Articles

Reversing the pipeline? Implementing public health evidence-based guidance in english local government

In the UK, responsibility for many public health functions was transferred in 2013 from the National Health Service (NHS) to local government; a very different political context and one without the NHS history...

Authors: Lou Atkins, Michael P. Kelly, Clare Littleford, Gillian Leng and Susan Michie

Organizational theory for dissemination and implementation research

Even under optimal internal organizational conditions, implementation can be undermined by changes in organizations’ external environments, such as fluctuations in funding, adjustments in contracting practices...

Authors: Sarah A. Birken, Alicia C. Bunger, Byron J. Powell, Kea Turner, Alecia S. Clary, Stacey L. Klaman, Yan Yu, Daniel J. Whitaker, Shannon R. Self, Whitney L. Rostad, Jenelle R. Shanley Chatham, M. Alexis Kirk, Christopher M. Shea, Emily Haines and Bryan J. Weiner

Are general and strategic measures of organizational context and leadership associated with knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based practices in public behavioral health settings? A cross-sectional observational study

Examining the role of modifiable barriers and facilitators is a necessary step toward developing effective implementation strategies. This study examines whether both general (organizational culture, organizat...

Authors: Byron J. Powell, David S. Mandell, Trevor R. Hadley, Ronnie M. Rubin, Arthur C. Evans, Matthew O. Hurford and Rinad S. Beidas

The association between implementation strategy use and the uptake of hepatitis C treatment in a national sample

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common and highly morbid illness. New medications that have much higher cure rates have become the new evidence-based practice in the field. Understanding the implementation of the...

Authors: Shari S. Rogal, Vera Yakovchenko, Thomas J. Waltz, Byron J. Powell, JoAnn E. Kirchner, Enola K. Proctor, Rachel Gonzalez, Angela Park, David Ross, Timothy R. Morgan, Maggie Chartier and Matthew J. Chinman

Erratum to: Does a quality improvement campaign accelerate take-up of new evidence? A ten-state cluster-randomized controlled trial of the IHI’s Project JOINTS

Authors: Eric C. Schneider, Melony E. Sorbero, Ann Haas, M. Susan Ridgely, Dmitry Khodyakov, Claude M. Setodji, Gareth Parry, Susan S. Huang, Deborah S. Yokoe and Don Goldmann

A methodological protocol for selecting and quantifying low-value prescribing practices in routinely collected data: an Australian case study

Growing imperatives for safety, quality and responsible resource allocation have prompted renewed efforts to identify and quantify harmful or wasteful (low-value) medical practices such as test ordering, proce...

Authors: Jonathan Brett, Adam G. Elshaug, R. Sacha Bhatia, Kelsey Chalmers, Tim Badgery-Parker and Sallie-Anne Pearson

Provision of peer specialist services in VA patient aligned care teams: protocol for testing a cluster randomized implementation trial

Over 1100 Veterans work in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) as peer specialists (PSs). PSs are Veterans with formal training who provide support to other Veterans with similar diagnoses, primarily in m...

Authors: Matthew Chinman, Karin Daniels, Jeff Smith, Sharon McCarthy, Deborah Medoff, Amanda Peeples and Richard Goldberg

The role of informal dimensions of safety in high-volume organisational routines: an ethnographic study of test results handling in UK general practice

The handling of laboratory, imaging and other test results in UK general practice is a high-volume organisational routine that is both complex and high risk. Previous research in this area has focused on error...

Authors: Suzanne Grant, Katherine Checkland, Paul Bowie and Bruce Guthrie

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy: study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people’s health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of ...

Authors: Alexandra Prados-Torres, Isabel del Cura-González, Daniel Prados-Torres, Juan A. López-Rodríguez, Francisca Leiva-Fernández, Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga, Fernando López-Verde, Luis A. Gimeno-Feliu, Esperanza Escortell-Mayor, Victoria Pico-Soler, Teresa Sanz-Cuesta, Mª Josefa Bujalance-Zafra, Mariel Morey-Montalvo, José Ramón Boxó-Cifuentes, Beatriz Poblador-Plou, José Manuel Fernández-Arquero…

Teaching implementation science in a new Master of Science Program in Germany: a survey of stakeholder expectations

Implementation science in healthcare is an evolving discipline in German-speaking countries. In 2015, the Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, Germany, implemented a two-year full-time Master of Sc...

Authors: Charlotte Ullrich, Cornelia Mahler, Johanna Forstner, Joachim Szecsenyi and Michel Wensing

The use of evidence in English local public health decision-making: a systematic scoping review

Public health decision-making structures in England have transformed since the implementation of reforms in 2013, with responsibility for public health services and planning having shifted from the “health” bo...

Authors: Dylan Kneale, Antonio Rojas-García, Rosalind Raine and James Thomas

Proceedings from the 9^th annual conference on the science of dissemination and implementation

Authors: David Chambers, Lisa Simpson, Gila Neta, Ulrica von Thiele Schwarz, Antoinette Percy-Laurry, Gregory A. Aarons, Gila Neta, Ross Brownson, Amanda Vogel, Shannon Wiltsey Stirman, Kenneth Sherr, Rachel Sturke, Wynne E. Norton, Allyson Varley, David Chambers, Cynthia Vinson…

Using media to impact health policy-making: an integrative systematic review

Media interventions can potentially play a major role in influencing health policies. This integrative systematic review aimed to assess the effects of planned media interventions—including social media—on the...

Authors: Lama Bou-Karroum, Fadi El-Jardali, Nour Hemadi, Yasmine Faraj, Utkarsh Ojha, Maher Shahrour, Andrea Darzi, Maha Ali, Carine Doumit, Etienne V. Langlois, Jad Melki, Gladys Honein AbouHaidar and Elie A. Akl

Does a quality improvement campaign accelerate take-up of new evidence? A ten-state cluster-randomized controlled trial of the IHI’s Project JOINTS

A decade ago, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement pioneered a quality improvement (QI) campaign, leveraging organizational and personal social networks to disseminate new practices. There have been few ri...

Authors: Eric C. Schneider, Melony E. Sorbero, Ann Haas, M. Susan Ridgely, Dmitry Khodyakov, Claude M. Setodji, Gareth Parry, Susan S. Huang, Deborah S. Yokoe and Don Goldmann

Adapting an adherence support workers intervention: engaging traditional healers as adherence partners for persons enrolled in HIV care and treatment in rural Mozambique

Systematic adaptation of evidence-informed interventions that increase retention in care and improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) are essential to ending the HIV epidemic in rural sub-Saharan Afri...

Authors: Carolyn M. Audet, José Salato, Sten H. Vermund and K. Rivet Amico

Organizational supports used by private child and family serving agencies to facilitate evidence use: a mixed methods study protocol

Challenges to evidence use are well documented. Less well understood are the formal supports—e.g., technical infrastructure, inter-organizational relationships—organizations may put in place to help overcome t...

Authors: Emmeline Chuang, Crystal Collins-Camargo and Bowen McBeath

HIV policy implementation in two health and demographic surveillance sites in Uganda: findings from a national policy review, health facility surveys and key informant interviews

Successful HIV testing, care and treatment policy implementation is essential for realising the reductions in morbidity and mortality those policies are designed to target. While adoption of new HIV policies i...

Authors: Ellen McRobie, Alison Wringe, Jessica Nakiyingi-Miiro, Francis Kiweewa, Tom Lutalo, Gertrude Nakigozi, Jim Todd, Jeffrey William Eaton, Basia Zaba and Kathryn Church

The Evidence-based Practice Attitude Scale-36 (EBPAS-36): a brief and pragmatic measure of attitudes to evidence-based practice validated in US and Norwegian samples

Short and valid instruments for measuring factors facilitating or hindering implementation efforts are called for. This article describes (1) the adaptation of a shorter version of the Evidence-based Practice ...

Authors: Marte Rye, Elisa M. Torres, Oddgeir Friborg, Ingunn Skre and Gregory A. Aarons

A Hybrid III stepped wedge cluster randomized trial testing an implementation strategy to facilitate the use of an evidence-based practice in VA Homeless Primary Care Treatment Programs

Homeless veterans often have multiple health care and psychosocial needs, including assistance with access to housing and health care, as well as support for ongoing treatment engagement. The Department of Vet...

Authors: Molly M. Simmons, Sonya Gabrielian, Thomas Byrne, Megan B. McCullough, Jeffery L. Smith, Thom J. Taylor, Tom P. O’Toole, Vincent Kane, Vera Yakovchenko, D. Keith McInnes and David A. Smelson

Modifications to ART service delivery models by health facilities in Uganda in promotion of intervention sustainability: a mixed methods study

In November 2015, WHO released new treatment guidelines recommending that all diagnosed as HIV positive be enrolled on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Sustaining and expanding ART scale-up programs in resource-l...

Authors: Henry Zakumumpa, Sara Bennett and Freddie Ssengooba

Dimensions of sustainability for a health communication intervention in African American churches: a multi-methods study

Sustainability of evidence-based health promotion interventions has received increased research attention in recent years. This paper reports sustainability data from Project HEAL (Health through Early Awarene...

Authors: Mary Ann Scheirer, Sherie Lou Z. Santos, Erin K. Tagai, Janice Bowie, Jimmie Slade, Roxanne Carter and Cheryl L. Holt

A theoretical analysis of the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of school-based physical activity policies in Canada: a mixed methods scoping review

Given the potential impact school-based daily physical activity (DPA) policies can have on the health outcomes of Canadian children, it is surprising that such little research has examined the implementation a...

Authors: Katie A. Weatherson, Heather L. Gainforth and Mary E. Jung

Applying the Theoretical Domains Framework to identify barriers and targeted interventions to enhance nurses’ use of electronic medication management systems in two Australian hospitals

Medication errors harm hospitalised patients and increase health care costs. Electronic Medication Management Systems (EMMS) have been shown to reduce medication errors. However, nurses do not always use EMMS ...

Authors: Deborah Debono, Natalie Taylor, Wendy Lipworth, David Greenfield, Joanne Travaglia, Deborah Black and Jeffrey Braithwaite

Improving the adaptability of WHO evidence-informed guidelines for nutrition actions: results of a mixed methods evaluation

Over the past decade, the World Health Organization (WHO) has implemented a standardized, evidence-informed guideline development process to assure technically sound and policy-relevant guidelines. This study ...

Authors: Maria Cecilia Dedios, Alexo Esperato, Luz Maria De-Regil, Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas and Susan L. Norris

Factors influencing implementation of a patient decision aid in a developing country: an exploratory study

Most studies on barriers and facilitators to implementation of patient decision aids (PDAs) are conducted in the west; hence, the findings may not be transferable to developing countries. This study aims to us...

Authors: Wen Ting Tong, Yew Kong Lee, Chirk Jenn Ng and Ping Yein Lee

Erratum to: Behavior change interventions and policies influencing primary healthcare professionals’ practice—an overview of reviews

Authors: Bhupendrasinh F. Chauhan, Maya M. Jeyaraman, Amrinder Singh Mann, Justin Lys, Becky Skidmore, Kathryn M. Sibley, Ahmed M. Abou-Setta and Ryan Zarychanski

Describing knowledge encounters in healthcare: a mixed studies systematic review and development of a classification

Implementation science seeks to promote the uptake of research and other evidence-based findings into practice, but for healthcare professionals, this is complex as practice draws on, in addition to scientific...

Authors: Dominic Hurst and Sharon Mickan

Adoption, reach, and implementation of a cancer education intervention in African American churches

Use of technology is increasing in health promotion and has continued growth potential in intervention research. Guided by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framewor...

Authors: Sherie Lou Zara Santos, Erin K. Tagai, Mary Ann Scheirer, Janice Bowie, Muhiuddin Haider, Jimmie Slade, Min Qi Wang and Cheryl L. Holt

Design and implementation of electronic health record integrated clinical prediction rules (iCPR): a randomized trial in diverse primary care settings

Clinical prediction rules (CPRs) represent a method of determining individual patient risk to help providers make more accurate decisions at the point of care. Well-validated CPRs are underutilized but may dec...

Authors: David A. Feldstein, Rachel Hess, Thomas McGinn, Rebecca G. Mishuris, Lauren McCullagh, Paul D. Smith, Michael Flynn, Joseph Palmisano, Gheorghe Doros and Devin Mann

Identifying barriers to and facilitators of tuberculosis contact investigation in Kampala, Uganda: a behavioral approach

The World Health Organization recommends routine household tuberculosis contact investigation in high-burden countries but adoption has been limited. We sought to identify barriers to and facilitators of TB co...

Authors: Irene Ayakaka, Sara Ackerman, Joseph M. Ggita, Phoebe Kajubi, David Dowdy, Jessica E. Haberer, Elizabeth Fair, Philip Hopewell, Margaret A. Handley, Adithya Cattamanchi, Achilles Katamba and J. Lucian Davis

Using Getting To Outcomes to facilitate the use of an evidence-based practice in VA homeless programs: a cluster-randomized trial of an implementation support strategy

Incorporating evidence-based integrated treatment for dual disorders into typical care settings has been challenging, especially among those serving Veterans who are homeless. This paper presents an evaluation...

Authors: Matthew Chinman, Sharon McCarthy, Gordon Hannah, Thomas Hugh Byrne and David A. Smelson

A tailored programme to implement recommendations for multimorbid patients with polypharmacy in primary care practices—process evaluation of a cluster randomized trial

We developed and evaluated a tailored programme to implement three evidence-based recommendations for multimorbid patients with polypharmacy into primary care practices: structured medication counselling inclu...

Authors: Cornelia Jäger, Jost Steinhäuser, Tobias Freund, Sarah Kuse, Joachim Szecsenyi and Michel Wensing

Improving and sustaining delivery of CPT for PTSD in mental health systems: a cluster randomized trial

Large-scale implementation of evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) such as cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for posttraumatic stress disorder can have a tremendous impact on mental and physical health, heal...

Authors: Shannon Wiltsey Stirman, Erin P. Finley, Norman Shields, Joan Cook, Rachel Haine-Schlagel, James F. Burgess Jr, Linda Dimeff, Kelly Koerner, Michael Suvak, Cassidy A. Gutner, David Gagnon, Tasoula Masina, Matthew Beristianos, Kera Mallard, Vanessa Ramirez and Candice Monson

Methods for designing interventions to change healthcare professionals’ behaviour: a systematic review

Systematic reviews consistently indicate that interventions to change healthcare professional (HCP) behaviour are haphazardly designed and poorly specified. Clarity about methods for designing and specifying i...

Authors: Heather L. Colquhoun, Janet E. Squires, Niina Kolehmainen, Cynthia Fraser and Jeremy M. Grimshaw

Testing the leadership and organizational change for implementation (LOCI) intervention in substance abuse treatment: a cluster randomized trial study protocol

Evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation represents a strategic change in organizations that requires effective leadership and alignment of leadership and organizational support across organizational level...

Authors: Gregory A. Aarons, Mark G. Ehrhart, Joanna C. Moullin, Elisa M. Torres and Amy E. Green

The physician’s experience of changing clinical practice: a struggle to unlearn

Changing clinical practice is a difficult process, best illustrated by the time lag between evidence and use in practice and the extensive use of low-value care. Existing models mostly focus on the barriers to...

Authors: Divya M. Gupta, Richard J. Boland Jr. and David C. Aron

Application of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to assess factors that may influence implementation of tobacco use treatment guidelines in the Viet Nam public health care delivery system

Services to treat tobacco dependence are not readily available to smokers in low-middle income countries (LMICs) where smoking prevalence remains high. We are conducting a cluster randomized controlled trial c...

Authors: Nancy VanDevanter, Pritika Kumar, Nam Nguyen, Linh Nguyen, Trang Nguyen, Frances Stillman, Bryan Weiner and Donna Shelley

Use of theory to plan or evaluate guideline implementation among physicians: a scoping review

Guidelines support health care decision-making and high quality care and outcomes. However, their implementation is sub-optimal. Theory-informed, tailored implementation is associated with guideline use. Few g...

Authors: Laurel Liang, Susanne Bernhardsson, Robin W. M. Vernooij, Melissa J. Armstrong, André Bussières, Melissa C. Brouwers and Anna R. Gagliardi

Intervention planning for a digital intervention for self-management of hypertension: a theory-, evidence- and person-based approach

This paper describes the intervention planning process for the Home and Online Management and Evaluation of Blood Pressure (HOME BP), a digital intervention to promote hypertension self-management. It illustra...

Authors: Rebecca Band, Katherine Bradbury, Katherine Morton, Carl May, Susan Michie, Frances S. Mair, Elizabeth Murray, Richard J. McManus, Paul Little and Lucy Yardley

Planning to be routine: habit as a mediator of the planning-behaviour relationship in healthcare professionals

Gaps in the quality of care provided to people with type 2 diabetes are regularly identified. Healthcare professionals often have a strong intention to follow practice guidelines during consultations with peop...

Authors: Sebastian Potthoff, Justin Presseau, Falko F. Sniehotta, Marie Johnston, Marko Elovainio and Leah Avery

Pharmacists’ views and reported practices in relation to a new generic drug substitution policy in Lebanon: a mixed methods study

Governments in both developed and developing countries have adopted generic drug substitution policies to decrease pharmaceutical expenditures and improve access to medicine. In August 2015, the Ministry of Pu...

Authors: Fadi El-Jardali, Racha Fadlallah, Rami Z. Morsi, Nour Hemadi, Mounir Al-Gibbawi, Magda Haj, Suzan Khalil, Youssef Saklawi, Diana Jamal and Elie A. Akl

Understanding the performance of community health volunteers involved in the delivery of health programmes in underserved areas: a realist synthesis

The recruitment of community health volunteers (CHVs) to support the delivery of health programmes is an established approach in underserved areas and in particular where there are health inequalities due to t...

Authors: Gaëlle Vareilles, Jeanine Pommier, Bruno Marchal and Sumit Kane

Making sense of complexity in context and implementation: the Context and Implementation of Complex Interventions (CICI) framework

The effectiveness of complex interventions, as well as their success in reaching relevant populations, is critically influenced by their implementation in a given context. Current conceptual frameworks often f...

Authors: Lisa M. Pfadenhauer, Ansgar Gerhardus, Kati Mozygemba, Kristin Bakke Lysdahl, Andrew Booth, Bjørn Hofmann, Philip Wahlster, Stephanie Polus, Jacob Burns, Louise Brereton and Eva Rehfuess

Does access to a demand-led evidence briefing service improve uptake and use of research evidence by health service commissioners? A controlled before and after study

The Health and Social Care Act mandated research use as a core consideration of health service commissioning arrangements in England. We undertook a controlled before and after study to evaluate whether access...

Authors: Paul M Wilson, Kate Farley, Liz Bickerdike, Alison Booth, Duncan Chambers, Mark Lambert, Carl Thompson, Rhiannon Turner and Ian S Watt

A comparison of how behavioral health organizations utilize training to prepare for health care reform

Under the Affordable Care Act, States have obtained Medicaid waivers to overhaul their behavioral health service systems to improve quality and reduce costs. Critical to implementation of broad service deliver...

Authors: Victoria Stanhope, Mimi Choy-Brown, Stacey Barrenger, Jennifer Manuel, Micaela Mercado, Mary McKay and Steven C. Marcus

Evaluation of scaling-up of HPV self-collection offered by community health workers at home visits to increase screening among socially vulnerable under-screened women in Jujuy Province, Argentina

Self-collection has been proposed as a strategy to increase cervical screening coverage among hard-to-reach women. However, evaluations of the implementation of this strategy on a large scale are scarce. This ...

Authors: Silvina Arrossi, Melisa Paolino, Laura Thouyaret, Rosa Laudi and Alicia Campanera

Process evaluation of a cluster-randomised trial testing a pressure ulcer prevention care bundle: a mixed-methods study

As pressure ulcers contribute to significant patient burden and increased health care costs, their prevention is a clinical priority. Our team developed and tested a complex intervention, a pressure ulcer prev...

Authors: Shelley Roberts, Elizabeth McInnes, Tracey Bucknall, Marianne Wallis, Merrilyn Banks and Wendy Chaboyer

Multi-year school-based implementation and student outcomes of an evidence-based risk reduction intervention

Intervention effects observed in efficacy trials are rarely replicated when the interventions are broadly disseminated, underscoring the need for more information about factors influencing real-life implementa...

Authors: Bo Wang, Bonita Stanton, Lynette Deveaux, Sonja Lunn, Glenda Rolle, Richard Adderley, Maxwell Poitier, Veronica Koci, Sharon Marshall and Perry Gomez

Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to produce actionable findings: a rapid-cycle evaluation approach to improving implementation

Much research does not address the practical needs of stakeholders responsible for introducing health care delivery interventions into organizations working to achieve better outcomes. In this article, we pres...

Authors: Rosalind E. Keith, Jesse C. Crosson, Ann S. O’Malley, DeAnn Cromp and Erin Fries Taylor

Protocol for the analysis of a natural experiment on the impact of the Affordable Care Act on diabetes care in community health centers

It is hypothesized that Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansions could substantially improve access to health insurance and healthcare services for patients at risk for diabetes mellitus (DM), with pre-DM...

Authors: Nathalie Huguet, Heather Angier, Miguel Marino, K. John McConnell, Megan J. Hoopes, Jean P. O’Malley, Lewis A. Raynor, Sonja Likumahuwa-Ackman, Heather Holderness and Jennifer E. DeVoe