Articles

The advantages and limitations of guideline adaptation frameworks

The implementation of evidence-based guidelines can improve clinical and public health outcomes by helping health professionals practice in the most effective manner, as well as assisting policy-makers in desi...

Authors: Zhicheng Wang, Susan L. Norris and Lisa Bero

Standardizing an approach to the evaluation of implementation science proposals

The fields of implementation and improvement sciences have experienced rapid growth in recent years. However, research that seeks to inform health care change may have difficulty translating core components of...

Authors: Erika L. Crable, Dea Biancarelli, Allan J. Walkey, Caitlin G. Allen, Enola K. Proctor and Mari-Lynn Drainoni

Community health worker support to improve HIV treatment outcomes for older children and adolescents in Zimbabwe: a process evaluation of the ZENITH trial

Community health worker (CHW)-delivered support visits to children living with HIV and their caregivers significantly reduced odds of virological failure among the children in the ZENITH trial conducted in Zim...

Authors: Chido Dziva Chikwari, Victoria Simms, Joanna Busza, Ethel Dauya, Tsitsi Bandason, Prosper Chonzi, Shungu Munyati, Hilda Mujuru and Rashida A. Ferrand

Leveraging routine clinical materials and mobile technology to assess CBT fidelity: the Innovative Methods to Assess Psychotherapy Practices (imAPP) study

Identifying scalable strategies for assessing fidelity is a key challenge in implementation science. However, for psychosocial interventions, the existing, reliable ways to test treatment fidelity quality are ...

Authors: Shannon Wiltsey Stirman, Luana Marques, Torrey A. Creed, Cassidy A. Gutner, Robert DeRubeis, Paul G. Barnett, Eric Kuhn, Michael Suvak, Jason Owen, Dawne Vogt, Booil Jo, Sonja Schoenwald, Clara Johnson, Kera Mallard, Matthew Beristianos and Heidi La Bash

A methodology for generating a tailored implementation blueprint: an exemplar from a youth residential setting

Tailored implementation approaches are touted as more likely to support the integration of evidence-based practices. However, to our knowledge, few methodologies for tailoring implementations exist. This manus...

Authors: Cara C. Lewis, Kelli Scott and Brigid R. Marriott

Empirical and conceptual investigation of de-implementation of low-value care from professional and health care system perspectives: a study protocol

A considerable proportion of interventions provided to patients lacks evidence of their effectiveness. This implies that patients may receive ineffective, unnecessary, or even harmful care. Thus, in addition t...

Authors: Henna Hasson, Per Nilsen, Hanna Augustsson and Ulrica von Thiele Schwarz

Effectiveness of a multi-level implementation strategy for ASD interventions: study protocol for two linked cluster randomized trials

The Centers for Disease Control (2018) estimates that 1 in 59 children has autism spectrum disorder, and the annual cost of ASD in the U.S. is estimated to be $236 billion. Evidence-based interventions have be...

Authors: Lauren Brookman-Frazee and Aubyn C. Stahmer

Cluster randomised controlled trial of a theory-based multiple behaviour change intervention aimed at healthcare professionals to improve their management of type 2 diabetes in primary care

National diabetes audits in the UK show room for improvement in the quality of care delivered to people with type 2 diabetes in primary care. Systematic reviews of quality improvement interventions show that s...

Authors: Justin Presseau, Joan Mackintosh, Gillian Hawthorne, Jill J. Francis, Marie Johnston, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Nick Steen, Tom Coulthard, Heather Brown, Eileen Kaner, Marko Elovainio and Falko F. Sniehotta

Correction to: Updated clinical guidelines experience major reporting limitations

After publication of the original article [1] it was brought to our attention that author Laura Hidalgo Armas was incorrectly included as Laura Hildago Armas.

Authors: Robin W. M. Vernooij, Laura Martínez García, Ivan Dario Florez, Laura Hidalgo Armas, Michiel H. F. Poorthuis, Melissa Brouwers and Pablo Alonso-Coello

Evaluation of the “Foundations in Knowledge Translation” training initiative: preparing end users to practice KT

Current knowledge translation (KT) training initiatives are primarily focused on preparing researchers to conduct KT research rather than on teaching KT practice to end users. Furthermore, training initiatives...

Authors: Jamie S. Park, Julia E. Moore, Radha Sayal, Bev J. Holmes, Gayle Scarrow, Ian D. Graham, Lianne Jeffs, Caitlyn Timmings, Shusmita Rashid, Alekhya Mascarenhas Johnson and Sharon E. Straus

Associations among unit leadership and unit climates for implementation in acute care: a cross-sectional study

Nurse managers have a pivotal role in fostering unit climates supportive of implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs) in care delivery. EBP leadership behaviors and competencies of nurse managers and their ...

Authors: Clayton J. Shuman, Xuefeng Liu, Michelle L. Aebersold, Dana Tschannen, Jane Banaszak-Holl and Marita G. Titler

A new scale for the evaluation of clinical practice guidelines applicability: development and appraisal

This study aimed to develop the clinical practice guidelines applicability evaluation (CPGAE-V1.0) scale and to evaluate its validity and reliability.

Authors: Hui Li, Runsheng Xie, Yangyang Wang, Xiuli Xie, Jingwen Deng and Chuanjian Lu

Implementation of evidence-based weekend service recommendations for allied health managers: a cluster randomised controlled trial protocol

It is widely acknowledged that health policy and practice do not always reflect current research evidence. Whether knowledge transfer from research to practice is more successful when specific implementation a...

Authors: Mitchell N. Sarkies, Jennifer White, Meg E. Morris, Nicholas F. Taylor, Cylie Williams, Lisa O’Brien, Jenny Martin, Anne Bardoel, Anne E. Holland, Leeanne Carey, Elizabeth H. Skinner, Kelly-Ann Bowles, Kellie Grant, Kathleen Philip and Terry P. Haines

Correction to: Exploring multi-level system factors facilitating educator training and implementation of evidence-based practices (EBP): a study protocol

After publication of the original article [1] it was brought to our attention that author Elizabeth McGhee Hassrick was erroneously included as Elizabeth McGee Hassrick. The correct spelling of the author’s na...

Authors: Aubyn C. Stahmer, Jessica Suhrheinrich, Patricia L. Schetter and Elizabeth McGhee Hassrick

Supporting teams to optimize function and independence in Veterans: a multi-study program and mixed methods protocol

Successful implementation of new clinical programs depends on effectively establishing, reorganizing, or enhancing team structures and processes to coordinate the work of individuals who are interdependent in ...

Authors: Virginia Wang, Kelli Allen, Courtney H. Van Houtven, Cynthia Coffman, Nina Sperber, Elizabeth P. Mahanna, Cathleen Colón-Emeric, Helen Hoenig, George L. Jackson, Teresa M. Damush, Erika Price and Susan N. Hastings

Why is announcement training more effective than conversation training for introducing HPV vaccination? A theory-based investigation

Improving healthcare providers’ communication about HPV vaccination is critical to increasing uptake. We previously demonstrated that training providers to use presumptive announcements to introduce HPV vaccin...

Authors: Teri L. Malo, Megan E. Hall, Noel T. Brewer, Christine R. Lathren and Melissa B. Gilkey

Correction to: Engaging policy-makers, health system managers, and policy analysts in the knowledge synthesis process: a scoping review

Following the publication of the original article [1], it was brought to our attention that the letter ‘l’ was unfortunately omitted from the word ‘health’ in the article’s title.

Authors: Andrea C. Tricco, Wasifa Zarin, Patricia Rios, Vera Nincic, Paul A. Khan, Marco Ghassemi, Sanober Diaz, Ba’ Pham, Sharon E. Straus and Etienne V. Langlois

Impact of patient involvement on clinical practice guideline development: a parallel group study

Patient and public involvement (PPI) is recognized as a key component of clinical practice guideline development with important implications for guideline implementability. The impact of PPI on guidelines, how...

Authors: Melissa J. Armstrong, C. Daniel Mullins, Gary S. Gronseth and Anna R. Gagliardi

To fill or not to fill: a qualitative cross-country study on dentists’ decisions in managing non-cavitated proximal caries lesions

This study aimed to identify barriers and enablers for dentists managing non-cavitated proximal caries lesions using non- or micro-invasive (NI/MI) approaches rather than invasive and restorative methods in Ne...

Authors: F. Schwendicke, L. A. Foster Page, L. A. Smith, M. Fontana, W. M. Thomson and S. R. Baker

An integrated community health worker intervention in rural Nepal: a type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation study protocol

Evidence-based medicines, technologies, and protocols exist to prevent many of the annual 300,000 maternal, 2.7 million neonatal, and 9 million child deaths, but they are not being effectively implemented and ...

Authors: Sheela Maru, Isha Nirola, Aradhana Thapa, Poshan Thapa, Lal Kunwar, Wan-Ju Wu, Scott Halliday, David Citrin, Ryan Schwarz, Indira Basnett, Naresh KC, Khem Karki, Pushpa Chaudhari and Duncan Maru

Proceedings from the 10th Annual Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation

Authors:

Developing measures to assess constructs from the Inner Setting domain of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research

Scientists and practitioners alike need reliable, valid measures of contextual factors that influence implementation. Yet, few existing measures demonstrate reliability or validity. To meet this need, we devel...

Authors: Maria E. Fernandez, Timothy J. Walker, Bryan J. Weiner, William A. Calo, Shuting Liang, Betsy Risendal, Daniela B. Friedman, Shin Ping Tu, Rebecca S. Williams, Sara Jacobs, Alison K. Herrmann and Michelle C. Kegler

Evaluation of a program for routine implementation of shared decision-making in cancer care: study protocol of a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial

Shared decision-making (SDM) has become increasingly important in health care. However, despite scientific evidence, effective implementation strategies, and a prominent position on the health policy agenda, S...

Authors: Isabelle Scholl, Pola Hahlweg, Anja Lindig, Carsten Bokemeyer, Anja Coym, Henning Hanken, Volkmar Müller, Ralf Smeets, Isabell Witzel, Levente Kriston and Martin Härter

Factors associated with the use of cognitive aids in operating room crises: a cross-sectional study of US hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers

Operating room (OR) crises are high-acuity events requiring rapid, coordinated management. Medical judgment and decision-making can be compromised in stressful situations, and clinicians may not experience a c...

Authors: Shehnaz Alidina, Sara N. Goldhaber-Fiebert, Alexander A. Hannenberg, David L. Hepner, Sara J. Singer, Bridget A. Neville, James R. Sachetta, Stuart R. Lipsitz and William R. Berry

Toward optimal implementation of cancer prevention and control programs in public health: a study protocol on mis-implementation

Much of the cancer burden in the USA is preventable, through application of existing knowledge. State-level funders and public health practitioners are in ideal positions to affect programs and policies relate...

Authors: Margaret Padek, Peg Allen, Paul C. Erwin, Melissa Franco, Ross A. Hammond, Benjamin Heuberger, Matt Kasman, Doug A. Luke, Stephanie Mazzucca, Sarah Moreland-Russell and Ross C. Brownson

School health implementation tools: a mixed methods evaluation of factors influencing their use

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) develops tools to support implementation of evidence-based interventions for school health. To advance understanding of factors influencing the use of ...

Authors: Jennifer Leeman, Jean L. Wiecha, Maihan Vu, Jonathan L. Blitstein, Sallie Allgood, Sarah Lee and Caitlin Merlo

Reduction of antibiotic prescriptions for acute respiratory tract infections in primary care: a systematic review

Although most respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are due to viral infections, they cause the majority of antibiotic (Abx) prescriptions in primary care. This systematic review summarises the evidence on the e...

Authors: Anna Köchling, Christin Löffler, Stefan Reinsch, Anne Hornung, Femke Böhmer, Attila Altiner and Jean-François Chenot

Proceedings of the 4th Biennial Conference of the Society for Implementation Research Collaboration (SIRC) 2017: implementation mechanisms: what makes implementation work and why? part 2

Authors:

Proceedings of the Fourth Biennial Conference of the Society for Implementation Research Collaboration (SIRC) 2017: implementation mechanisms: what makes implementation work and why? part 1

Authors: Cara C. Lewis, Cameo Stanick, Aaron Lyon, Doyanne Darnell, Jill Locke, Ajeng Puspitasari, Brigid R. Marriott, Caitlin N. Dorsey, Madeline Larson, Carrie Jackson, Jordan Thayer, Callie Walsh Bailey, Rebecca Lengnick-Hall, Shannon Dorsey and Sara J. Landes

Theory-based development of an implementation intervention to increase HPV vaccination in pediatric primary care practices

The national guideline for use of the vaccine targeting oncogenic strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) is an evidence-based practice that is poorly implemented in primary care. Recommendations include com...

Authors: Jane M. Garbutt, Sherry Dodd, Emily Walling, Amanda A. Lee, Katharine Kulka and Rebecca Lobb

Mixed-method analysis of program leader perspectives on the sustainment of multiple child evidence-based practices in a system-driven implementation

Understanding program leader perspectives on the sustainment of evidence-based practice (EBP) in community mental health settings is essential to improving implementation. To date, however, much of the literat...

Authors: Adriana Rodriguez, Anna S. Lau, Blanche Wright, Jennifer Regan and Lauren Brookman-Frazee

A multidisciplinary team-oriented intervention to increase guideline recommended care for high-risk prostate cancer: A stepped-wedge cluster randomised implementation trial

This study assessed whether a theoretically conceptualised tailored intervention centred on multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) increased clinician referral behaviours in line with clinical practice guideline recom...

Authors: Bernadette Brown, Jane Young, David P. Smith, Andrew B. Kneebone, Andrew J. Brooks, Sam Egger, Miranda Xhilaga, Amanda Dominello, Dianne L. O’Connell and Mary Haines

Mechanisms of implementing public health interventions: a pooled causal mediation analysis of randomised trials

The World Health Organization recommends that nations implement evidence-based nutritional guidelines and policies in settings such as schools and childcare services to improve public health nutrition. Underst...

Authors: Hopin Lee, Alix Hall, Nicole Nathan, Kathryn L. Reilly, Kirsty Seward, Christopher M. Williams, Serene Yoong, Meghan Finch, John Wiggers and Luke Wolfenden

Evaluation of Communities of Practice performance developing implementation research to enhance maternal health decision-making in Mexico and Nicaragua

Despite the existence of proven solutions to improve maternal health, innovative approaches are still necessary to support the implementation of programs and policies in real-world settings. To address this ch...

Authors: Jacqueline E. Alcalde-Rabanal, Victor M. Becerril-Montekio and Etienne V. Langlois

Organizational- and system-level characteristics that influence implementation of shared decision-making and strategies to address them — a scoping review

Shared decision-making (SDM) is poorly implemented in routine care, despite being promoted by health policies. No reviews have solely focused on an in-depth synthesis of the literature around organizational- a...

Authors: Isabelle Scholl, Allison LaRussa, Pola Hahlweg, Sarah Kobrin and Glyn Elwyn

Implementation between text and work—a qualitative study of a readmission prevention program targeting elderly patients

Numerous studies emphasize the importance of context in implementation. Successful implementation across the health care system depends on conditions and requirements that are often presented to health profess...

Authors: Sara Fokdal Lehn, Jette Thuesen, Gitte Bunkenborg, Ann-Dorthe Zwisler and Morten Hulvej Rod

Protocol: mixed-methods study to evaluate implementation, enforcement, and outcomes of U.S. state laws intended to curb high-risk opioid prescribing

The U.S. opioid epidemic has been driven by the high volume of opioids prescribed by healthcare providers. U.S. states have recently enacted four types of laws designed to curb high-risk prescribing practices,...

Authors: Emma E. McGinty, Elizabeth A. Stuart, G. Caleb Alexander, Colleen L. Barry, Mark C. Bicket and Lainie Rutkow

Hospital-based interventions: a systematic review of staff-reported barriers and facilitators to implementation processes

Translation of evidence-based interventions into hospital systems can provide immediate and substantial benefits to patient care and outcomes, but successful implementation is often not achieved. Existing lite...

Authors: Liesbeth Geerligs, Nicole M. Rankin, Heather L. Shepherd and Phyllis Butow

Implementing Alcohol Misuse SBIRT in a National Cohort of Pediatric Trauma Centers—a type III hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial

The American College of Surgeons mandates universal screening for alcohol misuse and delivery of an intervention for those screening positive as a requirement for certification as a level 1 trauma center. Thou...

Authors: Michael J. Mello, Sara J. Becker, Julie Bromberg, Janette Baird, Mark R. Zonfrillo and Anthony Spirito

Twitter use at the 2016 Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation in Health: analyzing #DIScience16

Poor dissemination of research findings may hamper the reach and impact of scientific discoveries. One key emerging platform for research dissemination is social media, including Twitter. While Twitter and oth...

Authors: Caitlin G. Allen, Brittany Andersen, David A. Chambers, Jacob Groshek and Megan C. Roberts

Health professionals’ perceptions about their clinical performance and the influence of audit and feedback on their intentions to improve practice: a theory-based study in Dutch intensive care units

Audit and feedback aims to guide health professionals in improving aspects of their practice that need it most. Evidence suggests that feedback fails to increase accuracy of professional perceptions about clin...

Authors: Wouter T. Gude, Marie-José Roos-Blom, Sabine N. van der Veer, Dave A. Dongelmans, Evert de Jonge, Jill J. Francis, Niels Peek and Nicolette F. de Keizer

To what extent can behaviour change techniques be identified within an adaptable implementation package for primary care? A prospective directed content analysis

Interpreting evaluations of complex interventions can be difficult without sufficient description of key intervention content. We aimed to develop an implementation package for primary care which could be deli...

Authors: Liz Glidewell, Thomas A. Willis, Duncan Petty, Rebecca Lawton, Rosemary R. C. McEachan, Emma Ingleson, Peter Heudtlass, Andrew Davies, Tony Jamieson, Cheryl Hunter, Suzanne Hartley, Kara Gray-Burrows, Susan Clamp, Paul Carder, Sarah Alderson, Amanda J. Farrin…

Engaging policy-makers, health system managers, and policy analysts in the knowledge synthesis process: a scoping review

It is unclear how to engage a wide range of knowledge users in research. We aimed to map the evidence on engaging knowledge users with an emphasis on policy-makers, health system managers, and policy analysts ...

Authors: Andrea C. Tricco, Wasifa Zarin, Patricia Rios, Vera Nincic, Paul A. Khan, Marco Ghassemi, Sanober Diaz, Ba’ Pham, Sharon E. Straus and Etienne V. Langlois

Correction to: Implementing goals of care conversations with veterans in VA long-term care setting: a mixed methods protocol

The authors would like to correct errors in the original article [1] that may have lead readers to misinterpret the scope, evidence base and target population of VHA Handbook 1004.03 “Life-Sustaining Treatment...

Authors: Anne E. Sales, Mary Ersek, Orna K. Intrator, Cari Levy, Joan G. Carpenter, Robert Hogikyan, Helen C. Kales, Zach Landis-Lewis, Tobie Olsan, Susan C. Miller, Marcos Montagnini, Vyjeyanthi S. Periyakoil and Sheri Reder

Implementation strategies to improve cervical cancer prevention in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Developed countries, such as the USA, have achieved significant decreases in cervical cancer burden since the introduction of Pap smear-based programs in the 1960s. Due to implementation barriers and limited r...

Authors: Lauren G. Johnson, Allison Armstrong, Caroline M. Joyce, Anne M. Teitelman and Alison M. Buttenheim

Navigating the sustainability landscape: a systematic review of sustainability approaches in healthcare

Improvement initiatives offer a valuable mechanism for delivering and testing innovations in healthcare settings. Many of these initiatives deliver meaningful and necessary changes to patient care and outcomes...

Authors: L. Lennox, L. Maher and J. Reed

Operationalizing a model to quantify implementation of a multi-component intervention in a stepped-wedge trial

It is challenging to interpret the results of multifaceted interventions due to complex program theories that are difficult to measure in a quantifiable manner. The aims of this paper were, first, to develop a...

Authors: Linnea Ferm, Charlotte Diana Nørregaard Rasmussen and Marie Birk Jørgensen

Barriers and facilitators for the management of vertigo: a qualitative study with primary care providers

Although the management of patients presenting with vertigo and dizziness in primary care has been reported to be inefficient, little is known about the primary care providers’ (PCPs) perspectives, needs, and ...

Authors: Anna-Janina Stephan, Eva Kovacs, Amanda Phillips, Jörg Schelling, Susanne Marlene Ulrich and Eva Grill

The impact of inter-organizational alignment (IOA) on implementation outcomes: evaluating unique and shared organizational influences in education sector mental health

Integrated healthcare delivered by work groups in nontraditional service settings is increasingly common, yet contemporary implementation frameworks typically assume a single organization—or organizational uni...

Authors: Aaron R. Lyon, Kelly Whitaker, Jill Locke, Clayton R. Cook, Kevin M. King, Mylien Duong, Chayna Davis, Mark D. Weist, Mark G. Ehrhart and Gregory A. Aarons

Sustainable reduction of antibiotic-induced antimicrobial resistance (ARena) in German ambulatory care: study protocol of a cluster randomised trial

Despite many initiatives to enhance the rational use of antibiotics, there remains substantial room for improvement. The overall aim of this study is to optimise the appropriate use of antibiotics in German am...

Authors: Martina Kamradt, Petra Kaufmann-Kolle, Edith Andres, Tonia Brand, Anja Klingenberg, Katharina Glassen, Regina Poß-Doering, Lorenz Uhlmann, Katharina Hees, Dorothea Weber, Andreas Gutscher, Veit Wambach, Joachim Szecsenyi and Michel Wensing