Table 3 Tabular results from the frontline clinician panel

1

Lung-protective ventilation

Fan et al. (2017) [4]

Mechanical ventilation using lower tidal volumes (4–8 ml/kg predicted body weight) and lower inspiratory pressures (plateau pressure < 30 cm H2O) for adult patients with ARDS

39 (97.5%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (2.5%)

4.79 (0.47)

3.02 (1.17)

4.63 (0.66)

1

Prone positioning

Fan et al. (2017) [4]

Prone positioning for more than 12 h/day for adult patients with severe ARDS

28 (75.7%)

2 (5.4%)

7 (18.9%)

4.54 (0.68)

4.08 (1.27)

4.32 (0.78)

2

Analgesia-first approach to sedation

Strom (2010) [10]

Strategy to keep the amount and duration of sedation to a minimum

25 (65.8%)

4 (10.5%)

9 (23.7%)

3.53 (1.18)

3.47 (1.16)

3.89 (0.79)

2

Protocol-based pain assessment and management

Devlin et al. (2018) [11]

Routine use of an assessment-driven, protocol-based, stepwise approach for pain and sedation management in critically ill adults. Pain should be treated before a sedative agent is considered

28 (73.7%)

5 (13.2%)

5 (13.2%)

3.66 (1.24)

3.42 (1.29)

3.97 (0.87)

2

Conservative fluid management

Semler et al. (2016) [12]

Conservative fluid management.

24 (61.5%)

4 (10.3%)

11 (28.2%)

3.49 (1.19)

3.26 (1.19)

3.78 (0.85)

2

Daily awakening and breathing trials

Girard et al. (2008) [13]

Use of daily sedative interruption/nurse-protocolized sedation to achieve and maintain a light level of sedation

32 (84.2%)

0 (0.0%)

6 (15.8%)

4.13 (0.92)

3.41 (1.16)

4.35 (0.68)

2

Early mobilization

Devlin et al. (2018) [11]

For acutely hospitalized patients who have been mechanically ventilated for > 24 h, suggested protocolized rehabilitation directed toward early mobilization

32 (82.1%)

1 (2.6%)

6 (15.4%)

4.08 (0.84)

4.21 (0.98)

4.19 (0.70)

2

Sedation protocols

Devlin et al. (2018) [11]

Using either propofol or dexmedetomidine is preferred over benzodiazepines for sedation in critically ill, mechanically ventilated adults

35 (89.7%)

1 (2.6%)

3 (7.7%)

4.49 (0.79)

3.13 (1.36)

4.18 (0.93)

3

Ventilator liberation protocol

Schmidt et al. (2017) [14]

Manage acutely hospitalized adults who have been MV > 24 h with a ventilator liberation protocol (designed to reduce variation in practice)

25 (65.8%)

3 (7.9%)

10 (26.3%)

4.03 (1.03)

3.58 (1.18)

4.15 (0.93)

3

Extubation to preventive noninvasive ventilation

Ouellette et al. (2017) [15]

Extubation to preventive noninvasive ventilation (NIV)

11 (29.0%)

16 (42.1%)

11 (29.0%)

3.80 (1.01)

3.72 (1.03)

3.60 (0.95)

3

Extubation to high-flow nasal cannula

Hernandez (2016) [16]

Extubation to high-flow nasal cannula

10 (27.0%)

11 (29.7%)

16 (43.2%)

4.00 (0.82)

3.46 (1.04)

3.50 (0.93)