Implementing traumatic brain injury screening in behavioral health treatment settings: results of an explanatory sequential mixed-methods investigation

Table 2 Differences between demographic characteristics on TBI screening behaviors

	Screened 55 (25.6%)	Did not screen 160 (74.4%)	p-value^a	Effect size
Sample set			0.05	0.04b
Sample 1	4 (7.3)	11 (6.9)
Sample 2	9 (16.4)	14 (8.8)
Sample 3	25 (45.5)	105 (65.6)
Sample 4	17 (30.9)	30 (18.8)
Age group			0.99	0.00b
18–24	1 (1.8)	3 (1.9)
25–34	11 (20.0)	43 (26.9)
35–54	25 (45.5)	72 (45.0)
55–65	12 (21.8)	37 (23.2)
> 65	5 (9.1)	12 (7.5)
Gender
Female	47 (85.5)	134 (84.5)	0.81	0.00b
Male	7 (12.7)	23 (14.4)
Nonbinary	0 (0.0)	1 (0.1)
Race/ethnicity			0.92	0.01b
Caucasian or White	44 (80.0)	132 (82.5)
African American or Black	5 (9.1)	11 (6.9)
Multi-racial	2 (3.6)	9 (5.6)
Hispanic or Latinx	2 (3.6)	4 (2.5)
Asian or Pacific Islander	1 (1.8)	1 (0.1)
Other	1 (1.8)	3 (0.02)
Highest level of education			0.02*	.16^b
Masters or doctorate	49 (89.1)**	117 (73.1)**
Associates or bachelors	6 (10.9)**	40 (25.0)**
Behavioral health setting			0.03*	0.33^b
Private practice	23 (41.8)**	34 (21.3)**
Community-based outpatient clinic	13 (23.6)	42 (26.3)
Hospital-based outpatient services	9 (16.4)	16 (10.0)
Residential treatment facility	4 (7.3)	4 (2.5)
Prison/jail	2 (3.6)	10 (6.3)
School-based behavioral health	1 (1.8)	10 (6.3)
Senior services	1 (1.8)	4 (2.5)
Hospital-based inpatient services	0 (0.0)	9 (5.6)
Managed care organization	0 (0.0)	4 (2.5)
Public health agency	0 (0.0)	3 (1.9)
Child welfare agency	0 (0.0)	9 (5.6)
Other^c	2 (3.6)	11(6.9)
Years worked as a behavioral health provider (M, SD)	14.2 (10.4)	13.9 (9.6)	0.85	0.03b
Years worked at the current organization (M, SD)	5.67 (6.3)	7.6 (7.9)	0.11	0.25b

^aBased on chi-square, one-way ANOVA, or independent samples t-test
^bSmall effect. Note: Effect sizes are based on eta-squared, Phi, or Cohen’s D and interpreted using standard cutoffs for the respective statistical test
^cOther behavioral health settings include primary care, military-based treatment setting, homeless shelter, community outreach and crisis center, affordable housing agency, employee assistance program, domestic violence shelter, local government authority, university academic medical institute, and professional ice hockey organization. In this group, only one provider from a domestic violence agency and one provider from the professional ice hockey organization screened for TBI
^*Significant at the p < .05 level
^**Post hoc analyses demonstrated significant differences at the p < .05 level

ISSN: 1748-5908