIK trial

The ACS QUIK trial showed that a multicomponent quality improvement toolkit intervention resulted in improvements in processes of care for patients with acute myocardial infarction in Kerala but did not improv...

Authors: Kavita Singh, Raji Devarajan, Padinhare P. Mohanan, Abigail S. Baldridge, Dimple Kondal, David E. Victorson, Kunal N. Karmali, Lihui Zhao, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Shifalika Goenka and Mark D. Huffman

Comparison of rapid vs in-depth qualitative analytic methods from a process evaluation of academic detailing in the Veterans Health Administration

It is challenging to conduct and quickly disseminate findings from in-depth qualitative analyses, which can impede timely implementation of interventions because of its time-consuming methods. To better unders...

Authors: Randall C. Gale, Justina Wu, Taryn Erhardt, Mark Bounthavong, Caitlin M. Reardon, Laura J. Damschroder and Amanda M. Midboe

Understanding professional advice networks in long-term care: an outside-inside view of best practice pathways for diffusion

Interpersonal relationships among professionals drive both the adoption and rejection of consequential innovations. Through relationships, decision-makers learn which colleagues are choosing to adopt innovatio...

Authors: Lisa A. Cranley, Janice M. Keefe, Deanne Taylor, Genevieve Thompson, Amanda M. Beacom, Janet E. Squires, Carole A. Estabrooks, James W. Dearing, Peter G. Norton and Whitney B. Berta

Study protocol: a pragmatic, stepped-wedge trial of tailored support for implementing social determinants of health documentation/action in community health centers, with realist evaluation

National leaders recommend documenting social determinants of health and actions taken to address social determinants of health in electronic health records, and a growing body of evidence suggests the health ...

Authors: Rachel Gold, Arwen Bunce, Erika Cottrell, Miguel Marino, Mary Middendorf, Stuart Cowburn, Dagan Wright, Ned Mossman, Katie Dambrun, Byron J. Powell, Inga Gruß, Laura Gottlieb, Marla Dearing, Jason Scott, Nadia Yosuf and Molly Krancari

A randomized trial of decision support for tobacco dependence treatment in an inpatient electronic medical record: clinical results

Smokers usually abstain from tobacco while hospitalized but relapse after discharge. Inpatient interventions may encourage sustained quitting. We previously demonstrated that a decision support tool embedded i...

Authors: Steven L. Bernstein, June Weiss, Michelle DeWitt, Jeanette M. Tetrault, Allen L. Hsiao, James Dziura, Scott Sussman, Ted Miller, Kelly Carpenter, Patrick O’Connor and Benjamin Toll

Barriers and facilitators of pediatric shared decision-making: a systematic review

Shared decision-making (SDM) is rarely implemented in pediatric practice. Pediatric health decision-making differs from that of adult practice. Yet, little is known about the factors that influence the impleme...

Authors: Laura Boland, Ian D. Graham, France Légaré, Krystina Lewis, Janet Jull, Allyson Shephard, Margaret L. Lawson, Alexandra Davis, Audrey Yameogo and Dawn Stacey

Hospital organizational context and delivery of evidence-based stroke care: a cross-sectional study

Organizational context is one factor influencing the translation of evidence into practice, but data pertaining to patients with acute stroke are limited. We aimed to determine the associations of organization...

Authors: Nadine E. Andrew, Sandy Middleton, Rohan Grimley, Craig S. Anderson, Geoffrey A. Donnan, Natasha A. Lannin, Enna Stroil-Salama, Brenda Grabsch, Monique F. Kilkenny, Janet E. Squires and Dominique A. Cadilhac

Protocol for evaluating the nationwide implementation of the VA Stratification Tool for Opioid Risk Management (STORM)

Mitigating the risks of adverse outcomes from opioids is critical. Thus, the Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System developed the Stratification Tool for Opioid Risk Management (STORM), a dashboard to assist ...

Authors: Matthew Chinman, Walid F. Gellad, Sharon McCarthy, Adam J. Gordon, Shari Rogal, Maria K. Mor and Leslie R. M. Hausmann

Evaluation of a targeted, theory-informed implementation intervention designed to increase uptake of emergency management recommendations regarding adult patients with mild traumatic brain injury: results of the NET cluster randomised trial

Evidence-based guidelines for management of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in the emergency department (ED) are now widely available; however, clinical practice remains inconsistent with these guidelines. ...

Authors: Marije Bosch, Joanne E. McKenzie, Jennie L. Ponsford, Simon Turner, Marisa Chau, Emma J. Tavender, Jonathan C. Knott, Russell L. Gruen, Jill J. Francis, Sue E. Brennan, Andrew Pearce, Denise A. O’Connor, Duncan Mortimer, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Jeffrey V. Rosenfeld, Susanne Meares…

Intermediary/purveyor organizations for evidence-based interventions in the US child mental health: characteristics and implementation strategies

Many psychosocial interventions are disseminated and supported by organizations, termed “Intermediary/Purveyor Organizations” (IPOs). Because IPOs remain largely unstudied, we lack understanding of their scale...

Authors: Enola Proctor, Cole Hooley, Amber Morse, Stacey McCrary, Hyunil Kim and Patricia L. Kohl

Mixed-method approaches to strengthen economic evaluations in implementation research

Guidance from economic evaluations on which implementation strategies represent the best return on investment will be critical to advancing the Triple Aim of health care: improving patient care and population ...

Authors: Alex R. Dopp, Peter Mundey, Lana O. Beasley, Jane F. Silovsky and Daniel Eisenberg