Articles

Proceedings from the 10th Annual Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation

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Protocol: mixed-methods study to evaluate implementation, enforcement, and outcomes of U.S. state laws intended to curb high-risk opioid prescribing

The U.S. opioid epidemic has been driven by the high volume of opioids prescribed by healthcare providers. U.S. states have recently enacted four types of laws designed to curb high-risk prescribing practices,...

Authors: Emma E. McGinty, Elizabeth A. Stuart, G. Caleb Alexander, Colleen L. Barry, Mark C. Bicket and Lainie Rutkow

Hospital-based interventions: a systematic review of staff-reported barriers and facilitators to implementation processes

Translation of evidence-based interventions into hospital systems can provide immediate and substantial benefits to patient care and outcomes, but successful implementation is often not achieved. Existing lite...

Authors: Liesbeth Geerligs, Nicole M. Rankin, Heather L. Shepherd and Phyllis Butow

Implementing Alcohol Misuse SBIRT in a National Cohort of Pediatric Trauma Centers—a type III hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial

The American College of Surgeons mandates universal screening for alcohol misuse and delivery of an intervention for those screening positive as a requirement for certification as a level 1 trauma center. Thou...

Authors: Michael J. Mello, Sara J. Becker, Julie Bromberg, Janette Baird, Mark R. Zonfrillo and Anthony Spirito

Twitter use at the 2016 Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation in Health: analyzing #DIScience16

Poor dissemination of research findings may hamper the reach and impact of scientific discoveries. One key emerging platform for research dissemination is social media, including Twitter. While Twitter and oth...

Authors: Caitlin G. Allen, Brittany Andersen, David A. Chambers, Jacob Groshek and Megan C. Roberts

Health professionals’ perceptions about their clinical performance and the influence of audit and feedback on their intentions to improve practice: a theory-based study in Dutch intensive care units

Audit and feedback aims to guide health professionals in improving aspects of their practice that need it most. Evidence suggests that feedback fails to increase accuracy of professional perceptions about clin...

Authors: Wouter T. Gude, Marie-José Roos-Blom, Sabine N. van der Veer, Dave A. Dongelmans, Evert de Jonge, Jill J. Francis, Niels Peek and Nicolette F. de Keizer

To what extent can behaviour change techniques be identified within an adaptable implementation package for primary care? A prospective directed content analysis

Interpreting evaluations of complex interventions can be difficult without sufficient description of key intervention content. We aimed to develop an implementation package for primary care which could be deli...

Authors: Liz Glidewell, Thomas A. Willis, Duncan Petty, Rebecca Lawton, Rosemary R. C. McEachan, Emma Ingleson, Peter Heudtlass, Andrew Davies, Tony Jamieson, Cheryl Hunter, Suzanne Hartley, Kara Gray-Burrows, Susan Clamp, Paul Carder, Sarah Alderson, Amanda J. Farrin…

Engaging policy-makers, health system managers, and policy analysts in the knowledge synthesis process: a scoping review

It is unclear how to engage a wide range of knowledge users in research. We aimed to map the evidence on engaging knowledge users with an emphasis on policy-makers, health system managers, and policy analysts ...

Authors: Andrea C. Tricco, Wasifa Zarin, Patricia Rios, Vera Nincic, Paul A. Khan, Marco Ghassemi, Sanober Diaz, Ba’ Pham, Sharon E. Straus and Etienne V. Langlois

Correction to: Implementing goals of care conversations with veterans in VA long-term care setting: a mixed methods protocol

The authors would like to correct errors in the original article [1] that may have lead readers to misinterpret the scope, evidence base and target population of VHA Handbook 1004.03 “Life-Sustaining Treatment...

Authors: Anne E. Sales, Mary Ersek, Orna K. Intrator, Cari Levy, Joan G. Carpenter, Robert Hogikyan, Helen C. Kales, Zach Landis-Lewis, Tobie Olsan, Susan C. Miller, Marcos Montagnini, Vyjeyanthi S. Periyakoil and Sheri Reder

Implementation strategies to improve cervical cancer prevention in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Developed countries, such as the USA, have achieved significant decreases in cervical cancer burden since the introduction of Pap smear-based programs in the 1960s. Due to implementation barriers and limited r...

Authors: Lauren G. Johnson, Allison Armstrong, Caroline M. Joyce, Anne M. Teitelman and Alison M. Buttenheim

Navigating the sustainability landscape: a systematic review of sustainability approaches in healthcare

Improvement initiatives offer a valuable mechanism for delivering and testing innovations in healthcare settings. Many of these initiatives deliver meaningful and necessary changes to patient care and outcomes...

Authors: L. Lennox, L. Maher and J. Reed

Operationalizing a model to quantify implementation of a multi-component intervention in a stepped-wedge trial

It is challenging to interpret the results of multifaceted interventions due to complex program theories that are difficult to measure in a quantifiable manner. The aims of this paper were, first, to develop a...

Authors: Linnea Ferm, Charlotte Diana Nørregaard Rasmussen and Marie Birk Jørgensen

Barriers and facilitators for the management of vertigo: a qualitative study with primary care providers

Although the management of patients presenting with vertigo and dizziness in primary care has been reported to be inefficient, little is known about the primary care providers’ (PCPs) perspectives, needs, and ...

Authors: Anna-Janina Stephan, Eva Kovacs, Amanda Phillips, Jörg Schelling, Susanne Marlene Ulrich and Eva Grill

The impact of inter-organizational alignment (IOA) on implementation outcomes: evaluating unique and shared organizational influences in education sector mental health

Integrated healthcare delivered by work groups in nontraditional service settings is increasingly common, yet contemporary implementation frameworks typically assume a single organization—or organizational uni...

Authors: Aaron R. Lyon, Kelly Whitaker, Jill Locke, Clayton R. Cook, Kevin M. King, Mylien Duong, Chayna Davis, Mark D. Weist, Mark G. Ehrhart and Gregory A. Aarons

Sustainable reduction of antibiotic-induced antimicrobial resistance (ARena) in German ambulatory care: study protocol of a cluster randomised trial

Despite many initiatives to enhance the rational use of antibiotics, there remains substantial room for improvement. The overall aim of this study is to optimise the appropriate use of antibiotics in German am...

Authors: Martina Kamradt, Petra Kaufmann-Kolle, Edith Andres, Tonia Brand, Anja Klingenberg, Katharina Glassen, Regina Poß-Doering, Lorenz Uhlmann, Katharina Hees, Dorothea Weber, Andreas Gutscher, Veit Wambach, Joachim Szecsenyi and Michel Wensing

Moving knowledge into action for more effective practice, programmes and policy: protocol for a research programme on integrated knowledge translation

Health research is conducted with the expectation that it advances knowledge and eventually translates into improved health systems and population health. However, research findings are often caught in the kno...

Authors: Ian D. Graham, Anita Kothari and Chris McCutcheon

A randomized matched-pairs study of feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of systems consultation: a novel implementation strategy for adopting clinical guidelines for Opioid prescribing in primary care

This paper reports on the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of an innovative implementation strategy named “systems consultation” aimed at improving adherence to clinical guidelines for opioid pres...

Authors: Andrew Quanbeck, Randall T. Brown, Aleksandra E. Zgierska, Nora Jacobson, James M. Robinson, Roberta A. Johnson, Brienna M. Deyo, Lynn Madden, Wen-Jan Tuan and Esra Alagoz

Quality improvement initiatives for hospitalised small and sick newborns in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

An estimated 2.6 million newborns died in 2016; over 98.5% of deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Neonates born preterm and small for gestational age are particularly at risk given the...

Authors: Nabila Zaka, Emma C. Alexander, Logan Manikam, Irena C. F. Norman, Melika Akhbari, Sarah Moxon, Pavani Kalluri Ram, Georgina Murphy, Mike English, Susan Niermeyer and Luwei Pearson

Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings—paper 5: how to assess adequacy of data

The GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) approach has been developed by the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) working group. The a...

Authors: Claire Glenton, Benedicte Carlsen, Simon Lewin, Heather Munthe-Kaas, Christopher J. Colvin, Özge Tunçalp, Meghan A. Bohren, Jane Noyes, Andrew Booth, Ruth Garside, Arash Rashidian, Signe Flottorp and Megan Wainwright

Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings—paper 4: how to assess coherence

The GRADE-CERQual (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation-Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) approach has been developed by the GRADE working group. The app...

Authors: Christopher J. Colvin, Ruth Garside, Megan Wainwright, Heather Munthe-Kaas, Claire Glenton, Meghan A. Bohren, Benedicte Carlsen, Özge Tunçalp, Jane Noyes, Andrew Booth, Arash Rashidian, Signe Flottorp and Simon Lewin

Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings–paper 7: understanding the potential impacts of dissemination bias

The GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) approach has been developed by the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) Working Group. The a...

Authors: Andrew Booth, Simon Lewin, Claire Glenton, Heather Munthe-Kaas, Ingrid Toews, Jane Noyes, Arash Rashidian, Rigmor C. Berg, Brenda Nyakang’o and Joerg J. Meerpohl

Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings—paper 2: how to make an overall CERQual assessment of confidence and create a Summary of Qualitative Findings table

The GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) approach has been developed by the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) Working Group. The a...

Authors: Simon Lewin, Meghan Bohren, Arash Rashidian, Heather Munthe-Kaas, Claire Glenton, Christopher J. Colvin, Ruth Garside, Jane Noyes, Andrew Booth, Özge Tunçalp, Megan Wainwright, Signe Flottorp, Joseph D. Tucker and Benedicte Carlsen

Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings—paper 3: how to assess methodological limitations

The GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) approach has been developed by the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) Working Group. The a...

Authors: Heather Munthe-Kaas, Meghan A. Bohren, Claire Glenton, Simon Lewin, Jane Noyes, Özge Tunçalp, Andrew Booth, Ruth Garside, Christopher J. Colvin, Megan Wainwright, Arash Rashidian, Signe Flottorp and Benedicte Carlsen

Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings–paper 6: how to assess relevance of the data

The GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) approach has been developed by the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) Working Group. The a...

Authors: Jane Noyes, Andrew Booth, Simon Lewin, Benedicte Carlsen, Claire Glenton, Christopher J. Colvin, Ruth Garside, Meghan A. Bohren, Arash Rashidian, Megan Wainwright, Özge Tunςalp, Jacqueline Chandler, Signe Flottorp, Tomas Pantoja, Joseph D. Tucker and Heather Munthe-Kaas

Applying GRADE-CERQual to qualitative evidence synthesis findings: introduction to the series

The GRADE-CERQual (‘Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research’) approach provides guidance for assessing how much confidence to place in findings from systematic reviews of qualitative re...

Authors: Simon Lewin, Andrew Booth, Claire Glenton, Heather Munthe-Kaas, Arash Rashidian, Megan Wainwright, Meghan A. Bohren, Özge Tunçalp, Christopher J. Colvin, Ruth Garside, Benedicte Carlsen, Etienne V. Langlois and Jane Noyes

Objective coding of content and techniques in workplace-based supervision of an EBT in public mental health

Workplace-based clinical supervision as an implementation strategy to support evidence-based treatment (EBT) in public mental health has received limited research attention. A commonly provided infrastructure ...

Authors: Shannon Dorsey, Suzanne E. U. Kerns, Leah Lucid, Michael D. Pullmann, Julie P. Harrison, Lucy Berliner, Kelly Thompson and Esther Deblinger

Training scholars in dissemination and implementation research for cancer prevention and control: a mentored approach

As the field of D&I (dissemination and implementation) science grows to meet the need for more effective and timely applications of research findings in routine practice, the demand for formalized training pro...

Authors: Margaret Padek, Nageen Mir, Rebekah R. Jacob, David A. Chambers, Maureen Dobbins, Karen M. Emmons, Jon Kerner, Shiriki Kumanyika, Christine Pfund, Enola K. Proctor, Kurt C. Stange and Ross C. Brownson

Leading for the long haul: a mixed-method evaluation of the Sustainment Leadership Scale (SLS)

Despite our progress in understanding the organizational context for implementation and specifically the role of leadership in implementation, its role in sustainment has received little attention. This paper ...

Authors: Mark G. Ehrhart, Elisa M. Torres, Amy E. Green, Elise M. Trott, Cathleen E. Willging, Joanna C. Moullin and Gregory A. Aarons

Protocol to disseminate a hospital-site controlled intervention using audit and feedback to implement guidelines concerning inappropriate treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria

Antimicrobial stewardship to combat the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a national priority. This project focuses on reducing inappropriate use of antimicrobials for asymptomatic bacteriuria...

Authors: Barbara W. Trautner, Pooja Prasad, Larissa Grigoryan, Sylvia J. Hysong, Jennifer R. Kramer, Suja Rajan, Nancy J. Petersen, Tracey Rosen, Dimitri M. Drekonja, Christopher Graber, Payal Patel, Paola Lichtenberger, Timothy P. Gauthier, Steve Wiseman, Makoto Jones, Anne Sales…

The German Quality Network Sepsis: study protocol for the evaluation of a quality collaborative on decreasing sepsis-related mortality in a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences design

While sepsis-related mortality decreased substantially in other developed countries, mortality of severe sepsis remained as high as 44% in Germany. A recent German cluster randomized trial was not able to impr...

Authors: Daniel Schwarzkopf, Hendrik Rüddel, Matthias Gründling, Christian Putensen and Konrad Reinhart

An individually tailored family-centered intervention for pediatric obesity in primary care: study protocol of a randomized type II hybrid effectiveness–implementation trial (Raising Healthy Children study)

Pediatric obesity is a multi-faceted public health concern that can lead to cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and early mortality. Small changes in diet, physical activity, or BMI can significantly reduce the ...

Authors: Justin D. Smith, Cady Berkel, Neil Jordan, David C. Atkins, Shrikanth S. Narayanan, Carlos Gallo, Kevin J. Grimm, Thomas J. Dishion, Anne M. Mauricio, Jenna Rudo-Stern, Mariah K. Meachum, Emily Winslow and Meg M. Bruening

MAGnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection to prevent Cerebral Palsy (MAG-CP)—implementation of a national guideline in Canada

Evidence supports magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) for women at risk of imminent birth at < 32–34 weeks to reduce the likelihood of cerebral palsy in the child. MAGnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection to preven...

Authors: Dane A. De Silva, Anne R. Synnes, Peter von Dadelszen, Tang Lee, Jeffrey N. Bone and Laura A. Magee

What is in your wallet? A cluster randomized trial of the effects of showing comparative patient out-of-pocket costs on primary care prescribing for uncomplicated hypertension

Drug expenditures are responsible for an increasing proportion of health costs, accounting for $1.1 trillion in annual expenditure worldwide. As hundreds of billions of dollars are being spent each year on ove...

Authors: Robyn Tamblyn, Nancy Winslade, Christina J. Qian, Teresa Moraga and Allen Huang

The implementation of academic detailing and its effectiveness on appropriate prescribing of pain relief medication: a real-world cluster randomized trial in Belgian general practices

In Belgium, the debate about the effect of the national academic detailing service (ADS) on prescribing quality in general practice is ongoing. In order to evaluate both the implementation strategies of the AD...

Authors: Robin Bruyndonckx, Veronique Verhoeven, Sibyl Anthierens, Koen Cornelis, Katelijne Ackaert, Birgit Gielen and Samuel Coenen

Assessing organizational implementation context in the education sector: confirmatory factor analysis of measures of implementation leadership, climate, and citizenship

A substantial literature has established the role of the inner organizational setting on the implementation of evidence-based practices in community contexts, but very little of this research has been extended...

Authors: Aaron R. Lyon, Clayton R. Cook, Eric C. Brown, Jill Locke, Chayna Davis, Mark Ehrhart and Gregory A. Aarons

Exploring multi-level system factors facilitating educator training and implementation of evidence-based practices (EBP): a study protocol

This study examines how system-wide (i.e., region, district, and school) mechanisms such as leadership support, training requirements, structure, collaboration, and education affect the use of evidence-based p...

Authors: Aubyn C. Stahmer, Jessica Suhrheinrich, Patricia L. Schetter and Elizabeth McGee Hassrick

Towards evidence-based palliative care in nursing homes in Sweden: a qualitative study informed by the organizational readiness to change theory

Sweden has a policy of supporting older people to live a normal life at home for as long as possible. Therefore, it is often the oldest, most frail people who move into nursing homes. Nursing home staff are ex...

Authors: Per Nilsen, Birgitta Wallerstedt, Lina Behm and Gerd Ahlström

IMPlementation of A Relatives’ Toolkit (IMPART study): an iterative case study to identify key factors impacting on the implementation of a web-based supported self-management intervention for relatives of people with psychosis or bipolar experiences in a National Health Service: a study protocol

Web-based interventions to support people to manage long-term health conditions are available and effective but rarely used in clinical services. The aim of this study is to identify critical factors impacting...

Authors: Fiona Lobban, Victoria Appleton, Duncan Appelbe, Johanna Barraclough, Julie Bowland, Naomi R Fisher, Sheena Foster, Sonia Johnson, Elizabeth Lewis, Céu Mateus, Barbara Mezes, Elizabeth Murray, Puffin O’Hanlon, Vanessa Pinfold, Jo Rycroft-Malone, Ron Siddle…

Safety analysis over time: seven major changes to adverse event investigation

Every safety-critical industry devotes considerable time and resource to investigating and analysing accidents, incidents and near misses. The systematic analysis of incidents has greatly expanded our understa...

Authors: Charles Vincent, Jane Carthey, Carl Macrae and Rene Amalberti

Community-based participatory research and integrated knowledge translation: advancing the co-creation of knowledge

Better use of research evidence (one form of “knowledge”) in health systems requires partnerships between researchers and those who contend with the real-world needs and constraints of health systems. Communit...

Authors: Janet Jull, Audrey Giles and Ian D. Graham

Preliminary testing of the reliability and feasibility of SAGE: a system to measure and score engagement with and use of research in health policies and programs

Few measures of research use in health policymaking are available, and the reliability of such measures has yet to be evaluated. A new measure called the Staff Assessment of Engagement with Evidence (SAGE) inc...

Authors: Steve R. Makkar, Anna Williamson, Catherine D’Este and Sally Redman

Feasibility and acceptability of two incentive-based implementation strategies for mental health therapists implementing cognitive-behavioral therapy: a pilot study to inform a randomized controlled trial

Informed by our prior work indicating that therapists do not feel recognized or rewarded for implementation of evidence-based practices, we tested the feasibility and acceptability of two incentive-based imple...

Authors: Rinad S. Beidas, Emily M. Becker-Haimes, Danielle R. Adams, Laura Skriner, Rebecca E. Stewart, Courtney Benjamin Wolk, Alison M. Buttenheim, Nathaniel J. Williams, Patricia Inacker, Elizabeth Richey and Steven C. Marcus

Electronic Laboratory Medicine ordering with evidence-based Order sets in primary care (ELMO study): protocol for a cluster randomised trial

Laboratory testing is an important clinical act with a valuable role in screening, diagnosis, management and monitoring of diseases or therapies. However, inappropriate laboratory test ordering is frequent, bu...

Authors: Nicolas Delvaux, An De Sutter, Stijn Van de Velde, Dirk Ramaekers, Steffen Fieuws and Bert Aertgeerts

Dynamics behind the scale up of evidence-based obesity prevention: protocol for a multi-site case study of an electronic implementation monitoring system in health promotion practice

The effectiveness of many interventions to promote health and prevent disease has been well established. The imperative has therefore shifted from amassing evidence about efficacy to scale-up to maximise popul...

Authors: Kathleen P. Conte, Sisse Groen, Victoria Loblay, Amanda Green, Andrew Milat, Lina Persson, Christine Innes-Hughes, Jo Mitchell, Sarah Thackway, Mandy Williams and Penelope Hawe

Evidence use in decision-making on introducing innovations: a systematic scoping review with stakeholder feedback

A range of evidence informs decision-making on innovation in health care, including formal research findings, local data and professional opinion. However, cultural and organisational factors often prevent the...

Authors: Simon Turner, Danielle D’Lima, Emma Hudson, Stephen Morris, Jessica Sheringham, Nick Swart and Naomi J. Fulop

Studying de-implementation in health: an analysis of funded research grants

Studying de-implementation—defined herein as reducing or stopping the use of a health service or practice provided to patients by healthcare practitioners and systems—has gained traction in recent years. De-im...

Authors: Wynne E. Norton, Amy E. Kennedy and David A. Chambers

Implementation fidelity trajectories of a health promotion program in multidisciplinary settings: managing tensions in rehabilitation care

Although the importance of evaluating implementation fidelity is acknowledged, little is known about heterogeneity in fidelity over time. This study aims to generate insight into the heterogeneity in implement...

Authors: Femke Hoekstra, Marjolein A. G. van Offenbeek, Rienk Dekker, Florentina J. Hettinga, Trynke Hoekstra, Lucas H. V. van der Woude and Cees P. van der Schans

The effects of care bundles on patient outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Care bundles are a set of three to five evidence-informed practices performed collectively and reliably to improve the quality of care. Care bundles are used widely across healthcare settings with the aim of p...

Authors: Jacqueline F. Lavallée, Trish A. Gray, Jo Dumville, Wanda Russell and Nicky Cullum

The impact of a physician detailing and sampling program for generic atorvastatin: an interrupted time series analysis

In 2011, Manitoba implemented a province-wide program of physician detailing and free sampling for generic atorvastatin to increase use of this generic statin. We examined the impact of this unique combined pr...

Authors: Heather C. Worthington, Lucy Cheng, Sumit R. Majumdar, Steven G. Morgan, Colette B. Raymond, Stephen B. Soumerai and Michael R. Law

Application of discrete choice experiments to enhance stakeholder engagement as a strategy for advancing implementation: a systematic review

One of the key strategies to successful implementation of effective health-related interventions is targeting improvements in stakeholder engagement. The discrete choice experiment (DCE) is a stated preference...

Authors: Ramzi G. Salloum, Elizabeth A. Shenkman, Jordan J. Louviere and David A. Chambers