Table 3 The 17 categories divided by framework level and specified as facilitator/barrier, and examples of how to build on facilitators and overcome barriers

Innovation

1

Access to healthcare through ACF

x

IMPACT TB increased accessibility through mobile CXR events outside of working hours and during the weekend, and provided monetary incentives for ACF participants

X

X

X

X

2

Free screening, testing and treatment

x

IMPACT TB offered free screening, transport vouchers to those referred for CXR, free CXR and support in enrolling for free treatment

X

X

X

X

3

Support for TB patients

x

IMPACT TB provided financial support for food and fuel, besides free screening, testing and treatment

X

X

X

X

Individual professional

1

Dedication and motivation

x

Employees and volunteers adapted their schedules based on patients’ availability, and encouraged patients

X

X

X

X

2

Experience and skills

x

Employees and volunteers used communication, persuasion and advising skills, and shared experience with each other

X

X

X

X

3

Having a network that facilitates ACF implementation

x

Volunteers used their networks and relationships to easily find their way around in the districts and to approach people with suspected TB

X

-

X

-

4

Good communication

x

Employees and volunteers spoke local dialects, knew local context, used tools such as flyers and communication channels such as social networking app Zalo

X

X

X

X

Patient

1

Limited participation

x

Employees and volunteers addressed stigma, discrimination, fear and mistrust (see next row)

X

X

X

X

2

Prevalence of stigma, discrimination and fear

x

Employees and volunteers contacted patients on the telephone instead of visiting them at home, and invited whole communities instead of selected groups for ACF

X

X

X

X

3

Trust and mistrust

x

x

Employees and volunteers communicated clearly and truthfully, were friendly and kind

X

X

X

X

Social context

1

Collaboration and engagement

x

x

IMPACT TB and employees and volunteers collaborated with and engaged District TB Units, health stations, committees, local leaders, residential groups, etc. Communication and awareness-raising should improve to further strengthen collaboration and engagement (see next row)

X

X

X

X

2

Need to improve communication and awareness-raising

x

IMPACT TB should use a variety of communication channels including television, radio and online media, and made community-wide announcements; employees and volunteers should communicate directly with patients and visit individual households

X

X

X

X

3

Commitment and support

x

IMPACT TB and employees and volunteers ensured all stakeholder had a common understanding of ACF

X

X

X

X

Organizational context

1

Availability of and need to retain human and financial resources

x

IMPACT TB offered human and financial resources for the project period (2017-2019)

X

X

X

X

2

Importance and appreciation of capacity-building

x

IMPACT TB included capacity-building for employees and volunteers

-

X

X

X

3

Incentives for employees and volunteers

x

x

IMPACT TB provided incentives; an increase of incentives should be considered

X

X

X

X

4

Challenges with preparation and logistics

x

Employees and volunteers collaborated closely with District TB Units; IMPACT TB should prepare early, formulate clear implementation plan, and provide detailed instructions for employees and volunteers and District TB Units

X

X

X

X