Articles

From sensitization to adoption? A qualitative study of the implementation of a digitally supported intervention for clinical decision making in polypharmacy

Formative evaluation of the implementation process for a digitally supported intervention in polypharmacy in Germany. Qualitative research was conducted within a cluster randomized controlled trial (C-RCT). It...

Authors: Sara Söling, Juliane Köberlein-Neu, Beate Sigrid Müller, Truc Sophia Dinh, Christiane Muth, Holger Pfaff and Ute Karbach

“All about the money?” A qualitative interview study examining organizational- and system-level characteristics that promote or hinder shared decision-making in cancer care in the United States

Despite decades of ethical, empirical, and policy support, shared decision-making (SDM) has failed to become standard practice in US cancer care. Organizational and health system characteristics appear to cont...

Authors: Isabelle Scholl, Sarah Kobrin and Glyn Elwyn

Assessment of the quality of recommendations from 161 clinical practice guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation–Recommendations Excellence (AGREE-REX) instrument shows there is room for improvement

To assess the quality of recommendations from 161 clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) using AGREE-REX-D (Appraisal of Guidelines REsearch and Evaluation-Recommendations Excellence Draft).

Authors: Ivan D. Florez, Melissa C. Brouwers, Kate Kerkvliet, Karen Spithoff, Pablo Alonso-Coello, Jako Burgers, Francoise Cluzeau, Beatrice Férvers, Ian Graham, Jeremy Grimshaw, Steven Hanna, Monika Kastner, Michelle Kho, Amir Qaseem and Sharon Straus

Examining fidelity in the INFORM trial: a complex team-based behavioral intervention

Fidelity in complex behavioral interventions is underexplored. This study examines the fidelity of the INFORM trial and explores the relationship between fidelity, study arm, and the trial’s primary outcome—ca...

Authors: Liane R. Ginsburg, Matthias Hoben, Adam Easterbrook, Elizabeth Andersen, Ruth A. Anderson, Lisa Cranley, Holly J. Lanham, Peter G. Norton, Lori E. Weeks and Carole A. Estabrooks

Health plan adaptations to a mailed outreach program for colorectal cancer screening among Medicaid and Medicare enrollees: the BeneFIT study

Promoting uptake of evidence-based innovations in healthcare systems requires attention to how innovations are adapted to enhance their fit with a given setting. Little is known about real-world variation in h...

Authors: Gloria D. Coronado, Jennifer L. Schneider, Beverly B. Green, Jennifer K. Coury, Malaika R. Schwartz, Yogini Kulkarni-Sharma and Laura Mae Baldwin

Comparing effects of two higher intensity feedback interventions with simple feedback on improving staff communication in nursing homes—the INFORM cluster-randomized controlled trial

Effective communication among interdisciplinary healthcare teams is essential for quality healthcare, especially in nursing homes (NHs). Care aides provide most direct care in NHs, yet are rarely included in f...

Authors: Matthias Hoben, Liane R. Ginsburg, Adam Easterbrook, Peter G. Norton, Ruth A. Anderson, Elizabeth A. Andersen, Anne-Marie Boström, Lisa A. Cranley, Holly J. Lanham, Lori E. Weeks, Greta G. Cummings, Jayna M. Holroyd-Leduc, Janet E. Squires, Adrian S. Wagg and Carole A. Estabrooks

Incorporators, Early Investors, and Learners: a longitudinal study of organizational adaptation during EBP implementation and sustainment

The majority of literature on evidence-based practice (EBP) adaptation focuses on changes to clinical practices without explicitly addressing how organizations must adapt to accommodate a new EBP. This study e...

Authors: Rebecca Lengnick-Hall, Cathleen E. Willging, Michael S. Hurlburt and Gregory A. Aarons

A qualitative assessment of factors influencing implementation and sustainability of evidence-based tobacco use treatment in Vietnam health centers

Effective strategies are needed to increase implementation and sustainability of evidence-based tobacco dependence treatment (TDT) in public health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Our two-...

Authors: Nancy VanDevanter, Milkie Vu, Ann Nguyen, Trang Nguyen, Hoang Van Minh, Nam Truong Nguyen and Donna R. Shelley

Implementation and evaluation of nonclinical interventions for appropriate use of cesarean section in low- and middle-income countries: protocol for a multisite hybrid effectiveness-implementation type III trial

While cesarean sections (CSs) are a life-saving intervention, an increasing number are performed without medical reasons in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Unnecessary CS diverts scarce resources and...

Authors: Alexandre Dumont, Ana Pilar Betrán, Charles Kaboré, Myriam de Loenzien, Pisake Lumbiganon, Meghan A. Bohren, Quoc Nhu Hung Mac, Newton Opiyo, Guillermo Carroli, Kristi Sidney Annerstedt, Valéry Ridde, Ramón Escuriet, Michael Robson and Claudia Hanson

Measurement of sustainment of prevention programs and initiatives: the sustainment measurement system scale

Enhancing the sustainability of evidence-based prevention programs for mental and behavioral health requires tools for measuring both sustainability determinants and sustainment outcomes. The aim of this study...

Authors: Lawrence A. Palinkas, Chih-Ping Chou, Suzanne E. Spear, Sapna J. Mendon, Juan Villamar and C. Hendricks Brown

Adjust your own oxygen mask before helping those around you: an autoethnography of participatory research

There is a need to unpack the empirical, practical, and personal challenges within participatory approaches advocated to optimize implementation. The unpredictable, chaotic nature of participatory approaches c...

Authors: Abby M. Steketee, Thomas G. Archibald and Samantha M. Harden

Examining the effect of the individual characteristics of implementers and the interaction of multiple relationships on the structure of psychosocial intervention teams

Teams’ structure may undergo modifications due to the individual attributes of actors and collective-level variables. This research aims to understand the effect of extensive experience working in the program ...

Authors: Ignacio Ramos-Vidal, Jorge Palacio, Ilse Villamil and Alicia Uribe

The use of the PARIHS framework in implementation research and practice—a citation analysis of the literature

The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework was developed two decades ago and conceptualizes successful implementation (SI) as a function (f) of the evidence (E) natur...

Authors: Anna Bergström, Anna Ehrenberg, Ann Catrine Eldh, Ian D. Graham, Kazuko Gustafsson, Gillian Harvey, Sarah Hunter, Alison Kitson, Jo Rycroft-Malone and Lars Wallin

Towards a taxonomy of behavior change techniques for promoting shared decision making

There is little information about the functions and behavior change techniques (BCTs) needed to implement shared decision making (SDM) in clinical practice. To guide future implementation initiatives, we sough...

Authors: Titilayo Tatiana Agbadjé, Hélène Elidor, Milena Sia Perin, Rhéda Adekpedjou and France Légaré

Implementation outcome instruments for use in physical healthcare settings: a systematic review

Implementation research aims to facilitate the timely and routine implementation and sustainment of evidence-based interventions and services. A glaring gap in this endeavour is the capability of researchers, ...

Authors: Zarnie Khadjesari, Sabah Boufkhed, Silia Vitoratou, Laura Schatte, Alexandra Ziemann, Christina Daskalopoulou, Eleonora Uglik-Marucha, Nick Sevdalis and Louise Hull

Protocol for the 3HP Options Trial: a hybrid type 3 implementation-effectiveness randomized trial of delivery strategies for short-course tuberculosis preventive therapy among people living with HIV in Uganda

Recently, a 3-month (12-dose) regimen of weekly isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) was recommended by the World Health Organization for the prevention of tuberculosis (TB) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) on ...

Authors: Jillian L. Kadota, Allan Musinguzi, Juliet Nabunje, Fred Welishe, Jackie L. Ssemata, Opira Bishop, Christopher A. Berger, Devika Patel, Amanda Sammann, Anne Katahoire, Payam Nahid, Robert Belknap, Patrick P. J. Phillips, Jennifer Namusobya, Moses Kamya, Margaret A. Handley…

Comparing a standard and tailored approach to scaling up an evidence-based intervention for antiretroviral therapy for people who inject drugs in Vietnam: study protocol for a cluster randomized hybrid type III trial

People who inject drugs (PWID) bear a disproportionate burden of HIV infection and experience poor outcomes. A randomized trial demonstrated the efficacy of an integrated System Navigation and Psychosocial Cou...

Authors: Minh X. B. Nguyen, Anh V. Chu, Byron J. Powell, Ha V. Tran, Long H. Nguyen, An T. M. Dao, Manh D. Pham, Son H. Vo, Ngoc H. Bui, David W. Dowdy, Carl A. Latkin, Kathryn E. Lancaster, Brian W. Pence, Teerada Sripaipan, Irving Hoffman, William C. Miller…

Design and study protocol for a cluster randomized trial of a multi-faceted implementation strategy to increase the uptake of the USPSTF hypertension screening recommendations: the EMBRACE study

The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends out-of-office blood pressure (BP) testing to exclude white coat hypertension prior to hypertension diagnosis. Despite improved availability and coverag...

Authors: Nathalie Moise, Erica Phillips, Eileen Carter, Carmela Alcantara, Jacob Julian, Anusorn Thanataveerat, Joseph E. Schwartz, Siqin Ye, Andrea Duran, Daichi Shimbo and Ian M. Kronish

Champions in context: which attributes matter for change efforts in healthcare?

Research to date has focused on strategies and resources used by effective champions of healthcare change efforts, rather than personal characteristics that contribute to their success. We sought to identify a...

Authors: Kirsten Bonawitz, Marisa Wetmore, Michele Heisler, Vanessa K. Dalton, Laura J. Damschroder, Jane Forman, Katie R. Allan and Michelle H. Moniz

Correction to: Development of an intervention to facilitate implementation and uptake of diabetic retinopathy screening

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Fiona Riordan, Emmy Racine, Eunice T. Phillip, Colin Bradley, Fabiana Lorencatto, Mark Murphy, Aileen Murphy, John Browne, Susan M. Smith, Patricia M. Kearney and Sheena M. McHugh

Implementation of family psychosocial risk assessment in pediatric cancer with the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT): study protocol for a cluster-randomized comparative effectiveness trial

Childhood cancer affects and is affected by multiple levels of the social ecology, including social and relational determinants of health (e.g., economic stability, housing, childcare, healthcare access, child...

Authors: Anne E. Kazak, Janet A. Deatrick, Michele A. Scialla, Eric Sandler, Rebecca E. Madden and Lamia P. Barakat

The effects of a prolonged exposure workshop with and without consultation on provider and patient outcomes: a randomized implementation trial

Prolonged exposure therapy (PE) is an evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that is underutilized in the military health system. Standard workshop training in PE may not be sufficie...

Authors: Edna B. Foa, Carmen P. McLean, Lily A. Brown, Yinyin Zang, David Rosenfield, Laurie J. Zandberg, Wayne Ealey, Brenda S. Hanson, Lora Rose Hunter, Ivett J. Lillard, Thomas J. Patterson, Julio Rosado, Valerie Scott, Charles Weber, Joseph E. Wise, Charles D. Zamora…

Protocol: examining the effectiveness of an adaptive implementation intervention to improve uptake of the VA suicide risk identification strategy: a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial

In 2018, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) mandated implementation of a national suicide risk identification strategy (Risk ID). The goal of Risk ID is to improve the detection and management of suicide...

Authors: Nazanin H. Bahraini, Bridget B. Matarazzo, Catherine N. Barry, Edward P. Post, Jeri E. Forster, Katherine M. Dollar, Steven K. Dobscha and Lisa A. Brenner

Factors influencing the implementation of cardiovascular risk scoring in primary care: a mixed-method systematic review

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as ischemic heart disease and stroke is the leading causes of death and disability globally with a growing burden in low and middle-income countries. A credible way of managin...

Authors: Tonny B. Muthee, Derick Kimathi, Georgia C. Richards, Anthony Etyang, David Nunan, Veronika Williams and Carl Heneghan

Towards a comprehensive model for understanding adaptations’ impact: the model for adaptation design and impact (MADI)

Implementation science is shifting from qualifying adaptations as good or bad towards understanding adaptations and their impact. Existing adaptation classification frameworks are largely descriptive (e.g., wh...

Authors: M. Alexis Kirk, Julia E. Moore, Shannon Wiltsey Stirman and Sarah A. Birken

Establishing cross-systems collaborations for implementation: protocol for a longitudinal mixed methods study

Cross-system interventions can help integrate services across different service delivery systems but require organizations to establish strong collaborative relationships for implementation. Contingency theory...

Authors: Alicia C. Bunger, Emmeline Chuang, Amanda Girth, Kathryn E. Lancaster, Fawn Gadel, Marla Himmeger, Lisa Saldana, Byron J. Powell and Gregory A. Aarons

Reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections: a systematic review of barriers and facilitators and strategic behavioural analysis of interventions

Reducing the need for antibiotics is crucial in addressing the global threat of antimicrobial resistance. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is one of the most frequent device-related infectio...

Authors: Lou Atkins, Anna Sallis, Tim Chadborn, Karen Shaw, Annegret Schneider, Susan Hopkins, Amanda Bunten, Susan Michie and Fabiana Lorencatto

Building knowledge translation competency in a community-based hospital: a practice-informed curriculum for healthcare providers, researchers, and leadership

Enacting knowledge translation (KT) in healthcare settings is a complex process that requires organizational facilitation. In addition to addressing organizational-level barriers, targeting individual-level fa...

Authors: Christine Provvidenza, Ashleigh Townley, Joanne Wincentak, Sean Peacocke and Shauna Kingsnorth

Characterizing evolving frameworks: issues from Esmail et al. (2020) review

There are complex issues in understanding and categorizing implementation science theories, models, and frameworks. Systematic reviews of these models are important undertakings for synthesizing current knowle...

Authors: Russell E. Glasgow, Paul A. Estabrooks and Marcia G. Ory

Response to letter to the editor

Authors: Rosmin Esmail, Heather M. Hanson, Jayna Holroyd-Leduc, Sage Brown, Lisa Strifler, Sharon E. Straus, Daniel J. Niven and Fiona M. Clement

Effectiveness of reminders to sustain practice change among direct care providers in residential care facilities: a cluster randomized controlled trial

The study purpose was to compare the effectiveness of monthly or quarterly peer reminder knowledge translation interventions, with monthly or quarterly paper-based reminders, to sustain a mobility innovation, ...

Authors: Susan E. Slaughter, Misha Eliasziw, Carla Ickert, C. Allyson Jones, Carole A. Estabrooks and Adrian S. Wagg

Nudge strategies to improve healthcare providers’ implementation of evidence-based guidelines, policies and practices: a systematic review of trials included within Cochrane systematic reviews

Nudge interventions are those that seek to modify the social and physical environment to enhance capacity for subconscious behaviours that align with the intrinsic values of an individual, without actively res...

Authors: Sze Lin Yoong, Alix Hall, Fiona Stacey, Alice Grady, Rachel Sutherland, Rebecca Wyse, Amy Anderson, Nicole Nathan and Luke Wolfenden

Prevention of health care associated venous thromboembolism through implementing VTE prevention clinical practice guidelines in hospitalized medical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Numerous VTE prevention clinical practice guidelines are available but not consistently implemented. This sy...

Authors: Juliana Abboud, Abir Abdel Rahman, Lara Kahale, Martin Dempster and Pauline Adair

Tracking implementation strategies in the randomized rollout of a Veterans Affairs national opioid risk management initiative

In 2018, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) issued Notice 2018-08 requiring facilities to complete “case reviews” for Veterans identified in the Stratification Tool for Opioid Risk Mitigation (STORM) dash...

Authors: Shari S. Rogal, Matthew Chinman, Walid F. Gellad, Maria K. Mor, Hongwei Zhang, Sharon A. McCarthy, Genna T. Mauro, Jennifer A. Hale, Eleanor T. Lewis, Elizabeth M. Oliva, Jodie A. Trafton, Vera Yakovchenko, Adam J. Gordon and Leslie R. M. Hausmann

Quantitative measures of health policy implementation determinants and outcomes: a systematic review

Public policy has tremendous impacts on population health. While policy development has been extensively studied, policy implementation research is newer and relies largely on qualitative methods. Quantitative...

Authors: Peg Allen, Meagan Pilar, Callie Walsh-Bailey, Cole Hooley, Stephanie Mazzucca, Cara C. Lewis, Kayne D. Mettert, Caitlin N. Dorsey, Jonathan Purtle, Maura M. Kepper, Ana A. Baumann and Ross C. Brownson

Audit and feedback to improve laboratory test and transfusion ordering in critical care: a systematic review

Laboratory tests and transfusions are sometimes ordered inappropriately, particularly in the critical care setting, which sees frequent use of both. Audit and Feedback (A&F) is a potentially useful interventio...

Authors: Madison Foster, Justin Presseau, Nicola McCleary, Kelly Carroll, Lauralyn McIntyre, Brian Hutton and Jamie Brehaut

Impetus to change: a multi-site qualitative exploration of the national audit of dementia

National audit is a key strategy used to improve care for patients with dementia. Audit and feedback has been shown to be effective, but with variation in how much it improves care. Both evidence and theory id...

Authors: Michael Sykes, Richard Thomson, Niina Kolehmainen, Louise Allan and Tracy Finch

Contracting as a bridging factor linking outer and inner contexts during EBP implementation and sustainment: a prospective study across multiple U.S. public sector service systems

Bridging factors are relational ties (e.g. partnerships), formal arrangements (e.g. contracts or polices) and processes (e.g. data sharing agreements) linking outer and inner contexts and are a recent evolutio...

Authors: Rebecca Lengnick-Hall, Cathleen Willging, Michael Hurlburt, Karissa Fenwick and Gregory A. Aarons

Implementation science in times of Covid-19

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 affects all of us and is associated with rapid and massive changes in healthcare and societies. As a response, a range of interventions for patients and populations have be...

Authors: Michel Wensing, Anne Sales, Rebecca Armstrong and Paul Wilson

Effectiveness of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies on health care professionals’ behaviour and patient outcomes in the cancer care context: a systematic review

Health care professionals (HCPs) use clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to make evidence-informed decisions regarding patient care. Although a large number of cancer-related CPGs exist, it is unknown which CP...

Authors: Jennifer R. Tomasone, Kaitlyn D. Kauffeldt, Rushil Chaudhary and Melissa C. Brouwers

Effectiveness of training methods for delivery of evidence-based psychotherapies: a systematic review

Extensive efforts have been made to train mental health providers in evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs); there is increasing attention focused on the methods through which providers are trained to deliver E...

Authors: Helen Valenstein-Mah, Nancy Greer, Lauren McKenzie, Lucas Hansen, Thad Q. Strom, Shannon Wiltsey Stirman, Timothy J. Wilt and Shannon M. Kehle-Forbes

Clinicians’ attitudes and perceived barriers and facilitators to cancer treatment clinical practice guideline adherence: a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative literature

Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) synthesize the best available evidence to guide clinician and patient decision making. There are a multitude of barriers and facilitators to clinicians adhering to CPGs; how...

Authors: Mia Bierbaum, Frances Rapport, Gaston Arnolda, Brona Nic Giolla Easpaig, Klay Lamprell, Karen Hutchinson, Geoff P. Delaney, Winston Liauw, Richard Kefford, Ian Olver and Jeffrey Braithwaite

Effects of de-implementation strategies aimed at reducing low-value nursing procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis

In the last decade, there is an increasing focus on detecting and compiling lists of low-value nursing procedures. However, less is known about effective de-implementation strategies for these procedures. Ther...

Authors: Tessa Rietbergen, Denise Spoon, Anja H. Brunsveld-Reinders, Jan W. Schoones, Anita Huis, Maud Heinen, Anke Persoon, Monique van Dijk, Hester Vermeulen, Erwin Ista and Leti van Bodegom-Vos

Use of the GRADE approach in health policymaking and evaluation: a scoping review of nutrition and physical activity policies

Nutrition and physical activity policies have the potential to influence lifestyle patterns and reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases. In the world of health-related guidelines, GRADE (Grading of Reco...

Authors: Jasmin Zähringer, Lukas Schwingshackl, Ani Movsisyan, Jan M. Stratil, Sara Capacci, Jürgen M. Steinacker, Sarah Forberger, Wolfgang Ahrens, Daniela Küllenberg de Gaudry, Holger J. Schünemann and Joerg J. Meerpohl

Correction to: Guideline-based quality indicators—a systematic comparison of German and international clinical practice guidelines

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Monika Becker, Jessica Breuing, Monika Nothacker, Stefanie Deckert, Marie Brombach, Jochen Schmitt, Edmund Neugebauer and Dawid Pieper

Optimising and profiling pre-implementation contexts to create and implement a public health network intervention for tackling loneliness

The implementation of complex interventions experiences challenges that affect the extent to which they become embedded and scaled-up. Implementation at scale in complex environments like community settings de...

Authors: J. Ellis, R. Band, K. Kinsella, T. Cheetham-Blake, E. James, S. Ewings and A. Rogers

Development of an intervention to facilitate implementation and uptake of diabetic retinopathy screening

‘Implementation interventions’ refer to methods used to enhance the adoption and implementation of clinical interventions such as diabetic retinopathy screening (DRS). DRS is effective, yet uptake is often sub...

Authors: Fiona Riordan, Emmy Racine, Eunice T. Phillip, Colin Bradley, Fabiana Lorencatto, Mark Murphy, Aileen Murphy, John Browne, Susan M. Smith, Patricia M. Kearney and Sheena M. McHugh

Impact of a change of bronchodilator medications in a hospital drug formulary on intra- and out-of-hospital drug prescriptions: interrupted time series design with comparison group

Hospital drug formularies are reduced lists of drugs designed to optimise inpatient care. Adherence to the drugs included in such formularies is not always 100% but is generally very high. Little research has ...

Authors: Raquel Vázquez-Mourelle, Eduardo Carracedo-Martínez and Adolfo Figueiras

Analysis of the implementation of a community-based intervention to control dengue fever in Burkina Faso

A community-based dengue fever intervention was implemented in Burkina Faso in 2017. The results achieved vary from one area to another. The objective of this article is to analyze the implementation of this i...

Authors: Issa Sombié, Stéphanie Degroote, Paul André Somé and Valéry Ridde

A protocol for evaluating a multi-level implementation theory to scale-up obstetric triage in referral hospitals in Ghana

Ghana significantly reduced maternal and newborn mortality between 1990 and 2015, largely through efforts focused on improving access to care. Yet achieving further progress requires improving the quality and ...

Authors: Caitlin R. Williams, Stephanie Bogdewic, Medge D. Owen, Emmanuel K. Srofenyoh and Rohit Ramaswamy