Advanced Computerized Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) assist clinicians in their decision-making process, generating recommendations based on up-to-date scientific evidence. Although this technology has the p...
Authors: Elisa G. Liberati, Francesca Ruggiero, Laura Galuppo, Mara Gorli, Marien González-Lorenzo, Marco Maraldi, Pietro Ruggieri, Hernan Polo Friz, Giuseppe Scaratti, Koren H. Kwag, Roberto Vespignani and Lorenzo Moja
Indigenous smoking rates are up to 80% among pregnant women: prevalence among pregnant Australian Indigenous women was 45% in 2014, contributing significantly to the health gap for Indigenous Australians. We a...
Authors: Gillian S. Gould, Yael Bar-Zeev, Michelle Bovill, Lou Atkins, Maree Gruppetta, Marilyn J Clarke and Billie Bonevski
Knowledge produced through applied health research is often of a form not readily accessible to or actionable by policymakers and practitioners, which hinders its implementation. Our aim was to identify resear...
Authors: Sonya Crowe, Simon Turner, Martin Utley and Naomi J. Fulop
Implementing treatments and interventions with demonstrated effectiveness is critical for improving patient health outcomes at a reduced cost. When an evidence-based intervention (EBI) is implemented with fide...
Authors: Gregory A. Aarons, Marisa Sklar, Brian Mustanski, Nanette Benbow and C. Hendricks Brown
Veterans Health Affairs (VA) home-based primary care (HBPC) is an evidence-based interdisciplinary approach to non-institutional long-term care that was developed in urban settings to provide longitudinal care...
Authors: B. Josea Kramer, Sarah D. Cote, Diane I. Lee, Beth Creekmur and Debra Saliba
Understanding sustainability is one of the significant implementation science challenges. One of the big challenges in researching sustainability is the lack of consistent definitions in the literature. Most i...
Authors: Julia E. Moore, Alekhya Mascarenhas, Julie Bain and Sharon E. Straus
Implementation outcome measures are essential for monitoring and evaluating the success of implementation efforts. Yet, currently available measures lack conceptual clarity and have largely unknown reliability...
Authors: Bryan J. Weiner, Cara C. Lewis, Cameo Stanick, Byron J. Powell, Caitlin N. Dorsey, Alecia S. Clary, Marcella H. Boynton and Heather Halko
It is increasingly acknowledged that differentiated care models hold potential to manage large volumes of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Various group-based models of ART service delivery aimed at d...
Authors: Ferdinand C. Mukumbang, Sara Van Belle, Bruno Marchal and Brian van Wyk
Theories, models, and frameworks used by implementation science, including Diffusion of Innovations, tend to focus on the adoption of one innovation, when often organizations may be facing multiple simultaneou...
Authors: Isomi M. Miake-Lye, Emmeline Chuang, Hector P. Rodriguez, Gerald F. Kominski, Elizabeth M. Yano and Stephen M. Shortell
Although clinical guidelines recommend the provision of care to reduce client chronic disease risk behaviours, such care is provided sub-optimally by primary healthcare providers. A study was undertaken to det...
Authors: John Wiggers, Kathleen McElwaine, Megan Freund, Libby Campbell, Jenny Bowman, Paula Wye, Luke Wolfenden, Danika Tremain, Daniel Barker, Carolyn Slattery, Karen Gillham and Kate Bartlem
While dissemination and implementation (D&I) science has grown rapidly, there is an ongoing need to understand how to build and sustain capacity in individuals and institutions conducting research. There are t...
Authors: Ross C. Brownson, Enola K. Proctor, Douglas A. Luke, Ana A. Baumann, Mackenzie Staub, Matthew T. Brown and Mallory Johnson
Substance misuse is now encountered in settings beyond addiction specialty care, with schools a point-of-contact for student access to behavioral health services. Marijuana is a leading impetus for adolescent ...
Authors: Bryan Hartzler, Aaron R. Lyon, Denise D. Walker, Lauren Matthews, Kevin M. King and Kathryn E. McCollister
The global response to HIV has started over 18 million persons on life-saving antiretroviral therapy (ART)—the vast majority in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC)—yet substantial gaps remain: up to 40% of...
Authors: Matthew D. Hickey, Thomas A. Odeny, Maya Petersen, Torsten B. Neilands, Nancy Padian, Nathan Ford, Zachary Matthay, David Hoos, Meg Doherty, Chris Beryer, Stefan Baral and Elvin H. Geng
Increasing interest in implementation science has generated a demand for education and training opportunities for researchers and practitioners in the field. However, few implementation science courses have be...
Authors: Siw Carlfjord, Kerstin Roback and Per Nilsen
Engaging stakeholders from varied organizational levels is essential to successful healthcare quality improvement. However, engagement has been hard to achieve and to measure across diverse stakeholders. Furth...
Authors: Jill M. Norris, Deborah E. White, Lorelli Nowell, Kelly Mrklas and Henry T. Stelfox
The Stroke Canada Optimization of Rehabilitation by Evidence-Implementation Trial (SCORE-IT) showed that a facilitated knowledge translation (KT) approach to implementing a stroke rehabilitation guideline was ...
Authors: Nancy M. Salbach, Sharon Wood-Dauphinee, Johanne Desrosiers, Janice J. Eng, Ian D. Graham, Susan B. Jaglal, Nicol Korner-Bitensky, Marilyn MacKay-Lyons, Nancy E. Mayo, Carol L. Richards, Robert W. Teasell, Merrick Zwarenstein and Mark T. Bayley
Multimorbidity, defined as the presence of at least two chronic conditions, becomes increasingly common in older people and is associated with poorer health outcomes and significant polypharmacy. The National ...
Authors: Caroline McCarthy, Barbara Clyne, Derek Corrigan, Fiona Boland, Emma Wallace, Frank Moriarty, Tom Fahey, Carmel Hughes, Paddy Gillespie and Susan M. Smith
A recent review of frameworks used in dissemination and implementation (D&I) science described 61 judged to be related either to dissemination, implementation, or both. The current use of these frameworks and ...
Authors: Ted A. Skolarus, Todd Lehmann, Rachel G. Tabak, Jenine Harris, Jesse Lecy and Anne E. Sales
The knowledge exchange literature suggests that policy dialogues are intended to enhance short-, medium- and long-term capacities of individuals, organizations and health systems to use evidence to inform poli...
Authors: Gillian Mulvale, Samantha A. McRae and Sandra Milicic
Feedback is widely used as a strategy to improve the quality of care in primary care settings. As part of a study conducted to explore the quality of preventive care, we investigated general practitioners’ (GP...
Authors: Paul Sebo, Hubert Maisonneuve, Jean-Pascal Fournier, Nicolas Senn and Dagmar M. Haller
The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is an effective lifestyle intervention to reduce incidence of type 2 diabetes. However, there are gaps in knowledge about how to implement DPP. The aim of this study was t...
Authors: Laura J. Damschroder, Caitlin M. Reardon, Mona AuYoung, Tannaz Moin, Santanu K. Datta, Jordan B. Sparks, Matthew L. Maciejewski, Nanette I. Steinle, Jane E. Weinreb, Maria Hughes, Lillian F. Pinault, Xinran M. Xiang, Charles Billington and Caroline R. Richardson
While some research training programs have considered the importance of mentoring in inspiring professionals to engage in translational research, most evaluations emphasize outcomes specific to academic produc...
Authors: Julie A. Baldwin, Heather J. Williamson, Emery R. Eaves, Bruce L. Levin, Donna L. Burton and Oliver T. Massey
Some outcomes for children with mental health problems remain suboptimal because of poor access to care and the failure of systems and providers to adopt established quality improvement strategies and interven...
Authors: Valerie L. Forman-Hoffman, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Joni L. McKeeman, Leyla F. Stambaugh, Robert B. Christian, Bradley N. Gaynes, Heather Lynne Kane, Leila C. Kahwati, Kathleen N. Lohr and Meera Viswanathan
Improving mechanisms for knowledge translation (KT) and connecting decision-makers to each other and the information and evidence they consider relevant to their work remains a priority for public health. Virt...
Authors: Ruth Ponsford, Jennifer Ford, Helena Korjonen, Emma Hughes, Asha Keswani, Triantafyllos Pliakas and Matt Egan
Despite the potential to reach at-risk children in childcare, there is a significant gap between current practices and evidence-based obesity prevention in this setting. There are few investigations of the imp...
Authors: Taren Swindle, Susan L. Johnson, Leanne Whiteside-Mansell and Geoffrey M. Curran
Quality improvement is a recommended strategy to improve implementation levels for evidence-based essential interventions, but experience of and evidence for its effects in low-resource settings are limited. W...
Authors: P Waiswa, F Manzi, G Mbaruku, A. K. Rowe, M Marx, G Tomson, T Marchant, B. A. Willey, J Schellenberg, S Peterson and C Hanson
Theoretical frameworks and models based on behaviour change theories are increasingly used in the development of implementation interventions. Development of an implementation intervention is often based on th...
Authors: Louise E. Craig, Natalie Taylor, Rohan Grimley, Dominique A. Cadilhac, Elizabeth McInnes, Rosemary Phillips, Simeon Dale, Denise O’Connor, Chris Levi, Mark Fitzgerald, Julie Considine, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Richard Gerraty, N. Wah Cheung, Jeanette Ward and Sandy Middleton
Audit and feedback (AF) interventions that leverage routine administrative data offer a scalable and relatively low-cost method to improve processes of care. AF interventions are usually designed to highlight ...
Authors: Noah M. Ivers, Laura Desveaux, Justin Presseau, Catherine Reis, Holly O. Witteman, Monica K. Taljaard, Nicola McCleary, Kednapa Thavorn and Jeremy M. Grimshaw
Patients on chronic warfarin therapy require regular laboratory monitoring to safely manage warfarin. Recent studies have challenged the need for routine monthly blood draws in the most stable warfarin-treated...
Authors: Geoffrey D. Barnes, Sevan Misirliyan, Scott Kaatz, Elizabeth A. Jackson, Brian Haymart, Eva Kline-Rogers, Jay Kozlowski, Gregory Krol, James B. Froehlich and Anne Sales
Vital signs are the primary indicator of physiological status and for determining the need for urgent clinical treatment. Yet, if physiological signs of deterioration are missed, misinterpreted or mismanaged, ...
Authors: Tracey K. Bucknall, Gill Harvey, Julie Considine, Imogen Mitchell, Jo Rycroft-Malone, Ian D. Graham, Mohammadreza Mohebbi, Jennifer Watts and Alison M. Hutchinson
Blood for transfusion is a frequently used clinical intervention, and is also a costly and limited resource with risks. Many transfusions are given to stable and non-bleeding patients despite no clear evidence...
Authors: Suzanne Hartley, Robbie Foy, Rebecca E. A. Walwyn, Robert Cicero, Amanda J. Farrin, Jill J. Francis, Fabiana Lorencatto, Natalie J. Gould, John Grant-Casey, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Liz Glidewell, Susan Michie, Stephen Morris and Simon J. Stanworth
Evidence-based decision-making and practice are pivotal in public health. However, barriers do persist and they relate to evidence properties, organisations and contexts. To address these major knowledge trans...
Authors: Linda Cambon, Audrey Petit, Valery Ridde, Christian Dagenais, Marion Porcherie, Jeanine Pommier, Chrisine Ferron, Laetitia Minary and François Alla
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) impact patients’ lives through prolonged hospitalization, morbidity, and death, resulting in significant costs to both health systems and society. Central line-associate...
Authors: Ann Scheck McAlearney, Jennifer L. Hefner, Cynthia J. Sieck, Daniel M. Walker, Alison M. Aldrich, Lindsey N. Sova, Alice A. Gaughan, Caitlin M. Slevin, Courtney Hebert, Erinn Hade, Jacalyn Buck, Michele Grove and Timothy R. Huerta
A large proportion of the US population has limited access to mental health treatments because insurance providers limit the utilization of mental health services in ways that are more restrictive than for phy...
Authors: Jonathan Purtle, Félice Lê-Scherban, Paul Shattuck, Enola K. Proctor and Ross C. Brownson
Using opinion leaders to accelerate the dissemination of evidence-based public health practices is a promising strategy for closing the gap between evidence and practice. Network interventions (using social ne...
Authors: Thomas A. Odeny, Maya Petersen, Charles T. Muga, Jayne Lewis-Kulzer, Elizabeth A. Bukusi and Elvin H. Geng
Missed evidence-based monitoring in high-risk conditions (e.g., cancer) leads to delayed diagnosis. Current technological solutions fail to close this safety gap. In response, we aim to demonstrate a novel met...
Authors: Kathryn M. McDonald, George Su, Sarah Lisker, Emily S. Patterson and Urmimala Sarkar
The vision of transforming health systems into learning health systems (LHSs) that rapidly and continuously transform knowledge into improved health outcomes at lower cost is generating increased interest in gove...
Authors: Lysanne Lessard, Wojtek Michalowski, Michael Fung-Kee-Fung, Lori Jones and Agnes Grudniewicz
Researchers, healthcare planners, and policymakers convey a sense of urgency in using eMental healthcare technologies to improve pediatric mental healthcare availability and access. Yet, different stakeholders...
Authors: Nicole D. Gehring, Patrick McGrath, Lori Wozney, Amir Soleimani, Kathryn Bennett, Lisa Hartling, Anna Huguet, Michele P. Dyson and Amanda S. Newton
Implementing new practices requires changes in the behaviour of relevant actors, and this is facilitated by understanding of the determinants of current and desired behaviours. The Theoretical Domains Framewor...
Authors: Lou Atkins, Jill Francis, Rafat Islam, Denise O’Connor, Andrea Patey, Noah Ivers, Robbie Foy, Eilidh M. Duncan, Heather Colquhoun, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Rebecca Lawton and Susan Michie
Implementation support models are increasingly being used to enhance the delivery of evidence-based treatments (EBTs) in routine care settings. Little is known about the extent to which these models lead to co...
Authors: Sarah B. Hunter, Bing Han, Mary E. Slaughter, Susan H. Godley and Bryan R. Garner
Adoption of contemporary evidence-based guidelines for acute stroke management is often delayed due to a range of key enablers and barriers. Recent reviews on such barriers focus mainly on specific acute strok...
Authors: Leonard Baatiema, Michael E. Otim, George Mnatzaganian, Ama de-Graft Aikins, Judith Coombes and Shawn Somerset
Training is a core component in the implementation of empirically supported treatments, especially in the case of psychosocial interventions targeting mental illness. However, common forms of training are rela...
Authors: Meredith R. Boyd, Cara C. Lewis, Kelli Scott, Anne Krendl and Aaron R. Lyon
Perioperative autologous blood salvage and preoperative erythropoietin are not (cost) effective to reduce allogeneic transfusion in primary hip and knee arthroplasty, but are still used. This study aimed to ev...
Authors: Veronique M. A. Voorn, Perla J. Marang-van de Mheen, Anja van der Hout, Stefanie N. Hofstede, Cynthia So-Osman, M. Elske van den Akker-van Marle, Ad A. Kaptein, Theo Stijnen, Ankie W. M. M. Koopman-van Gemert, Albert Dahan, Thea P. M. M. Vliet Vlieland, Rob G. H. H. Nelissen and Leti van Bodegom-Vos
In 2014, nursing home administration and government officials were facing increasing public and media scrutiny around the variation of antipsychotic medication (APM) prescribing across Ontario nursing homes. I...
Authors: L. Desveaux, M. Saragosa, J. Rogers, L. Bevan, H. Loshak, A. Moser, S. Feldman, L. Regier, L. Jeffs and N. M. Ivers
An online weight management intervention (POWeR+) combined with a small amount of primary care healthcare practitioner support is effective in helping patients to lose weight, but little is known about how pra...
Authors: Emily Smith, Katherine Bradbury, Lisa Scott, Mary Steele, Paul Little and Lucy Yardley
Audit and feedback is often used as a strategy to improve quality of care, however, its effects are variable and often marginal. In order to learn how to design and deliver effective feedback, we need to under...
Authors: Wouter T. Gude, Marie-José Roos-Blom, Sabine N. van der Veer, Evert de Jonge, Niels Peek, Dave A. Dongelmans and Nicolette F. de Keizer
System-wide training initiatives to support and implement evidence-based practices (EBPs) in behavioral health systems have become increasingly widespread. Understanding more about organizations who do not par...
Authors: Rebecca E. Stewart, Danielle R. Adams, David S. Mandell, Gayatri Nangia, Lauren Shaffer, Arthur C. Evans, Ronnie Rubin, Shawna Weaver, Trevor R. Hadley and Rinad S. Beidas
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs have been shown to have a positive impact on outcome. The ERAS care system includes an evidence-based guideline, an implementation program, and an interactive au...
Authors: Leah M. Gramlich, Caroline E. Sheppard, Tracy Wasylak, Loreen E. Gilmour, Olle Ljungqvist, Carlota Basualdo-Hammond and Gregg Nelson
There is substantial evidence about the effectiveness of audit with feedback, but none that we know have been conducted in home care settings. The primary purpose of the Data for Improvement and Clinical Excel...
Authors: Kimberly D. Fraser, Anne E. Sales, Melba Andrea B. Baylon, Corinne Schalm and John J. Miklavcic
Tobacco and alcohol use present multiplicative risk for aerodigestive cancers. Reducing alcohol consumption improves smoking cessation outcomes and reduces cancer risk. Risky alcohol consumption and smoking ar...
Authors: Nadia Minian, Dolly Baliunas, Laurie Zawertailo, Aliya Noormohamed, Norman Giesbrecht, Christian S. Hendershot, Bernard Le Foll, Jürgen Rehm, Andriy Samokhvalov and Peter L. Selby
