Articles

Validation and refinement of the Stakeholder-driven Community Diffusion Survey for childhood obesity prevention

Whole-of-community interventions hold promise in addressing childhood obesity. The COMPACT Stakeholder-driven Community Diffusion theory posits that stakeholders’ knowledge of childhood obesity prevention effo...

Authors: Ariella R. Korn, Julia Appel, Ross A. Hammond, Erin Hennessy, Louise C. Mâsse, Aviva Must and Christina D. Economos

Behavioral economic implementation strategies to improve serious illness communication between clinicians and high-risk patients with cancer: protocol for a cluster randomized pragmatic trial

Serious illness conversations (SICs) are an evidence-based approach to eliciting patients’ values, goals, and care preferences that improve patient outcomes. However, most patients with cancer die without a do...

Authors: Samuel U. Takvorian, Justin Bekelman, Rinad S. Beidas, Robert Schnoll, Alicia B. W. Clifton, Tasnim Salam, Peter Gabriel, E. Paul Wileyto, Callie A. Scott, David A. Asch, Alison M. Buttenheim, Katharine A. Rendle, Krisda Chaiyachati, Rachel C. Shelton, Sue Ware, Corey Chivers…

Study protocol for a type III hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial of strategies to implement firearm safety promotion as a universal suicide prevention strategy in pediatric primary care

Insights from behavioral economics, or how individuals’ decisions and behaviors are shaped by finite cognitive resources (e.g., time, attention) and mental heuristics, have been underutilized in efforts to inc...

Authors: Rinad S. Beidas, Brian K. Ahmedani, Kristin A. Linn, Steven C. Marcus, Christina Johnson, Melissa Maye, Joslyn Westphal, Leslie Wright, Arne L. Beck, Alison M. Buttenheim, Matthew F. Daley, Molly Davis, Marisa E. Elias, Shari Jager-Hyman, Katelin Hoskins, Adina Lieberman…

Organizational contextual factors that predict success of a quality improvement collaborative approach to enhance integrated HIV-tuberculosis services: a sub-study of the Scaling up TB/HIV Integration trial

A quality improvement (QI) collaborative approach to enhancing integrated HIV-Tuberculosis (TB) services may be effective in scaling up and improving the quality of service delivery. Little is known of the rol...

Authors: Santhanalakshmi Gengiah, Catherine Connolly, Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma, Pierre M. Barker, Andrew J. Nunn, Nesri Padayatchi, Myra Taylor, Marian Loveday and Kogieleum Naidoo

Attitude theory and measurement in implementation science: a secondary review of empirical studies and opportunities for advancement

Implementation science studies often express interest in “attitudes,” a term borrowed from psychology. In psychology, attitude research has an established methodological and theoretical base, which we briefly ...

Authors: Jessica Fishman, Catherine Yang and David Mandell

Provider REport of Sustainment Scale (PRESS): development and validation of a brief measure of inner context sustainment

Implementation scientists and practitioners often rely on frontline providers for reporting on implementation outcomes. Furthermore, measures of sustainment are few, and available sustainment measures are main...

Authors: Joanna C. Moullin, Marisa Sklar, Mark G. Ehrhart, Amy Green and Gregory A. Aarons

Psychometric properties of leadership scales for health professionals: a systematic review

The important role of leaders in the translation of health research is acknowledged in the implementation science literature. However, the accurate measurement of leadership traits and behaviours in health pro...

Authors: Melissa A. Carlson, Sarah Morris, Fiona Day, Ann Dadich, Annika Ryan, Elizabeth A. Fradgley and Christine Paul

Influence of physician networks on prescribing a new ingredient combination in heart failure: a longitudinal claim data-based study

Since 2016, the combination of sacubitril/valsartan, which combines an angiotensin receptor and neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), has been recommended in the guidelines for the treatment of heart failure. The adopt...

Authors: Christine Arnold, Jan Koetsenruijter, Johanna Forstner, Frank Peters-Klimm and Michel Wensing

Sustained effects of the INFORM cluster randomized trial: an observational post-intervention study

Numerous studies have examined the efficacy and effectiveness of health services interventions. However, much less research is available on the sustainability of study outcomes. The purpose of this study was t...

Authors: Matthias Hoben, Liane R. Ginsburg, Peter G. Norton, Malcolm B. Doupe, Whitney B. Berta, James W. Dearing, Janice M. Keefe and Carole A. Estabrooks

Outer-context determinants in the sustainment phase of a reimbursement-driven implementation of evidence-based practices in children’s mental health services

Although there is increasing investment to implement evidence-based practices (EBPs) in public systems across the USA, continued or sustained use of EBPs after initial implementation remains a challenge. The l...

Authors: Joyce H. L. Lui, Lauren Brookman-Frazee, Teresa Lind, Kenny Le, Scott Roesch, Gregory A. Aarons, Debbie Innes-Gomberg, Keri Pesanti and Anna S. Lau

How well do critical care audit and feedback interventions adhere to best practice? Development and application of the REFLECT-52 evaluation tool

Healthcare Audit and Feedback (A&F) interventions have been shown to be an effective means of changing healthcare professional behavior, but work is required to optimize them, as evidence suggests that A&F int...

Authors: Madison Foster, Justin Presseau, Eyal Podolsky, Lauralyn McIntyre, Maria Papoulias and Jamie C. Brehaut

Response to letter to the editor

Authors: Ann Dadich, Annika Piper and Dominiek Coates

Letter to the editor of implementation science in response to “Implementation Science in maternity care, A scoping Review” by Dadich, Piper, and Coates (2021)

Authors: Rachel Blankstein Breman, Rebecca Feldman Hamm and Jennifer A. Callaghan-Koru

Implementing nudges to promote utilization of low tidal volume ventilation (INPUT): a stepped-wedge, hybrid type III trial of strategies to improve evidence-based mechanical ventilation management

Behavioral economic insights have yielded strategies to overcome implementation barriers. For example, default strategies and accountable justification strategies have improved adherence to best practices in c...

Authors: Meeta Prasad Kerlin, Dylan Small, Barry D. Fuchs, Mark E. Mikkelsen, Wei Wang, Teresa Tran, Stefania Scott, Aerielle Belk, Jasmine A. Silvestri, Tamar Klaiman, Scott D. Halpern and Rinad S. Beidas

Implementing work-related Mental health guidelines in general PRacticE (IMPRovE): a protocol for a hybrid III parallel cluster randomised controlled trial

The Clinical Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Work-related Mental Health Conditions in General Practice (the Guideline) was published in 2019. The objective of this trial is to implement the Guide...

Authors: Danielle Mazza, Samantha Chakraborty, Vera Camões-Costa, Justin Kenardy, Bianca Brijnath, Duncan Mortimer, Joanne Enticott, Michael Kidd, Lyndal Trevena, Sharon Reid and Alex Collie

Pharmacist dispensing of the abortion pill in Canada: Diffusion of Innovation meets integrated knowledge translation

Since Canadian drug regulatory approval of mifepristone for medical abortion in 2015 and its market availability in January 2017, the role of pharmacists in abortion provision has changed rapidly. We sought to...

Authors: Sarah Munro, Kate Wahl, Judith A. Soon, Edith Guilbert, Elizabeth S. Wilcox, Genevieve Leduc-Robert, Nadra Ansari, Courtney Devane and Wendy V. Norman

Implementation science issues in understanding, collecting, and using cost estimates: a multi-stakeholder perspective

Understanding the resources needed to achieve desired implementation and effectiveness outcomes is essential to implementing and sustaining evidence-based practices (EBPs). Despite this frequent observation, c...

Authors: Andria B. Eisman, Andrew Quanbeck, Mark Bounthavong, Laura Panattoni and Russell E. Glasgow

Barriers and facilitators to shared decision-making in hospitals from policy to practice: a systematic review

Involving patients in their healthcare using shared decision-making (SDM) is promoted through policy and research, yet its implementation in routine practice remains slow. Research into SDM has stemmed from pr...

Authors: Alex Waddell, Alyse Lennox, Gerri Spassova and Peter Bragge

Data-driven approach for tailoring facilitation strategies to overcome implementation barriers in community pharmacy

Implementation research has delved into barriers to implementing change and interventions for the implementation of innovation in practice. There remains a gap, however, that fails to connect implementation ba...

Authors: Lydia Moussa, Shalom Benrimoj, Katarzyna Musial, Simon Kocbek and Victoria Garcia-Cardenas

Rationale and protocol for a cluster randomized pragmatic clinical trial testing behavioral economic implementation strategies to improve tobacco treatment rates for cancer patients who smoke

Routine evidence-based tobacco use treatment minimizes cancer-specific and all-cause mortality, reduces treatment-related toxicity, and improves quality of life among patients receiving cancer care. Few cancer...

Authors: Brian P. Jenssen, Robert Schnoll, Rinad Beidas, Justin Bekelman, Anna-Marika Bauer, Callie Scott, Sarah Evers-Casey, Jody Nicoloso, Peter Gabriel, David A. Asch, Alison Buttenheim, Jessica Chen, Julissa Melo, Lawrence N. Shulman, Alicia B. W. Clifton, Adina Lieberman…

Understanding adaptations in the Veteran Health Administration’s Transitions Nurse Program: refining methodology and pragmatic implications for scale-up

When complex health services interventions are implemented in real-world settings, adaptations are inevitable. Adaptations are changes made to an intervention, implementation strategy, or context prior to, dur...

Authors: Michaela S. McCarthy, Lexus L. Ujano-De Motta, Mary A. Nunnery, Heather Gilmartin, Lynette Kelley, Ashlea Wills, Chelsea Leonard, Christine D. Jones and Borsika A. Rabin

Barriers and facilitators to implementing evidence-based guidelines in long-term care: a qualitative evidence synthesis

The long-term care setting poses unique challenges and opportunities for effective knowledge translation. The objectives of this review are to (1) synthesize barriers and facilitators to implementing evidence-...

Authors: Caitlin McArthur, Yuxin Bai, Patricia Hewston, Lora Giangregorio, Sharon Straus and Alexandra Papaioannou

The relationship between first-level leadership and inner-context and implementation outcomes in behavioral health: a scoping review

First-level leadership is uniquely positioned to support evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation for behavioral health due to first-level leaders’ access to and relationship with service providers. First-...

Authors: Rosemary D. Meza, Noah S. Triplett, Grace S. Woodard, Prerna Martin, Alya N. Khairuzzaman, Gabrielle Jamora and Shannon Dorsey

What behaviour change techniques have been used to improve adherence to evidence-based low back pain imaging?

Despite international guideline recommendations, low back pain (LBP) imaging rates have been increasing over the last 20 years. Previous systematic reviews report limited effectiveness of implementation interv...

Authors: Amanda Hall, Helen Richmond, Andrea Pike, Rebecca Lawrence, Holly Etchegary, Michelle Swab, Jacqueline Y. Thompson, Charlotte Albury, Jill Hayden, Andrea M. Patey and James Matthews

Rapid versus traditional qualitative analysis using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)

Qualitative approaches, alone or in mixed methods, are prominent within implementation science. However, traditional qualitative approaches are resource intensive, which has led to the development of rapid qua...

Authors: Andrea L. Nevedal, Caitlin M. Reardon, Marilla A. Opra Widerquist, George L. Jackson, Sarah L. Cutrona, Brandolyn S. White and Laura J. Damschroder

Translating economic evaluations into financing strategies for implementing evidence-based practices

Implementation researchers are increasingly using economic evaluation to explore the benefits produced by implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs) in healthcare settings. However, the findings of typical e...

Authors: Alex R. Dopp, Suzanne E. U. Kerns, Laura Panattoni, Jeanne S. Ringel, Daniel Eisenberg, Byron J. Powell, Roger Low and Ramesh Raghavan

Onset PrevenTIon of urinary retention in Orthopaedic Nursing and rehabilitation, OPTION—a study protocol for a randomised trial by a multi-professional facilitator team and their first-line managers’ implementation strategy

The Onset PrevenTIon of urinary retention in Orthopaedic Nursing and rehabilitation, OPTION, project aims to progress knowledge translation vis-à-vis evidence-based bladder monitoring in orthopaedic care, to d...

Authors: Ann Catrine Eldh, Eva Joelsson-Alm, Per Wretenberg and Maria Hälleberg-Nyman

Protocol for a hybrid type 3 cluster randomized trial of a technical assistance system supporting coalitions and evidence-based drug prevention programs

Over 5000 community anti-drug coalitions operating in the USA serve as a cornerstone of federal drug prevention. These coalitions, however, have demonstrated effectiveness in preventing substance use only when...

Authors: Louis D. Brown, Sarah M. Chilenski, Rebecca Wells, Eric C. Jones, Janet A. Welsh, Jochebed G. Gayles, Maria E. Fernandez, Damon E. Jones, Kimberly A. Mallett and Mark E. Feinberg

Handoffs and transitions in critical care—understanding scalability: study protocol for a multicenter stepped wedge type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial

The implementation of evidence-based practices in critical care faces specific challenges, including intense time pressure and patient acuity. These challenges result in evidence-to-practice gaps that diminish...

Authors: Meghan B. Lane-Fall, Athena Christakos, Gina C. Russell, Bat-Zion Hose, Elizabeth D. Dauer, Philip E. Greilich, Bommy Hong Mershon, Christopher P. Potestio, Erin W. Pukenas, John R. Kimberly, Alisa J. Stephens-Shields, Rebecca L. Trotta, Rinad S. Beidas and Ellen J. Bass

Barriers and facilitators influencing the sustainment of health behaviour interventions in schools and childcare services: a systematic review

Sustainment has been defined as the sustained use or delivery of an intervention in practice following cessation of external implementation support. This review aimed to identify and synthesise factors (barrie...

Authors: Adam Shoesmith, Alix Hall, Luke Wolfenden, Rachel C. Shelton, Byron J. Powell, Hannah Brown, Sam McCrabb, Rachel Sutherland, Serene Yoong, Cassandra Lane, Debbie Booth and Nicole Nathan

Enhancing organizational readiness for implementation: constructing a typology of readiness-development strategies using a modified Delphi process

Knowledge about the development of organizational readiness for implementation (ORI) is limited. ORI, referred to as the willingness and capacity of all relevant stakeholders to change practice, is critical fo...

Authors: Sigal Vax, Marianne Farkas, Zlatka Russinova, Kim T. Mueser and Mari-Lynn Drainoni

Implementation of peer specialist services in VA primary care: a cluster randomized trial on the impact of external facilitation

Over 1100 veterans work in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) as peer specialists (PSs)—those with formal training who support other veterans with similar diagnoses. A White House Executive Action mandat...

Authors: Matthew Chinman, Richard Goldberg, Karin Daniels, Anjana Muralidharan, Jeffrey Smith, Sharon McCarthy, Deborah Medoff, Amanda Peeples, Lorrianne Kuykendall, Natalie Vineyard and Lan Li

Correction to: Effectiveness of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies on health care professionals’ behaviour and patient outcomes in the cancer care context: a systematic review

Authors: Jennifer R. Tomasone, Kaitlyn D. Kauffeldt, Rushil Chaudhary and Melissa C. Brouwers

Effectiveness of two procedures for deploying a facilitated collaborative modeling implementation strategy—the PVS-PREDIAPS strategy—to optimize type 2 diabetes prevention in primary care: the PREDIAPS cluster randomized hybrid type II implementation trial

The most efficient procedures to engage and guide healthcare professionals in collaborative processes that seek to optimize practice are unknown. The PREDIAPS project aims to assess the effectiveness and feasi...

Authors: Alvaro Sanchez, Susana Pablo, Arturo Garcia-Alvarez, Silvia Dominguez and Gonzalo Grandes

Implementing a digital intervention for managing uncontrolled hypertension in Primary Care: a mixed methods process evaluation

A high proportion of hypertensive patients remain above the target threshold for blood pressure, increasing the risk of adverse health outcomes. A digital intervention to facilitate healthcare practitioners (h...

Authors: Kate Morton, Laura Dennison, Rebecca Band, Beth Stuart, Laura Wilde, Tara Cheetham-Blake, Elena Heber, Joanna Slodkowska-Barabasz, Paul Little, Richard J. McManus, Carl R. May, Lucy Yardley and Katherine Bradbury

Theory-based approach to developing an implementation plan to support the adoption of a patient decision aid for Down syndrome prenatal screening

Our team has developed a decision aid to help pregnant women and their partners make informed decisions about Down syndrome prenatal screening. However, the decision aid is not yet widely available in Quebec’s...

Authors: Titilayo Tatiana Agbadjé, Matthew Menear, Marie-Pierre Gagnon and France Légaré

OASI2: a cluster randomised hybrid evaluation of strategies for sustainable implementation of the Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury Care Bundle in maternity units in Great Britain

The Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury (OASI) Care Bundle comprises four primary and secondary prevention practices that target the rising rates of severe perineal tearing during childbirth, which can have severe...

Authors: Magdalena Jurczuk, Posy Bidwell, Dorian Martinez, Louise Silverton, Jan Van der Meulen, Daniel Wolstenholme, Ranee Thakar, Ipek Gurol-Urganci and Nick Sevdalis

Proceedings from the 13th Annual Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation

Authors:

Capitalizing on facilitators and addressing barriers when implementing active tuberculosis case-finding in six districts of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: a qualitative study with key stakeholders

Vietnam has a high burden of undetected tuberculosis (TB). The Vietnamese National TB Strategic Plan highlights active case-finding (ACF) as one strategy to find people with TB who are currently unreached by t...

Authors: Olivia Biermann, Phuong Bich Tran, Rachel Jeanette Forse, Luan Nguyen Quang Vo, Andrew James Codlin, Kerri Viney, Maxine Caws and Knut Lönnroth

Enhancing the Behaviour Change Wheel with synthesis, stakeholder involvement and decision-making: a case example using the ‘Enhancing the Quality of Psychological Interventions Delivered by Telephone’ (EQUITy) research programme

Using frameworks such as the Behaviour Change Wheel to develop behaviour change interventions can be challenging because judgement is needed at various points in the process and it is not always clear how unce...

Authors: Cintia L. Faija, Judith Gellatly, Michael Barkham, Karina Lovell, Kelly Rushton, Charlotte Welsh, Helen Brooks, Kerry Ardern, Penny Bee and Christopher J. Armitage

Implementation fidelity of the Systems for Person-Centered Elder Care (SPEC): a process evaluation study

The Systems for Person-Centered Elder Care (SPEC), a complex intervention, was conducted to examine its effectiveness as a technology-enhanced, multidisciplinary, and integrated care model for frail older pers...

Authors: Hyoungshim Choi, Young-il Jung and Hongsoo Kim

Implementation and sustainability factors of two early-stage breast cancer conversation aids in diverse practices

Conversation aids can facilitate shared decision-making and improve patient-centered outcomes. However, few examples exist of sustained use of conversation aids in routine care due to numerous barriers at clin...

Authors: Danielle Schubbe, Renata W. Yen, Catherine H. Saunders, Glyn Elwyn, Rachel C. Forcino, A. James O’Malley, Mary C. Politi, Julie Margenthaler, Robert J. Volk, Karen Sepucha, Elissa Ozanne, Sanja Percac-Lima, Ann Bradley, Courtney Goodwin, Maria van den Muijsenbergh, Johanna W. M. Aarts…

Systematic review of experiences and perceptions of key actors and organisations at multiple levels within health systems internationally in responding to COVID-19

COVID-19 has presented challenges to healthcare systems and healthcare professionals internationally. After one year of the pandemic, the initial evidence on health system responses begins to consolidate, and ...

Authors: Simon Turner, Natalia Botero-Tovar, Maria Alejandra Herrera, Juan Pablo Borda Kuhlmann, Francisco Ortiz, Jean Carlo Ramírez and Luisa Fernanda Maldonado

Stakeholder selected strategies for obesity prevention in childcare: results from a small-scale cluster randomized hybrid type III trial

Together, We Inspire Smart Eating (WISE) is an intervention for the early care and education setting to support children’s exposure to and intake of fruits and vegetables. WISE emphasizes 4 evidence-based prac...

Authors: Taren Swindle, Nicole M. McBride, James P. Selig, Susan L. Johnson, Leanne Whiteside-Mansell, Janna Martin, Audra Staley and Geoffrey M. Curran

5335 days of Implementation Science: using natural language processing to examine publication trends and topics

Moving evidence-based practices into the hands of practitioners requires the synthesis and translation of research literature. However, the growing pace of scientific publications across disciplines makes it i...

Authors: Jonathan P. Scaccia and Victoria C. Scott

Is fidelity to a complex behaviour change intervention associated with patient outcomes? Exploring the relationship between dietitian adherence and competence and the nutritional status of intervention patients in a successful stepped-wedge randomised clinical trial of eating as treatment (EAT)

Behavioural medicine is characterised by findings for the effectiveness and efficacy of complex behaviour change interventions. Comparatively, scant attention has been paid to key intervention components or me...

Authors: Alison K. Beck, Amanda L. Baker, Gregory Carter, Laura Robinson, Kristen McCarter, Christopher Wratten, Judith Bauer, Luke Wolfenden and Benjamin Britton

Results of the CHlorhexidine Gluconate Bathing implementation intervention to improve evidence-based nursing practices for prevention of central line associated bloodstream infections Study (CHanGing BathS): a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial

Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) result in approximately 28,000 deaths and approximately $2.3 billion in added costs to the U.S. healthcare system each year, and yet, many of these infe...

Authors: Staci S. Reynolds, Patricia Woltz, Edward Keating, Janice Neff, Jennifer Elliott, Daniel Hatch, Qing Yang and Bradi B. Granger

Perceptions of the barriers, facilitators, outcomes, and helpfulness of strategies to implement screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment in acute care

Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is a clinical intervention used to address alcohol and illicit drug use. SBIRT use has resulted in positive health and social outcomes; however,...

Authors: Alyson Keen, Kelli Thoele, Ukamaka Oruche and Robin Newhouse

Correction to: Using organization theory to position middle-level managers as agents of evidence-based practice implementation

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Sarah A. Birken and Graeme Currie

Impact of provincial and national implementation strategies on P2Y12 inhibitor utilization for acute coronary syndrome in the elderly: an interrupted time series analysis from 2008 to 2018

Guidelines recommend both acetylsalicylic acid and ticagrelor following acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but appropriate prescription practices lag. We analyzed the impact of government medication approval, nati...

Authors: Saurabh Gupta, Emilie P. Belley-Cote, Adam Eqbal, Charlotte McEwen, Ameen Basha, Nicole Wu, Joshua O. Cerasuolo, Shamir Mehta, Jon-David Schwalm and Richard P. Whitlock