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  1. The prescribing of high-risk medications to older adults remains extremely common and results in potentially avoidable health consequences. Efforts to reduce prescribing have had limited success, in part becau...

    Authors: Julie C. Lauffenburger, Thomas Isaac, Lorenzo Trippa, Punam Keller, Ted Robertson, Robert J. Glynn, Thomas D. Sequist, Dae H. Kim, Constance P. Fontanet, Edward W. B. Castonguay, Nancy Haff, Renee A. Barlev, Mufaddal Mahesri, Chandrashekar Gopalakrishnan and Niteesh K. Choudhry
    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:9
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  2. Healthcare workers perform clinical behaviours which impact on patient diagnoses, care, treatment and recovery. Some methods of supporting healthcare workers in changing their behaviour make use of social norm...

    Authors: Mei Yee Tang, Sarah Rhodes, Rachael Powell, Laura McGowan, Elizabeth Howarth, Benjamin Brown and Sarah Cotterill
    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:8
    Content type: Systematic review Published on:

  3. The misuse of and addiction to opioids is a national crisis that affects public health as well as social and economic welfare. There is an urgent need for strategies to improve opioid use disorder treatment qu...

    Authors: Megan A. O’Grady, Patricia Lincourt, Belinda Greenfield, Marc W. Manseau, Shazia Hussain, Kamala Greene Genece and Charles J. Neighbors
    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:5
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  4. Improving quality of care is a key priority to reduce neonatal mortality and stillbirths. The Safe Care, Saving Lives programme aimed to improve care in newborn care units and labour wards of 60 public and pri...

    Authors: Karen Zamboni, Samiksha Singh, Mukta Tyagi, Zelee Hill, Claudia Hanson and Joanna Schellenberg
    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:4
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Thirty-three US states and Washington, D.C., have enacted medical cannabis laws allowing patients with chronic non-cancer pain to use cannabis, when recommended by a physician, to manage their condition. Howev...

    Authors: Emma E. McGinty, Kayla N. Tormohlen, Colleen L. Barry, Mark C. Bicket, Lainie Rutkow and Elizabeth A. Stuart
    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:2
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  6. Despite the known benefits of healthy eating in childhood, few Australian childcare services provide food that is consistent with dietary guidelines. The effectiveness of a web-based menu planning intervention...

    Authors: Penny Reeves, Kim Edmunds, Zoe Szewczyk, Alice Grady, Sze Lin Yoong, Luke Wolfenden, Rebecca Wyse, Meghan Finch, Fiona Stacey, John Wiggers and Andrew Searles
    Citation: Implementation Science 2021 16:1
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Authors: Noura Bawab, Joanna C. Moullin, Olivier Bugnon, Clémence Perraudin, April Morrow, Priscilla Chan, Emily Hogden, Natalie Taylor, Mark Pearson, Daniele Carrieri, Karen Mattick, Chrysanthi Papoutsi, Simon Briscoe, Geoff Wong, Mark Jackson, Alita Rushton…
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15(Suppl 4):105
    Content type: Meeting abstracts Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 4

  8. Theory-based methods to support the uptake of evidence-based practices (EBPs) are critical to improving mental health outcomes. Implementation strategy costs can be substantial, and few have been rigorously ev...

    Authors: Andria B. Eisman, David W. Hutton, Lisa A. Prosser, Shawna N. Smith and Amy M. Kilbourne
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:109
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Implementation of multifaceted interventions typically involves many diverse elements working together in interrelated ways, including intervention components, implementation strategies, and features of local ...

    Authors: Rebecca Garr Whitaker, Nina Sperber, Michael Baumgartner, Alrik Thiem, Deborah Cragun, Laura Damschroder, Edward J. Miech, Alecia Slade and Sarah Birken
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:108
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Implementation Science 2021 16:11

  10. With the global shortage of skilled health workers estimated at 7.2 million, outpatient tuberculosis (TB) care is commonly task-shifted to lay health workers (LHWs) in many low- and middle-income countries whe...

    Authors: Lisa M. Puchalski Ritchie, Monique van Lettow, Austine Makwakwa, Ester C. Kip, Sharon E. Straus, Harry Kawonga, Jemila S. Hamid, Gerald Lebovic, Kevin E. Thorpe, Merrick Zwarenstein, Michael J. Schull, Adrienne K. Chan, Alexandra Martiniuk and Vanessa van Schoor
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:107
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. In low- and middle-income countries, there is an increasing attention towards community approaches to deal with the growing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few studies have explored the implem...

    Authors: Rawlance Ndejjo, Rhoda K. Wanyenze, Fred Nuwaha, Hilde Bastiaens and Geofrey Musinguzi
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:106
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Clinical leadership is fundamental in facilitating service improvements in healthcare. Few studies have attempted to understand or model the different approaches to leadership which are used when promoting the...

    Authors: Amy Grove, Aileen Clarke, Graeme Currie, Andy Metcalfe, Catherine Pope and Kate Seers
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:104
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  13. Although comprehensive reporting guidelines for implementation strategy use within implementation research exist, they are rarely used by clinical (i.e., efficacy and effectiveness) researchers. In this debate...

    Authors: Brittany N. Rudd, Molly Davis and Rinad S. Beidas
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:103
    Content type: Debate Published on:

  14. The true burden of tuberculosis in children remains unknown, but approximately 65% go undetected each year. Guidelines for tuberculosis clinical decision-making are in place in Kenya, and the National Tubercul...

    Authors: Jacquie Narotso Oliwa, Jacinta Nzinga, Enos Masini, Michaël Boele van Hensbroek, Caroline Jones, Mike English and Anja van’t Hoog
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:102
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Compliance with clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) remains insufficient around the world, despite frequent updates and continuing efforts to disseminate and implement these guidelines through a variety of str...

    Authors: Noriko Sasaki, Naohito Yamaguchi, Akiko Okumura, Masahiro Yoshida, Hiroyuki Sugawara, Jung-ho Shin, Susumu Kunisawa and Yuichi Imanaka
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:101
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Inappropriate laboratory test ordering poses an important burden for healthcare. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) have been cited as promising tools to improve laboratory test ordering behavior. The ob...

    Authors: Nicolas Delvaux, Veerle Piessens, Tine De Burghgraeve, Pavlos Mamouris, Bert Vaes, Robert Vander Stichele, Hanne Cloetens, Josse Thomas, Dirk Ramaekers, An De Sutter and Bert Aertgeerts
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:100
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. The implementation of evidence-based protocols for stroke management in the emergency department (ED) for the appropriate triage, administration of tissue plasminogen activator to eligible patients, management...

    Authors: Elizabeth McInnes, Simeon Dale, Louise Craig, Rosemary Phillips, Oyebola Fasugba, Verena Schadewaldt, N. Wah Cheung, Dominique A. Cadilhac, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Chris Levi, Julie Considine, Patrick McElduff, Richard Gerraty, Mark Fitzgerald, Jeanette Ward, Catherine D’Este…
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:99
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Despite being one of the few evidence-based treatments for acute ischemic stroke, intravenous thrombolysis has low implementation rates—mainly due to a narrow therapeutic window and the health system changes r...

    Authors: Md Golam Hasnain, John R. Attia, Shahinoor Akter, Tabassum Rahman, Alix Hall, Isobel J. Hubbard, Christopher R. Levi and Christine L. Paul
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:98
    Content type: Systematic review Published on:

  19. The field of dissemination and implementation (D&I) science has grown significantly over recent years. Alongside this, an increased demand for training in D&I from researchers and implementers has been seen. R...

    Authors: Rachel Davis and Danielle D’Lima
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:97
    Content type: Systematic review Published on:

  20. Screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) not only detects disease early when treatment is more effective but also prevents cancer by finding and removing precancerous polyps. Because many of our nation’s most dis...

    Authors: Karen Kim, Blasé Polite, Donald Hedeker, David Liebovitz, Fornessa Randal, Manasi Jayaprakash, Michael Quinn, Sang Mee Lee and Helen Lam
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:96
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  21. Osteoarthritis is a leading cause of pain and disability worldwide. Despite research supporting best practice, evidence-based guidelines are often not followed. Little is known about the implementation of non-...

    Authors: Laura Swaithes, Krysia Dziedzic, Andrew Finney, Elizabeth Cottrell, Clare Jinks, Christian Mallen, Graeme Currie and Zoe Paskins
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:95
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Substance use disorders (SUDs) lead to tens-of-thousands of overdose deaths and other forms of preventable deaths in the USA each year. This results in over $500 billion per year in societal and economic costs...

    Authors: Veronica M. White, Todd Molfenter, David H. Gustafson, Julie Horst, Rachelle Greller, David H. Gustafson Jr, Jee-Seon Kim, Eric Preuss, Olivia Cody, Praan Pisitthakarm and Alexander Toy
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:94
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  23. The use of low-value care (LVC) is widespread and has an impact on both the use of resources and the quality of care. However, few studies have thus far studied the factors influencing the use of LVC from the ...

    Authors: Sara Ingvarsson, Hanna Augustsson, Henna Hasson, Per Nilsen, Ulrica von Thiele Schwarz and Mia von Knorring
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:93
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Cirrhosis is a rapidly increasing cause of global mortality. To improve cirrhosis care, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) developed the Hepatic Innovation Team (HIT) Collaborative to support VA Medical...

    Authors: Shari S. Rogal, Vera Yakovchenko, Timothy Morgan, Jasmohan S. Bajaj, Rachel Gonzalez, Angela Park, Lauren Beste, Edward J. Miech, Carolyn Lamorte, Brittney Neely, Sandra Gibson, Patrick S. Malone, Maggie Chartier, Tamar Taddei, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Byron J. Powell…
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:92
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  25. Studies of clinical effectiveness have demonstrated the many benefits of programmes that avoid unnecessary hospitalisations. Therefore, it is imperative to examine the factors influencing implementation of the...

    Authors: Mitchell Sarkies, Janet C. Long, Chiara Pomare, Wendy Wu, Robyn Clay-Williams, Hoa Mi Nguyen, Emilie Francis-Auton, Johanna Westbrook, Jean-Frédéric Levesque, Diane E. Watson and Jeffrey Braithwaite
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:91
    Content type: Systematic review Published on:

  26. An epidemic of health disorders can be triggered by a collective manifestation of inappropriate behaviors, usually systematically fueled by non-medical factors at the individual and/or societal levels. This st...

    Authors: Leesa Lin, Prima Alam, Elizabeth Fearon and James R. Hargreaves
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:90
    Content type: Systematic review Published on:

  27. Research has the potential to influence US social policy; however, existing research in this area lacks a coherent message. The Model for Dissemination of Research provides a framework through which to synthes...

    Authors: Laura Ellen Ashcraft, Deirdre A. Quinn and Ross C. Brownson
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:89
    Content type: Systematic review Published on:

  28. Implementation science has focused mainly on the initial uptake and use of evidence-based practices (EBPs), with less attention to sustainment—i.e., continuous use of these practices, as intended, over time in...

    Authors: Sarah A. Birken, Emily R. Haines, Soohyun Hwang, David A. Chambers, Alicia C. Bunger and Per Nilsen
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:88
    Content type: Systematic review Published on:

  29. Though the knowledge base on implementation strategies is growing, much remains unknown about how to most effectively operationalize these strategies in diverse contexts. For example, while evidence shows that...

    Authors: Arwen E. Bunce, Inga Gruß, James V. Davis, Stuart Cowburn, Deborah Cohen, Jee Oakley and Rachel Gold
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:87
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Authors: Sara J. Landes, Suzanne E. U. Kerns, Meagan R. Pilar, Callie Walsh-Bailey, Stephanie H. Yu, Y. Vivian Byeon, Margaret E. Crane, Madeline Larson, Heather L. Bullock, Ana A. Baumann, Katherine Anne Comtois, Doyanne Darnell, Shannon Dorsey, Phil Fizur, Cara C. Lewis, Joanna C. Moullin…
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15(Suppl 3):76
    Content type: Introduction Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 3

  32. Failing to account for the resources required to successfully implement public health interventions can lead to an underestimation of costs and budget impact, optimistic cost-effectiveness estimates, and ultim...

    Authors: Hojoon Sohn, Austin Tucker, Olivia Ferguson, Isabella Gomes and David Dowdy
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:86
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  33. Mis-implementation—defined as failure to successfully implement and continue evidence-based programs—is widespread in public health practice. Yet the causes of this phenomenon are poorly understood.

    Authors: Joseph T. Ornstein, Ross A. Hammond, Margaret Padek, Stephanie Mazzucca and Ross C. Brownson
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:85
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  34. Numerous models, frameworks, and theories exist for specific aspects of implementation research, including for determinants, strategies, and outcomes. However, implementation research projects often fail to pr...

    Authors: Justin D. Smith, Dennis H. Li and Miriam R. Rafferty
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:84
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Letter to the Editor to this article has been published in Implementation Science 2021 16:97

  35. Use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) is rapidly growing for treatment of atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. However, incorrect dosing of these medications is common and puts patients at risk o...

    Authors: Geoffrey D. Barnes, Emily Sippola, Michael Dorsch, Joshua Errickson, Michael Lanham, Arthur Allen, Patrick Spoutz, Anne E. Sales and Jeremy Sussman
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:83
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  36. Formative evaluation of the implementation process for a digitally supported intervention in polypharmacy in Germany. Qualitative research was conducted within a cluster randomized controlled trial (C-RCT). It...

    Authors: Sara Söling, Juliane Köberlein-Neu, Beate Sigrid Müller, Truc Sophia Dinh, Christiane Muth, Holger Pfaff and Ute Karbach
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:82
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Despite decades of ethical, empirical, and policy support, shared decision-making (SDM) has failed to become standard practice in US cancer care. Organizational and health system characteristics appear to cont...

    Authors: Isabelle Scholl, Sarah Kobrin and Glyn Elwyn
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:81
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. To assess the quality of recommendations from 161 clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) using AGREE-REX-D (Appraisal of Guidelines REsearch and Evaluation-Recommendations Excellence Draft).

    Authors: Ivan D. Florez, Melissa C. Brouwers, Kate Kerkvliet, Karen Spithoff, Pablo Alonso-Coello, Jako Burgers, Francoise Cluzeau, Beatrice Férvers, Ian Graham, Jeremy Grimshaw, Steven Hanna, Monika Kastner, Michelle Kho, Amir Qaseem and Sharon Straus
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:79
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Fidelity in complex behavioral interventions is underexplored. This study examines the fidelity of the INFORM trial and explores the relationship between fidelity, study arm, and the trial’s primary outcome—ca...

    Authors: Liane R. Ginsburg, Matthias Hoben, Adam Easterbrook, Elizabeth Andersen, Ruth A. Anderson, Lisa Cranley, Holly J. Lanham, Peter G. Norton, Lori E. Weeks and Carole A. Estabrooks
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:78
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Promoting uptake of evidence-based innovations in healthcare systems requires attention to how innovations are adapted to enhance their fit with a given setting. Little is known about real-world variation in h...

    Authors: Gloria D. Coronado, Jennifer L. Schneider, Beverly B. Green, Jennifer K. Coury, Malaika R. Schwartz, Yogini Kulkarni-Sharma and Laura Mae Baldwin
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:77
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Effective communication among interdisciplinary healthcare teams is essential for quality healthcare, especially in nursing homes (NHs). Care aides provide most direct care in NHs, yet are rarely included in f...

    Authors: Matthias Hoben, Liane R. Ginsburg, Adam Easterbrook, Peter G. Norton, Ruth A. Anderson, Elizabeth A. Andersen, Anne-Marie Boström, Lisa A. Cranley, Holly J. Lanham, Lori E. Weeks, Greta G. Cummings, Jayna M. Holroyd-Leduc, Janet E. Squires, Adrian S. Wagg and Carole A. Estabrooks
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:75
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. The majority of literature on evidence-based practice (EBP) adaptation focuses on changes to clinical practices without explicitly addressing how organizations must adapt to accommodate a new EBP. This study e...

    Authors: Rebecca Lengnick-Hall, Cathleen E. Willging, Michael S. Hurlburt and Gregory A. Aarons
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:74
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Effective strategies are needed to increase implementation and sustainability of evidence-based tobacco dependence treatment (TDT) in public health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Our two-...

    Authors: Nancy VanDevanter, Milkie Vu, Ann Nguyen, Trang Nguyen, Hoang Van Minh, Nam Truong Nguyen and Donna R. Shelley
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:73
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. While cesarean sections (CSs) are a life-saving intervention, an increasing number are performed without medical reasons in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Unnecessary CS diverts scarce resources and...

    Authors: Alexandre Dumont, Ana Pilar Betrán, Charles Kaboré, Myriam de Loenzien, Pisake Lumbiganon, Meghan A. Bohren, Quoc Nhu Hung Mac, Newton Opiyo, Guillermo Carroli, Kristi Sidney Annerstedt, Valéry Ridde, Ramón Escuriet, Michael Robson and Claudia Hanson
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:72
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  45. Enhancing the sustainability of evidence-based prevention programs for mental and behavioral health requires tools for measuring both sustainability determinants and sustainment outcomes. The aim of this study...

    Authors: Lawrence A. Palinkas, Chih-Ping Chou, Suzanne E. Spear, Sapna J. Mendon, Juan Villamar and C. Hendricks Brown
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:71
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  46. There is a need to unpack the empirical, practical, and personal challenges within participatory approaches advocated to optimize implementation. The unpredictable, chaotic nature of participatory approaches c...

    Authors: Abby M. Steketee, Thomas G. Archibald and Samantha M. Harden
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:70
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Teams’ structure may undergo modifications due to the individual attributes of actors and collective-level variables. This research aims to understand the effect of extensive experience working in the program ...

    Authors: Ignacio Ramos-Vidal, Jorge Palacio, Ilse Villamil and Alicia Uribe
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:69
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework was developed two decades ago and conceptualizes successful implementation (SI) as a function (f) of the evidence (E) natur...

    Authors: Anna Bergström, Anna Ehrenberg, Ann Catrine Eldh, Ian D. Graham, Kazuko Gustafsson, Gillian Harvey, Sarah Hunter, Alison Kitson, Jo Rycroft-Malone and Lars Wallin
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:68
    Content type: Systematic review Published on:

  49. There is little information about the functions and behavior change techniques (BCTs) needed to implement shared decision making (SDM) in clinical practice. To guide future implementation initiatives, we sough...

    Authors: Titilayo Tatiana Agbadjé, Hélène Elidor, Milena Sia Perin, Rhéda Adekpedjou and France Légaré
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:67
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Implementation research aims to facilitate the timely and routine implementation and sustainment of evidence-based interventions and services. A glaring gap in this endeavour is the capability of researchers, ...

    Authors: Zarnie Khadjesari, Sabah Boufkhed, Silia Vitoratou, Laura Schatte, Alexandra Ziemann, Christina Daskalopoulou, Eleonora Uglik-Marucha, Nick Sevdalis and Louise Hull
    Citation: Implementation Science 2020 15:66
    Content type: Systematic review Published on:
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Implementation Science

ISSN: 1748-5908