Instruments measuring evidence-based practice behavior, attitudes, and self-efficacy among healthcare professionals: a systematic review of measurement properties

Table 5 Qualitatively summarized results, overall rating, and quality of evidence (GRADE) on measurement error per instrument

Instrument (reference)	Summarized result on measurement error	Overall rating	Quality of evidence
Instrument (reference)	Summarized result on measurement error	Overall rating	Quality level	Reason
EBPAS [41]	LoA < SRD on all subscales	( +)	Moderate	− 1 impre
EBP inventory [67]	MDC95 (absolute value) range from 3.5 to 7.2. Indeterminate rating (?) since MIC not defined	(?)	No grade
EPIC [69, 70]	MDC95 (absolute value) range from 4.1 to 4.6. Indeterminate rating (?) since MIC not defined	(?)	No grade
EBP2 [92]	SEM: ranging from 0.29 to 0.44. Indeterminate rating (?) since MIC not defined	(?)	No grade

SEM Standard error of measurement, LoA Limits of agreement, SDC Smallest detectable change, MIC Minimal important change
Overall rating of result: ( +) = sufficient result; ( −) = insufficient result; (?) = indeterminate result; ( ±) = inconsistent results
Quality of evidence: modified GRADE approach [28, 31]. Quality levels: high, moderate, low, and very low
Reasons for downgrade: risk of bias = “RoB”, inconsistency = “Incon”, imprecision = “Impre”, indirectness = “Indir”

ISSN: 1748-5908