Table 1 Summarized results on quality assessment, rating, and quality of evidence on the development and content validity per instrument

EBPAS [36, 41, 97,98,99]

Doubtful

Yes

( +)

Very low*

(–)

Very Low*

( +)

Moderate (rob)

EBPAS-50 [45]

Doubtful

Yes

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

EBPAS-36 [47, 100]

Doubtful

Yes

( +)

Low (rob)

(–)

Very low *

( +)

Moderate (rob)

EBPQ [48, 49, 51, 52, 54, 101]

Doubtful

Yes

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Low (incon + rob)

EBP Beliefs [56, 58, 59, 99]

Inadequate

No

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Moderate (rob)

EBP Beliefs-Short [102]

Inadequate

No

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

EBP Implement [56, 58]

Inadequate

No

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Moderate (rob)

EBP Implement-Short [102]

Inadequate

No

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

Ethiopian EBP Implement [111]

Inadequate

No

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Low (rob × 2)

Al Zoubi Questionnaire [62]

Doubtful

Yes

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

EBPP-S [63]

Inadequate

No

( ±)

Very low *

(–)

Very low *

--

--

Jette [64, 103]

Inadequate

No

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Moderate (rob)

( +)

Moderate (rob)

Bernhardsson [65]

Inadequate

No

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Low (rob × 2)

( +)

Low (rob × 2)

EBP inventory [66, 67]

Doubtful

Yes

( +)

Low (rob × 2)

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Moderate

(rob)

EPIC [68]

Doubtful

No

( +)

Low (rob × 2)

( +)

Low (rob × 2)

( +)

Low (rob × 2)

MPAS [71]

Inadequate

No

( +)

Very low *

(–)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

EBPPAS [73]

Inadequate

No

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

SE-EBP [76]

Doubtful

Yes

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

EBPSE [78]

Doubtful

Yes

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

EBP Capability Beliefs [79]

Inadequate

No

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

HEAT [80]

Doubtful

Yes

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

EBP-KABQ [81]

Doubtful

No

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

Quick EBP-VIK [82, 84]

Doubtful

No

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Moderate (rob)

HS-EBP [85]

Adequate

Yes

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

EBPRS [87, 88]

Inadequate

No

( ±)

Very low *

(-)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

EBP2 [89, 90, 92]

Doubtful

No

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Moderate (rob)

ISP-D [93]

Adequate

Yes

( +)

Low (rob × 2)

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Low (rob × 2)

EBNAQ [95]

Doubtful

Yes

( +)

Low (rob × 2)

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Low (rob × 2)

Diermayr [96]

Doubtful

Yes

( +)

Very low *

(-)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

EBP-COQ Prof [105, 106]

Doubtful

Yes

( +)

Low (rob × 2)

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Moderate (rob)

EIDM competence measure [107]

Adequate

Yes

( +)

Moderate (rob)

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Moderate (rob)

I-SABE [108]

Doubtful

Yes

( +)

Low (rob × 2)

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Low (rob × 2)

Noor EBM [109]

Doubtful

Yes

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Low (rob × 2)

EBP-CBFRI [110]

Doubtful

No

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *

( +)

Very low *