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  1. Content type: Short report

    Theories provide a synthesizing architecture for implementation science. The underuse, superficial use, and misuse of theories pose a substantial scientific challenge for implementation science and may relate ...

    Authors: Sarah A. Birken, Byron J. Powell, Christopher M. Shea, Emily R. Haines, M. Alexis Kirk, Jennifer Leeman, Catherine Rohweder, Laura Damschroder and Justin Presseau

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:124

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  2. Content type: Study protocol

    Adapting promising health care interventions to local settings is a critical component in the dissemination and implementation process. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) rural transitions nurse program ...

    Authors: Chelsea Leonard, Emily Lawrence, Marina McCreight, Brandi Lippmann, Lynette Kelley, Ashlea Mayberry, Amy Ladebue, Heather Gilmartin, Murray J. Côté, Jacqueline Jones, Borsika A. Rabin, P. Michael Ho and Robert Burke

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:123

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  3. Content type: Study protocol

    Behaviour change is key to addressing both the challenges facing human health and wellbeing and to promoting the uptake of research findings in health policy and practice. We need to make better use of the vas...

    Authors: Susan Michie, James Thomas, Marie Johnston, Pol Mac Aonghusa, John Shawe-Taylor, Michael P. Kelly, Léa A. Deleris, Ailbhe N. Finnerty, Marta M. Marques, Emma Norris, Alison O’Mara-Eves and Robert West

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:121

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  4. Content type: Study protocol

    The rates of diabetes and prediabetes in the USA are growing, significantly impacting the quality and length of life of those diagnosed and financially burdening society. Premature death and disability can be ...

    Authors: Renee G. Parks, Rachel G. Tabak, Peg Allen, Elizabeth A. Baker, Katherine A. Stamatakis, Allison R. Poehler, Yan Yan, Marshall H. Chin, Jenine K. Harris, Maureen Dobbins and Ross C. Brownson

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:122

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  5. Content type: Research

    The Checklist for the Reporting of Updated Guidelines (CheckUp) was recently developed. However, so far, no systematic assessment of the reporting of updated clinical guidelines (CGs) exists. We aimed to exami...

    Authors: Robin W.M. Vernooij, Laura Martínez García, Ivan Dario Florez, Laura Hildago Armas, Michiel H.F. Poorthuis, Melissa Brouwers and Pablo Alonso-Coello

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:120

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    The Correction to this article has been published in Implementation Science 2018 13:64

  6. Content type: Systematic review

    In health, organizational participatory research (OPR) refers to health organization members participating in research decisions, with university researchers, throughout a study. This non-academic partner cont...

    Authors: Paula L. Bush, Pierre Pluye, Christine Loignon, Vera Granikov, Michael T. Wright, Jean-François Pelletier, Gillian Bartlett-Esquilant, Ann C. Macaulay, Jeannie Haggerty, Sharon Parry and Carol Repchinsky

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:119

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  7. Content type: Short report

    Advancing implementation research and practice requires valid and reliable measures of implementation determinants, mechanisms, processes, strategies, and outcomes. However, researchers and implementation stak...

    Authors: Byron J. Powell, Cameo F. Stanick, Heather M. Halko, Caitlin N. Dorsey, Bryan J. Weiner, Melanie A. Barwick, Laura J. Damschroder, Michel Wensing, Luke Wolfenden and Cara C. Lewis

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:118

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  8. Content type: Research

    Audit and feedback (A&F) is a common strategy for helping health providers to implement evidence into practice. Despite being extensively studied, health care A&F interventions remain variably effective, with ...

    Authors: Heather L. Colquhoun, Kelly Carroll, Kevin W. Eva, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Noah Ivers, Susan Michie, Anne Sales and Jamie C. Brehaut

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:117

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  9. Content type: Study protocol

    Health systems worldwide struggle to identify, adopt, and implement in a timely and system-wide manner the best—evidence-informed—policy-level practices. Yet, there is still only limited evidence about individ...

    Authors: Damien Contandriopoulos, François Benoît, Denise Bryant-Lukosius, Annie Carrier, Nancy Carter, Raisa Deber, Arnaud Duhoux, Trisha Greenhalgh, Catherine Larouche, Bernard-Simon Leclerc, Adrian Levy, Ruth Martin-Misener, Katerina Maximova, Kimberlyn McGrail, Candace Nykiforuk, Noralou Roos…

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:116

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  10. Content type: Research

    Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be seen as failure to meet recommended targets for management of key risk factors including glycaemic control, blood pressure and lipids. Poor control of r...

    Authors: Mark E. Murphy, Molly Byrne, Atieh Zarabzadeh, Derek Corrigan, Tom Fahey and Susan M. Smith

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:115

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  11. Content type: Research

    Advanced Computerized Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) assist clinicians in their decision-making process, generating recommendations based on up-to-date scientific evidence. Although this technology has the p...

    Authors: Elisa G. Liberati, Francesca Ruggiero, Laura Galuppo, Mara Gorli, Marien González-Lorenzo, Marco Maraldi, Pietro Ruggieri, Hernan Polo Friz, Giuseppe Scaratti, Koren H. Kwag, Roberto Vespignani and Lorenzo Moja

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:113

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  12. Content type: Research

    Indigenous smoking rates are up to 80% among pregnant women: prevalence among pregnant Australian Indigenous women was 45% in 2014, contributing significantly to the health gap for Indigenous Australians. We a...

    Authors: Gillian S. Gould, Yael Bar-Zeev, Michelle Bovill, Lou Atkins, Maree Gruppetta, Marilyn J Clarke and Billie Bonevski

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:114

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  13. Content type: Research

    Knowledge produced through applied health research is often of a form not readily accessible to or actionable by policymakers and practitioners, which hinders its implementation. Our aim was to identify resear...

    Authors: Sonya Crowe, Simon Turner, Martin Utley and Naomi J. Fulop

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:112

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  14. Content type: Debate

    Implementing treatments and interventions with demonstrated effectiveness is critical for improving patient health outcomes at a reduced cost. When an evidence-based intervention (EBI) is implemented with fide...

    Authors: Gregory A. Aarons, Marisa Sklar, Brian Mustanski, Nanette Benbow and C. Hendricks Brown

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:111

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  15. Content type: Research

    Veterans Health Affairs (VA) home-based primary care (HBPC) is an evidence-based interdisciplinary approach to non-institutional long-term care that was developed in urban settings to provide longitudinal care...

    Authors: B. Josea Kramer, Sarah D. Cote, Diane I. Lee, Beth Creekmur and Debra Saliba

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:109

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  16. Content type: Research

    Understanding sustainability is one of the significant implementation science challenges. One of the big challenges in researching sustainability is the lack of consistent definitions in the literature. Most i...

    Authors: Julia E. Moore, Alekhya Mascarenhas, Julie Bain and Sharon E. Straus

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:110

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  17. Content type: Research

    Implementation outcome measures are essential for monitoring and evaluating the success of implementation efforts. Yet, currently available measures lack conceptual clarity and have largely unknown reliability...

    Authors: Bryan J. Weiner, Cara C. Lewis, Cameo Stanick, Byron J. Powell, Caitlin N. Dorsey, Alecia S. Clary, Marcella H. Boynton and Heather Halko

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:108

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  18. Content type: Systematic review

    It is increasingly acknowledged that differentiated care models hold potential to manage large volumes of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Various group-based models of ART service delivery aimed at d...

    Authors: Ferdinand C. Mukumbang, Sara Van Belle, Bruno Marchal and Brian van Wyk

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:107

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  19. Content type: Research

    Theories, models, and frameworks used by implementation science, including Diffusion of Innovations, tend to focus on the adoption of one innovation, when often organizations may be facing multiple simultaneou...

    Authors: Isomi M. Miake-Lye, Emmeline Chuang, Hector P. Rodriguez, Gerald F. Kominski, Elizabeth M. Yano and Stephen M. Shortell

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:106

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  20. Content type: Research

    Although clinical guidelines recommend the provision of care to reduce client chronic disease risk behaviours, such care is provided sub-optimally by primary healthcare providers. A study was undertaken to det...

    Authors: John Wiggers, Kathleen McElwaine, Megan Freund, Libby Campbell, Jenny Bowman, Paula Wye, Luke Wolfenden, Danika Tremain, Daniel Barker, Carolyn Slattery, Karen Gillham and Kate Bartlem

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:105

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  21. Content type: Debate

    While dissemination and implementation (D&I) science has grown rapidly, there is an ongoing need to understand how to build and sustain capacity in individuals and institutions conducting research. There are t...

    Authors: Ross C. Brownson, Enola K. Proctor, Douglas A. Luke, Ana A. Baumann, Mackenzie Staub, Matthew T. Brown and Mallory Johnson

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:104

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  22. Content type: Study protocol

    Substance misuse is now encountered in settings beyond addiction specialty care, with schools a point-of-contact for student access to behavioral health services. Marijuana is a leading impetus for adolescent ...

    Authors: Bryan Hartzler, Aaron R. Lyon, Denise D. Walker, Lauren Matthews, Kevin M. King and Kathryn E. McCollister

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:103

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  23. Content type: Systematic review

    The global response to HIV has started over 18 million persons on life-saving antiretroviral therapy (ART)—the vast majority in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC)—yet substantial gaps remain: up to 40% of...

    Authors: Matthew D. Hickey, Thomas A. Odeny, Maya Petersen, Torsten B. Neilands, Nancy Padian, Nathan Ford, Zachary Matthay, David Hoos, Meg Doherty, Chris Beryer, Stefan Baral and Elvin H. Geng

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:102

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  25. Content type: Research

    Engaging stakeholders from varied organizational levels is essential to successful healthcare quality improvement. However, engagement has been hard to achieve and to measure across diverse stakeholders. Furth...

    Authors: Jill M. Norris, Deborah E. White, Lorelli Nowell, Kelly Mrklas and Henry T. Stelfox

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:98

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  26. Content type: Research

    The Stroke Canada Optimization of Rehabilitation by Evidence-Implementation Trial (SCORE-IT) showed that a facilitated knowledge translation (KT) approach to implementing a stroke rehabilitation guideline was ...

    Authors: Nancy M. Salbach, Sharon Wood-Dauphinee, Johanne Desrosiers, Janice J. Eng, Ian D. Graham, Susan B. Jaglal, Nicol Korner-Bitensky, Marilyn MacKay-Lyons, Nancy E. Mayo, Carol L. Richards, Robert W. Teasell, Merrick Zwarenstein and Mark T. Bayley

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:100

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  27. Content type: Study protocol

    Multimorbidity, defined as the presence of at least two chronic conditions, becomes increasingly common in older people and is associated with poorer health outcomes and significant polypharmacy. The National ...

    Authors: Caroline McCarthy, Barbara Clyne, Derek Corrigan, Fiona Boland, Emma Wallace, Frank Moriarty, Tom Fahey, Carmel Hughes, Paddy Gillespie and Susan M. Smith

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:99

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  28. Content type: Research

    A recent review of frameworks used in dissemination and implementation (D&I) science described 61 judged to be related either to dissemination, implementation, or both. The current use of these frameworks and ...

    Authors: Ted A. Skolarus, Todd Lehmann, Rachel G. Tabak, Jenine Harris, Jesse Lecy and Anne E. Sales

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:97

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  29. Content type: Research

    The knowledge exchange literature suggests that policy dialogues are intended to enhance short-, medium- and long-term capacities of individuals, organizations and health systems to use evidence to inform poli...

    Authors: Gillian Mulvale, Samantha A. McRae and Sandra Milicic

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:96

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  30. Content type: Research

    Feedback is widely used as a strategy to improve the quality of care in primary care settings. As part of a study conducted to explore the quality of preventive care, we investigated general practitioners’ (GP...

    Authors: Paul Sebo, Hubert Maisonneuve, Jean-Pascal Fournier, Nicolas Senn and Dagmar M. Haller

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:95

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  31. Content type: Research

    The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is an effective lifestyle intervention to reduce incidence of type 2 diabetes. However, there are gaps in knowledge about how to implement DPP. The aim of this study was t...

    Authors: Laura J. Damschroder, Caitlin M. Reardon, Mona AuYoung, Tannaz Moin, Santanu K. Datta, Jordan B. Sparks, Matthew L. Maciejewski, Nanette I. Steinle, Jane E. Weinreb, Maria Hughes, Lillian F. Pinault, Xinran M. Xiang, Charles Billington and Caroline R. Richardson

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:94

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  32. Content type: Research

    While some research training programs have considered the importance of mentoring in inspiring professionals to engage in translational research, most evaluations emphasize outcomes specific to academic produc...

    Authors: Julie A. Baldwin, Heather J. Williamson, Emery R. Eaves, Bruce L. Levin, Donna L. Burton and Oliver T. Massey

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:92

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  33. Content type: Systematic review

    Some outcomes for children with mental health problems remain suboptimal because of poor access to care and the failure of systems and providers to adopt established quality improvement strategies and interven...

    Authors: Valerie L. Forman-Hoffman, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Joni L. McKeeman, Leyla F. Stambaugh, Robert B. Christian, Bradley N. Gaynes, Heather Lynne Kane, Leila C. Kahwati, Kathleen N. Lohr and Meera Viswanathan

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:93

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  34. Content type: Research

    Improving mechanisms for knowledge translation (KT) and connecting decision-makers to each other and the information and evidence they consider relevant to their work remains a priority for public health. Virt...

    Authors: Ruth Ponsford, Jennifer Ford, Helena Korjonen, Emma Hughes, Asha Keswani, Triantafyllos Pliakas and Matt Egan

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:91

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  35. Content type: Study protocol

    Despite the potential to reach at-risk children in childcare, there is a significant gap between current practices and evidence-based obesity prevention in this setting. There are few investigations of the imp...

    Authors: Taren Swindle, Susan L. Johnson, Leanne Whiteside-Mansell and Geoffrey M. Curran

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:90

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  36. Content type: Research

    Quality improvement is a recommended strategy to improve implementation levels for evidence-based essential interventions, but experience of and evidence for its effects in low-resource settings are limited. W...

    Authors: P Waiswa, F Manzi, G Mbaruku, A. K. Rowe, M Marx, G Tomson, T Marchant, B. A. Willey, J Schellenberg, S Peterson and C Hanson

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:89

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  37. Content type: Research

    Theoretical frameworks and models based on behaviour change theories are increasingly used in the development of implementation interventions. Development of an implementation intervention is often based on th...

    Authors: Louise E. Craig, Natalie Taylor, Rohan Grimley, Dominique A. Cadilhac, Elizabeth McInnes, Rosemary Phillips, Simeon Dale, Denise O’Connor, Chris Levi, Mark Fitzgerald, Julie Considine, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Richard Gerraty, N. Wah Cheung, Jeanette Ward and Sandy Middleton

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:88

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  38. Content type: Study protocol

    Audit and feedback (AF) interventions that leverage routine administrative data offer a scalable and relatively low-cost method to improve processes of care. AF interventions are usually designed to highlight ...

    Authors: Noah M. Ivers, Laura Desveaux, Justin Presseau, Catherine Reis, Holly O. Witteman, Monica K. Taljaard, Nicola McCleary, Kednapa Thavorn and Jeremy M. Grimshaw

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:86

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  39. Content type: Research

    Patients on chronic warfarin therapy require regular laboratory monitoring to safely manage warfarin. Recent studies have challenged the need for routine monthly blood draws in the most stable warfarin-treated...

    Authors: Geoffrey D. Barnes, Sevan Misirliyan, Scott Kaatz, Elizabeth A. Jackson, Brian Haymart, Eva Kline-Rogers, Jay Kozlowski, Gregory Krol, James B. Froehlich and Anne Sales

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:87

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  40. Content type: Study protocol

    Vital signs are the primary indicator of physiological status and for determining the need for urgent clinical treatment. Yet, if physiological signs of deterioration are missed, misinterpreted or mismanaged, ...

    Authors: Tracey K. Bucknall, Gill Harvey, Julie Considine, Imogen Mitchell, Jo Rycroft-Malone, Ian D. Graham, Mohammadreza Mohebbi, Jennifer Watts and Alison M. Hutchinson

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:85

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  41. Content type: Study protocol

    Blood for transfusion is a frequently used clinical intervention, and is also a costly and limited resource with risks. Many transfusions are given to stable and non-bleeding patients despite no clear evidence...

    Authors: Suzanne Hartley, Robbie Foy, Rebecca E. A. Walwyn, Robert Cicero, Amanda J. Farrin, Jill J. Francis, Fabiana Lorencatto, Natalie J. Gould, John Grant-Casey, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Liz Glidewell, Susan Michie, Stephen Morris and Simon J. Stanworth

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:84

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  42. Content type: Study protocol

    Evidence-based decision-making and practice are pivotal in public health. However, barriers do persist and they relate to evidence properties, organisations and contexts. To address these major knowledge trans...

    Authors: Linda Cambon, Audrey Petit, Valery Ridde, Christian Dagenais, Marion Porcherie, Jeanine Pommier, Chrisine Ferron, Laetitia Minary and François Alla

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:83

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  43. Content type: Study protocol

    Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) impact patients’ lives through prolonged hospitalization, morbidity, and death, resulting in significant costs to both health systems and society. Central line-associate...

    Authors: Ann Scheck McAlearney, Jennifer L. Hefner, Cynthia J. Sieck, Daniel M. Walker, Alison M. Aldrich, Lindsey N. Sova, Alice A. Gaughan, Caitlin M. Slevin, Courtney Hebert, Erinn Hade, Jacalyn Buck, Michele Grove and Timothy R. Huerta

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:82

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  44. Content type: Study protocol

    A large proportion of the US population has limited access to mental health treatments because insurance providers limit the utilization of mental health services in ways that are more restrictive than for phy...

    Authors: Jonathan Purtle, Félice Lê-Scherban, Paul Shattuck, Enola K. Proctor and Ross C. Brownson

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:81

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  45. Content type: Short report

    Using opinion leaders to accelerate the dissemination of evidence-based public health practices is a promising strategy for closing the gap between evidence and practice. Network interventions (using social ne...

    Authors: Thomas A. Odeny, Maya Petersen, Charles T. Muga, Jayne Lewis-Kulzer, Elizabeth A. Bukusi and Elvin H. Geng

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:80

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  46. Content type: Research

    Missed evidence-based monitoring in high-risk conditions (e.g., cancer) leads to delayed diagnosis. Current technological solutions fail to close this safety gap. In response, we aim to demonstrate a novel met...

    Authors: Kathryn M. McDonald, George Su, Sarah Lisker, Emily S. Patterson and Urmimala Sarkar

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:79

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  47. Content type: Debate

    The vision of transforming health systems into learning health systems (LHSs) that rapidly and continuously transform knowledge into improved health outcomes at lower cost is generating increased interest in gove...

    Authors: Lysanne Lessard, Wojtek Michalowski, Michael Fung-Kee-Fung, Lori Jones and Agnes Grudniewicz

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:78

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  48. Content type: Systematic review

    Researchers, healthcare planners, and policymakers convey a sense of urgency in using eMental healthcare technologies to improve pediatric mental healthcare availability and access. Yet, different stakeholders...

    Authors: Nicole D. Gehring, Patrick McGrath, Lori Wozney, Amir Soleimani, Kathryn Bennett, Lisa Hartling, Anna Huguet, Michele P. Dyson and Amanda S. Newton

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:76

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  49. Content type: Methodology

    Implementing new practices requires changes in the behaviour of relevant actors, and this is facilitated by understanding of the determinants of current and desired behaviours. The Theoretical Domains Framewor...

    Authors: Lou Atkins, Jill Francis, Rafat Islam, Denise O’Connor, Andrea Patey, Noah Ivers, Robbie Foy, Eilidh M. Duncan, Heather Colquhoun, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Rebecca Lawton and Susan Michie

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:77

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  50. Content type: Research

    Implementation support models are increasingly being used to enhance the delivery of evidence-based treatments (EBTs) in routine care settings. Little is known about the extent to which these models lead to co...

    Authors: Sarah B. Hunter, Bing Han, Mary E. Slaughter, Susan H. Godley and Bryan R. Garner

    Citation: Implementation Science 2017 12:75

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Implementation Science

ISSN: 1748-5908