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Table 6 Dissemination outcome constructs, suggested definition, frequency of construct across frameworks, and other names in the literature

From: A scoping review of frameworks in empirical studies and a review of dissemination frameworks

Outcome construct

Suggested definition

Total frequency

Other names in the literature

Awareness

The user/audience being cognizant of the information or communication

8

Awareness

Reception

The audience must give attention to reading the incoming message

2

Reception

Persuasion

When an individual forms a favorable or unfavorable attitude towards the innovation

3

Persuasion

Emotion reactions

Emotional state at the time of the message encounter and by feelings induced by the message

3

Affective reactions

Decision

Choices to accept or reject an innovation that are made by an individual independent of the decisions of the other members of the system

5

Decision, rationale

Knowledge gained

Knowledge gain when an individual or group of people learn about the innovation

3

Knowledge gained

Knowledge utilization

Knowledge and skills to engage with the innovation

11

Knowledge utilization

Changes in policy

Structural changes to facilitate the uptake of the innovation

8

Changes in policy, economics

Adoption

The individual or organization engages in a number of activities that will lead to the research evidence being integrated into clinical practice and/or policy decisions

4

Adoption

Fidelity

To what extent were the various intervention components delivered as intended (in the protocol)

1

Fidelity, adherence

Confirmation

When an individual or an organization seeks reinforcement of an innovation decision that has already been made

2

Confirmation

Accountability

Establishing clear responsibilities and expectations for stakeholders

3

Accountability

Impact

When the uptake of the innovation has tangible benefits

5

Impact

Maintenance, long-term outcome

The extent to which a program or policy becomes institutionalized or part of the routine organizational practices and policies

3

Maintenance

Cost

Cost of the dissemination process

5

Cost