Articles

A group-based lifestyle intervention for diabetes prevention in low- and middle-income country: implementation evaluation of the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program

While several efficacy trials have demonstrated diabetes risk reduction through targeting key lifestyle behaviours, there is a significant evidence gap in relation to the successful implementation of such inte...

Authors: Zahra Aziz, Elezebeth Mathews, Pilvikki Absetz, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, John Oldroyd, Sajitha Balachandran, Suman S. Shetty, K. R. Thankappan and Brian Oldenburg

Evaluating the impact of multilevel evidence-based implementation strategies to enhance provider recommendation on human papillomavirus vaccination rates among an empaneled primary care patient population: a study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial

Each year, human papillomavirus (HPV) causes 30,000 cancers in the USA despite the availability of effective and safe vaccines. Uptake of HPV vaccine has been low and lags behind other adolescent vaccines. Thi...

Authors: Lila J. Finney Rutten, Carmen Radecki Breitkopf, Jennifer L. St. Sauver, Ivana T. Croghan, Debra J. Jacobson, Patrick M. Wilson, Jeph Herrin and Robert M. Jacobson

The effect of introducing a financial incentive to promote application of fluoride varnish in dental practice in Scotland: a natural experiment

Financial incentives are often used to influence professional practice, yet the factors which influence their effectiveness and their behavioural mechanisms are not fully understood. In keeping with clinical g...

Authors: Wendy Gnich, Andrea Sherriff, Debbie Bonetti, David I. Conway and Lorna M. D. Macpherson

Engaging primary care professionals in collaborative processes for optimising type 2 diabetes prevention practice: the PREDIAPS cluster randomised type II hybrid implementation trial

There is a lack of evidence concerning the effectiveness of different strategies to engage healthcare professionals in collaborative processes that seek to optimise clinical practice. The PREDIAPS project aims...

Authors: Alvaro Sanchez, Gonzalo Grandes, Susana Pablo, Maite Espinosa, Artemis Torres and Arturo García-Alvarez

Organizational culture and climate as moderators of enhanced outreach for persons with serious mental illness: results from a cluster-randomized trial of adaptive implementation strategies

Organizational culture and climate are considered key factors in implementation efforts but have not been examined as moderators of implementation strategy comparative effectiveness. We investigated organizati...

Authors: Shawna N. Smith, Daniel Almirall, Katherine Prenovost, David E. Goodrich, Kristen M. Abraham, Celeste Liebrecht and Amy M. Kilbourne

Pay-for-performance as a cost-effective implementation strategy: results from a cluster randomized trial

Pay-for-performance (P4P) has been recommended as a promising strategy to improve implementation of high-quality care. This study examined the incremental cost-effectiveness of a P4P strategy found to be highl...

Authors: Bryan R. Garner, Aung K. Lwin, Gail K. Strickler, Brooke D. Hunter and Donald S. Shepard

Implementation and use of computerised clinical decision support (CCDS) in emergency pre-hospital care: a qualitative study of paramedic views and experience using Strong Structuration Theory

Computerised clinical decision support (CCDS) has been shown to improve processes of care in some healthcare settings, but there is little evidence related to its use or effects in pre-hospital emergency care....

Authors: Alison Porter, Jeremy Dale, Theresa Foster, Pip Logan, Bridget Wells and Helen Snooks

Contextualization of psychological treatments for government health systems in low-resource settings: group interpersonal psychotherapy for caregivers of children with nodding syndrome in Uganda

Evidence for the effectiveness of psychological treatments in low- and middle-income countries is increasing. However, there is a lack of systematic approaches to guide implementation in government health syst...

Authors: Byamah B. Mutamba, Brandon A. Kohrt, James Okello, Janet Nakigudde, Bernard Opar, Seggane Musisi, William Bazeyo and Joop de Jong

Development and testing of the Measure of Innovation-Specific Implementation Intentions (MISII) using Rasch measurement theory

Implementation is proposed to be a multiphase, multilevel process. After a period of exploration, an adoption decision is made, typically at the upper management or policy level. Nevertheless, movement through...

Authors: Joanna C. Moullin, Mark G. Ehrhart and Gregory A. Aarons

Criteria for evaluating transferability of health interventions: a systematic review and thematic synthesis

Improving the public’s health in different countries requires the consideration of diverse health care systems and settings. For evidence-based public health, decision-makers need to consider the transferabili...

Authors: Tamara Schloemer and Peter Schröder-Bäck

Using information communication technology in models of integrated community-based primary health care: learning from the iCOACH case studies

Information communication technology (ICT) is a critical enabler of integrated models of community-based primary health care; however, little is known about how existing technologies have been used to support new

Authors: Carolyn Steele Gray, Jan Barnsley, Dominique Gagnon, Louise Belzile, Tim Kenealy, James Shaw, Nicolette Sheridan, Paul Wankah Nji and Walter P. Wodchis

The GUIDES checklist: development of a tool to improve the successful use of guideline-based computerised clinical decision support

Computerised decision support (CDS) based on trustworthy clinical guidelines is a key component of a learning healthcare system. Research shows that the effectiveness of CDS is mixed.

Authors: Stijn Van de Velde, Ilkka Kunnamo, Pavel Roshanov, Tiina Kortteisto, Bert Aertgeerts, Per Olav Vandvik and Signe Flottorp

Linking molar organizational climate and strategic implementation climate to clinicians’ use of evidence-based psychotherapy techniques: cross-sectional and lagged analyses from a 2-year observational study

Behavioral health organizations are characterized by multiple organizational climates, including molar climate, which encompasses clinicians’ shared perceptions of how the work environment impacts their person...

Authors: Nathaniel J. Williams, Mark G. Ehrhart, Gregory A. Aarons, Steven C. Marcus and Rinad S. Beidas

Enhancing the uptake of systematic reviews of effects: what is the best format for health care managers and policy-makers? A mixed-methods study

Systematic reviews are infrequently used by health care managers (HCMs) and policy-makers (PMs) in decision-making. HCMs and PMs co-developed and tested novel systematic review of effects formats to increase t...

Authors: Christine Marquez, Alekhya Mascarenhas Johnson, Sabrina Jassemi, Jamie Park, Julia E. Moore, Caroline Blaine, Gertrude Bourdon, Mark Chignell, Moriah E. Ellen, Jacques Fortin, Ian D. Graham, Anne Hayes, Jemila Hamid, Brenda Hemmelgarn, Michael Hillmer, Bev Holmes…

Sustaining alcohol and opioid use disorder treatment in primary care: a mixed methods study

Efforts to integrate substance use disorder treatment into primary care settings are growing. Little is known about how well primary care settings can sustain treatment delivery to address substance use follow...

Authors: Sarah B. Hunter, Allison J. Ober, Colleen M. McCullough, Erik D. Storholm, Praise O. Iyiewuare, Chau Pham and Katherine E. Watkins

Correction to: barriers and facilitators for the management of vertigo: a qualitative study with primary care providers

After publication of the original article [1] it was brought to the authors’ attention that a sentence was missing in the acknowledgement section. The full acknowledgement is included in this Correction article:

Authors: Anna-Janina Stephan, Eva Kovacs, Amanda Phillips, Jörg Schelling, Susanne Marlene Ulrich and Eva Grill

Adapting clinical practice guidelines for diabetic retinopathy in Kenya: process and outputs

The use of clinical practice guidelines envisages augmenting quality and best practice in clinical outcomes. Generic guidelines that are not adapted for local use often fail to produce these outcomes. Adaptati...

Authors: Nyawira Mwangi, Muchai Gachago, Michael Gichangi, Stephen Gichuhi, Kibata Githeko, Atieno Jalango, Jefitha Karimurio, Joseph Kibachio, Lawrence Muthami, Nancy Ngugi, Carmichael Nduri, Patrick Nyaga, Joseph Nyamori, Alain Nazaire Mbongo Zindamoyen, Covadonga Bascaran and Allen Foster

Using Normalization Process Theory in feasibility studies and process evaluations of complex healthcare interventions: a systematic review

Normalization Process Theory (NPT) identifies, characterises and explains key mechanisms that promote and inhibit the implementation, embedding and integration of new health techniques, technologies and other ...

Authors: Carl R. May, Amanda Cummings, Melissa Girling, Mike Bracher, Frances S. Mair, Christine M. May, Elizabeth Murray, Michelle Myall, Tim Rapley and Tracy Finch

How do clinicians use implementation tools to apply breast cancer screening guidelines to practice?

Implementation tools (iTools) may enhance uptake of guidelines. However, little evidence exists on their use by primary care clinicians. This study explored which iTools clinicians used and how often; how sati...

Authors: Heather Armson, Stefanie Roder, Tom Elmslie, Sobia Khan and Sharon E. Straus

Assessing the reliability and validity of the Danish version of Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change (ORIC)

Organizational change initiatives in health care frequently achieve only partial implementation success. Understanding an organizational readiness for change (ORC) may be a way to develop more effective and ef...

Authors: Marie Höjriis Storkholm, Pamela Mazzocato, Mesfin Kassaye Tessma and Carl Savage

The dynamic influence of human resources on evidence-based intervention sustainability and population outcomes: an agent-based modeling approach

Sustaining evidence-based interventions (EBIs) is an ongoing challenge for dissemination and implementation science in public health and social services. Characterizing the relationship among human resource ca...

Authors: Virginia R. McKay, Lee D. Hoffer, Todd B. Combs and M. Margaret Dolcini

“I had to somehow still be flexible”: exploring adaptations during implementation of brief cognitive behavioral therapy in primary care

Primary care clinics present challenges to implementing evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) for depression and anxiety, and frontline providers infrequently adopt these treatments. The current study explored...

Authors: Joseph Mignogna, Lindsey Ann Martin, Juliette Harik, Natalie E. Hundt, Michael Kauth, Aanand D. Naik, Kristen Sorocco, Justin Benzer and Jeffrey Cully

How are evidence and knowledge used in orthopaedic decision-making? Three comparative case studies of different approaches to implementation of clinical guidance in practice

The uptake and use of clinical guidelines is often insufficient to change clinical behaviour and reduce variation in practice. As a consequence of diverse organisational contexts, the simple provision of guide...

Authors: Amy Grove, Aileen Clarke and Graeme Currie

Implementation of a community-based intervention in the most rural and remote districts of Zambia: a process evaluation of safe motherhood action groups

A community-based intervention known as Safe Motherhood Action Groups (SMAGs) was implemented to increase coverage of maternal and neonatal health (MNH) services among the poorest and most remote populations i...

Authors: Choolwe Jacobs, Charles Michelo and Mosa Moshabela

Mental models of audit and feedback in primary care settings

Audit and feedback has been shown to be instrumental in improving quality of care, particularly in outpatient settings. The mental model individuals and organizations hold regarding audit and feedback can mode...

Authors: Sylvia J. Hysong, Kristen Smitham, Richard SoRelle, Amber Amspoker, Ashley M. Hughes and Paul Haidet

The advantages and limitations of guideline adaptation frameworks

The implementation of evidence-based guidelines can improve clinical and public health outcomes by helping health professionals practice in the most effective manner, as well as assisting policy-makers in desi...

Authors: Zhicheng Wang, Susan L. Norris and Lisa Bero

Standardizing an approach to the evaluation of implementation science proposals

The fields of implementation and improvement sciences have experienced rapid growth in recent years. However, research that seeks to inform health care change may have difficulty translating core components of...

Authors: Erika L. Crable, Dea Biancarelli, Allan J. Walkey, Caitlin G. Allen, Enola K. Proctor and Mari-Lynn Drainoni

Community health worker support to improve HIV treatment outcomes for older children and adolescents in Zimbabwe: a process evaluation of the ZENITH trial

Community health worker (CHW)-delivered support visits to children living with HIV and their caregivers significantly reduced odds of virological failure among the children in the ZENITH trial conducted in Zim...

Authors: Chido Dziva Chikwari, Victoria Simms, Joanna Busza, Ethel Dauya, Tsitsi Bandason, Prosper Chonzi, Shungu Munyati, Hilda Mujuru and Rashida A. Ferrand

Leveraging routine clinical materials and mobile technology to assess CBT fidelity: the Innovative Methods to Assess Psychotherapy Practices (imAPP) study

Identifying scalable strategies for assessing fidelity is a key challenge in implementation science. However, for psychosocial interventions, the existing, reliable ways to test treatment fidelity quality are ...

Authors: Shannon Wiltsey Stirman, Luana Marques, Torrey A. Creed, Cassidy A. Gutner, Robert DeRubeis, Paul G. Barnett, Eric Kuhn, Michael Suvak, Jason Owen, Dawne Vogt, Booil Jo, Sonja Schoenwald, Clara Johnson, Kera Mallard, Matthew Beristianos and Heidi La Bash

A methodology for generating a tailored implementation blueprint: an exemplar from a youth residential setting

Tailored implementation approaches are touted as more likely to support the integration of evidence-based practices. However, to our knowledge, few methodologies for tailoring implementations exist. This manus...

Authors: Cara C. Lewis, Kelli Scott and Brigid R. Marriott

Empirical and conceptual investigation of de-implementation of low-value care from professional and health care system perspectives: a study protocol

A considerable proportion of interventions provided to patients lacks evidence of their effectiveness. This implies that patients may receive ineffective, unnecessary, or even harmful care. Thus, in addition t...

Authors: Henna Hasson, Per Nilsen, Hanna Augustsson and Ulrica von Thiele Schwarz

Effectiveness of a multi-level implementation strategy for ASD interventions: study protocol for two linked cluster randomized trials

The Centers for Disease Control (2018) estimates that 1 in 59 children has autism spectrum disorder, and the annual cost of ASD in the U.S. is estimated to be $236 billion. Evidence-based interventions have be...

Authors: Lauren Brookman-Frazee and Aubyn C. Stahmer

Cluster randomised controlled trial of a theory-based multiple behaviour change intervention aimed at healthcare professionals to improve their management of type 2 diabetes in primary care

National diabetes audits in the UK show room for improvement in the quality of care delivered to people with type 2 diabetes in primary care. Systematic reviews of quality improvement interventions show that s...

Authors: Justin Presseau, Joan Mackintosh, Gillian Hawthorne, Jill J. Francis, Marie Johnston, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Nick Steen, Tom Coulthard, Heather Brown, Eileen Kaner, Marko Elovainio and Falko F. Sniehotta

Correction to: Updated clinical guidelines experience major reporting limitations

After publication of the original article [1] it was brought to our attention that author Laura Hidalgo Armas was incorrectly included as Laura Hildago Armas.

Authors: Robin W. M. Vernooij, Laura Martínez García, Ivan Dario Florez, Laura Hidalgo Armas, Michiel H. F. Poorthuis, Melissa Brouwers and Pablo Alonso-Coello

Evaluation of the “Foundations in Knowledge Translation” training initiative: preparing end users to practice KT

Current knowledge translation (KT) training initiatives are primarily focused on preparing researchers to conduct KT research rather than on teaching KT practice to end users. Furthermore, training initiatives...

Authors: Jamie S. Park, Julia E. Moore, Radha Sayal, Bev J. Holmes, Gayle Scarrow, Ian D. Graham, Lianne Jeffs, Caitlyn Timmings, Shusmita Rashid, Alekhya Mascarenhas Johnson and Sharon E. Straus

Associations among unit leadership and unit climates for implementation in acute care: a cross-sectional study

Nurse managers have a pivotal role in fostering unit climates supportive of implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs) in care delivery. EBP leadership behaviors and competencies of nurse managers and their ...

Authors: Clayton J. Shuman, Xuefeng Liu, Michelle L. Aebersold, Dana Tschannen, Jane Banaszak-Holl and Marita G. Titler

A new scale for the evaluation of clinical practice guidelines applicability: development and appraisal

This study aimed to develop the clinical practice guidelines applicability evaluation (CPGAE-V1.0) scale and to evaluate its validity and reliability.

Authors: Hui Li, Runsheng Xie, Yangyang Wang, Xiuli Xie, Jingwen Deng and Chuanjian Lu

Implementation of evidence-based weekend service recommendations for allied health managers: a cluster randomised controlled trial protocol

It is widely acknowledged that health policy and practice do not always reflect current research evidence. Whether knowledge transfer from research to practice is more successful when specific implementation a...

Authors: Mitchell N. Sarkies, Jennifer White, Meg E. Morris, Nicholas F. Taylor, Cylie Williams, Lisa O’Brien, Jenny Martin, Anne Bardoel, Anne E. Holland, Leeanne Carey, Elizabeth H. Skinner, Kelly-Ann Bowles, Kellie Grant, Kathleen Philip and Terry P. Haines

Correction to: Exploring multi-level system factors facilitating educator training and implementation of evidence-based practices (EBP): a study protocol

After publication of the original article [1] it was brought to our attention that author Elizabeth McGhee Hassrick was erroneously included as Elizabeth McGee Hassrick. The correct spelling of the author’s na...

Authors: Aubyn C. Stahmer, Jessica Suhrheinrich, Patricia L. Schetter and Elizabeth McGhee Hassrick

Supporting teams to optimize function and independence in Veterans: a multi-study program and mixed methods protocol

Successful implementation of new clinical programs depends on effectively establishing, reorganizing, or enhancing team structures and processes to coordinate the work of individuals who are interdependent in ...

Authors: Virginia Wang, Kelli Allen, Courtney H. Van Houtven, Cynthia Coffman, Nina Sperber, Elizabeth P. Mahanna, Cathleen Colón-Emeric, Helen Hoenig, George L. Jackson, Teresa M. Damush, Erika Price and Susan N. Hastings

Why is announcement training more effective than conversation training for introducing HPV vaccination? A theory-based investigation

Improving healthcare providers’ communication about HPV vaccination is critical to increasing uptake. We previously demonstrated that training providers to use presumptive announcements to introduce HPV vaccin...

Authors: Teri L. Malo, Megan E. Hall, Noel T. Brewer, Christine R. Lathren and Melissa B. Gilkey

Correction to: Engaging policy-makers, health system managers, and policy analysts in the knowledge synthesis process: a scoping review

Following the publication of the original article [1], it was brought to our attention that the letter ‘l’ was unfortunately omitted from the word ‘health’ in the article’s title.

Authors: Andrea C. Tricco, Wasifa Zarin, Patricia Rios, Vera Nincic, Paul A. Khan, Marco Ghassemi, Sanober Diaz, Ba’ Pham, Sharon E. Straus and Etienne V. Langlois

Impact of patient involvement on clinical practice guideline development: a parallel group study

Patient and public involvement (PPI) is recognized as a key component of clinical practice guideline development with important implications for guideline implementability. The impact of PPI on guidelines, how...

Authors: Melissa J. Armstrong, C. Daniel Mullins, Gary S. Gronseth and Anna R. Gagliardi

To fill or not to fill: a qualitative cross-country study on dentists’ decisions in managing non-cavitated proximal caries lesions

This study aimed to identify barriers and enablers for dentists managing non-cavitated proximal caries lesions using non- or micro-invasive (NI/MI) approaches rather than invasive and restorative methods in Ne...

Authors: F. Schwendicke, L. A. Foster Page, L. A. Smith, M. Fontana, W. M. Thomson and S. R. Baker

An integrated community health worker intervention in rural Nepal: a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation study protocol

Evidence-based medicines, technologies, and protocols exist to prevent many of the annual 300,000 maternal, 2.7 million neonatal, and 9 million child deaths, but they are not being effectively implemented and ...

Authors: Sheela Maru, Isha Nirola, Aradhana Thapa, Poshan Thapa, Lal Kunwar, Wan-Ju Wu, Scott Halliday, David Citrin, Ryan Schwarz, Indira Basnett, Naresh KC, Khem Karki, Pushpa Chaudhari and Duncan Maru

Developing measures to assess constructs from the Inner Setting domain of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research

Scientists and practitioners alike need reliable, valid measures of contextual factors that influence implementation. Yet, few existing measures demonstrate reliability or validity. To meet this need, we devel...

Authors: Maria E. Fernandez, Timothy J. Walker, Bryan J. Weiner, William A. Calo, Shuting Liang, Betsy Risendal, Daniela B. Friedman, Shin Ping Tu, Rebecca S. Williams, Sara Jacobs, Alison K. Herrmann and Michelle C. Kegler

Evaluation of a program for routine implementation of shared decision-making in cancer care: study protocol of a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial

Shared decision-making (SDM) has become increasingly important in health care. However, despite scientific evidence, effective implementation strategies, and a prominent position on the health policy agenda, S...

Authors: Isabelle Scholl, Pola Hahlweg, Anja Lindig, Carsten Bokemeyer, Anja Coym, Henning Hanken, Volkmar Müller, Ralf Smeets, Isabell Witzel, Levente Kriston and Martin Härter

Factors associated with the use of cognitive aids in operating room crises: a cross-sectional study of US hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers

Operating room (OR) crises are high-acuity events requiring rapid, coordinated management. Medical judgment and decision-making can be compromised in stressful situations, and clinicians may not experience a c...

Authors: Shehnaz Alidina, Sara N. Goldhaber-Fiebert, Alexander A. Hannenberg, David L. Hepner, Sara J. Singer, Bridget A. Neville, James R. Sachetta, Stuart R. Lipsitz and William R. Berry

Toward optimal implementation of cancer prevention and control programs in public health: a study protocol on mis-implementation

Much of the cancer burden in the USA is preventable, through application of existing knowledge. State-level funders and public health practitioners are in ideal positions to affect programs and policies relate...

Authors: Margaret Padek, Peg Allen, Paul C. Erwin, Melissa Franco, Ross A. Hammond, Benjamin Heuberger, Matt Kasman, Doug A. Luke, Stephanie Mazzucca, Sarah Moreland-Russell and Ross C. Brownson

Proceedings of the Fourth Biennial Conference of the Society for Implementation Research Collaboration (SIRC) 2017: implementation mechanisms: what makes implementation work and why? part 1

Authors: Cara C. Lewis, Cameo Stanick, Aaron Lyon, Doyanne Darnell, Jill Locke, Ajeng Puspitasari, Brigid R. Marriott, Caitlin N. Dorsey, Madeline Larson, Carrie Jackson, Jordan Thayer, Callie Walsh Bailey, Rebecca Lengnick-Hall, Shannon Dorsey and Sara J. Landes