Table 1 Summary of implementation strategies utilized in terms of ERIC^a thematic clusters [29]^b

1

Use evaluative and iterative strategies

17

65

31

21

10

9

90

Assess for readiness and identify barriers and facilitators | Audit and provide feedback | Conduct cyclical small tests of change | Develop a formal implementation blueprint | Develop and implement tools for quality monitoring | Develop and organize quality monitoring systems | Obtain and use patients/consumers and family feedback | Purposefully reexamine the implementation | Stage implementation scale-up

2

Provide interactive assistance

8

31

10

7

4

4

100

Centralize technical assistance | Facilitation | Provide clinical supervision | Provide local technical assistance

3

Adapt and tailor to context

6

23

8

5

4

3

75

Promote adaptability | Tailor strategies | Use data experts

4

Develop stakeholder interrelationships

12

46

23

15

17

14

82

Build a coalition | Capture and share local knowledge | Conduct local consensus discussions | Develop academic partnerships | Identify and prepare champions | Identify early adopters | Inform local opinion leaders | Involve executive boards | Obtain formal commitments | Organize clinician implementation team meetings | Promote network weaving | Recruit, designate, and train for leadership | Use advisory boards and workgroups | Visit other sites

5

Train and educate stakeholders

23

88

63

42

11

10

91

Conduct educational meetings | Conduct educational outreach visits | Conduct ongoing training | Create a learning collaborative | Develop educational materials | Distribute educational materials | Make training dynamic | Provide ongoing consultation | Use train-the-trainer strategies | Work with educational institutions

6

Support clinicians

8

31

8

5

5

2

40

Develop resource sharing agreements | Remind clinicians

7

Engage consumers

2

8

3

2

5

2

40

Involve patients/consumers and family members | Prepare patients/consumers to be active participants

8

Change infrastructure

2

8

2

1

8

2

25

Change physical structure and equipment | Mandate change

9

Utilize financial strategies

1

4

2

1

9

2

22

Alter incentive allowance structures | Fund and contract for the clinical innovation