Table 2 Summary of study characteristics and outcome measures

Behrens et al. 2002 [20]

Germany

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

63

1,5,9

3

9

1

86

57

10

2

Morgenstern et al. 2003 [21]

USA

Pre- and in-hospital

Parallel group trial

89

1,5,7,8,9

5

9

1

80

70

11

1

Lattimore et al. 2003 [22]

USA

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

50

1,5,7,9

4

44

3

420

200

10

2

Belvis et al. 2005 [23]

Spain

Pre- and in-hospital

Parallel group trial

67

2,

1

7

8

37

181

19

4

Wojner-Alexandrov et al. 2005 [24]

USA

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

75

1,2,5,9,7

4

64

21

709

192

9

11

Ickenstein et al. 2005 [25]

Germany

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

67

2,5,9,1,7

5

45

10

164

155

27

6

Nam et al. 2007 [26]

South Korea

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

67

2,7,9

3

25

14

213

529

12

3

Demaerschalk et al. 2008 [27]

USA

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

71

1,9

2

320

4

1800

1454

18

0

Abdullah et al. 2008 [28]

USA

Pre- and in-hospital

Parallel group trial

79

2,

1

18

16

44

74

41

22

Quain et al. 2008 [29]

Australia

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

88

2,5,7,9

4

30

5

140

107

21

5

Gladstone et al. 2009 [30]

Canada

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

58

2,7,9

3

30

7

128

74

23

9

Pedrogosa et al. 2009 [31]

Spain

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

71

2,9

2

19

9

198

201

10

4

Chenkin et al. 2009 [32]

Canada

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

79

5,2,9

3

56

18

554

307

10

6

Muller-Nordhorn et al. 2009 [33]

Germany

Pre-hospital

Randomised controlled trial

100

1,5

2

17

13

741

647

2

2

Kim et al. 2009 [34]

South Korea

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

71

2,9,7

3

47

44

328

678

14

6

Heo et al. 2010 [35]

South Korea

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

71

7,9,2

3

312

199

5404

5798

6

3

Dharmasaroja et al. 2010 [36]

Thailand

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

67

1,2,5,9

4

110

14

406

170

27

8

Bae et al. 2010 [37]

South Korea

Pre- and in-hospital

Parallel group trial

79

2,

1

33

18

55

47

60

38

Sung et al. 2011 [38]

Taiwan

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

75

9,

1

21

40

139

338

15

12

Reiner-Deitemyer et al. 2011 [39]

Austria

Pre-hospital

Parallel group trial

63

9,

1

224

1062

898

13,731

25

8

Hoegerl et al. 2011 [40]

USA

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

79

1,7,9

3

12

4

101

132

12

3

Etgen et al. 2011 [41]

Germany

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

71

5,7,9,2

4

95

24

742

500

13

5

Walter et al. 2011 [42]

Germany

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

79

9,7

2

16

32

78

120

21

27

Driks et al. 2011 [43]

Netherland

In-hospital

Randomised controlled trial

100

1,7,9

3

391

305

2990

2525

13

12

Addo et al. 2012 [44]

UK

Pre-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

88

1,

1

45

55

274

326

16

17

Walter et al. 2012 [42]

Germany

Pre-hospital

Randomised controlled trial

100

9,7

2

12

8

53

47

23

17

O'Brien et al. 2012 [45]

Australia

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

67

1,2

2

22

5

115

67

19

7

Berglund et al. 2012 [46]

Sweden

Pre- and in-hospital

Randomised controlled trial

81

2,9

2

60

24

488

454

12

5

Prabhakaran et al. 2012 [47]

USA

In-hospital

Parallel group trial

71

9,

1

3335

732

58,512

61,027

6

1

Bhatt et al. 2012 [48]

USA

In-hospital

Parallel group trial

75

9,

1

47

60

484

789

10

8

Scott et al. 2013 [49]

USA

In-hospital

Randomised controlled trial

100

1,2,9

3

235

194

8419

9222

3

2

Meretoja et al. 2013 [50]

Australia

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

79

2,7,9

3

47

82

324

468

15

18

McKinney et al. 2013 [51]

USA

Pre- and in-hospital

Parallel group trial

88

2,

1

31

17

114

115

27

15

Amorim et al. 2013 [52]

USA

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

67

9,2

2

113

26

1669

919

7

3

Nolte et al. 2013 [53]

Germany

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

79

2,

1

51

14

64

36

80

39

Prabhakaran et al. 2013 [47]

USA

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

79

2,

1

64

22

787

719

8

3

Schaik et al. 2014 [54]

Netherland

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

83

2,7,9

3

185

41

951

828

19

5

Fonarow et al. 2014 [55]

USA

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

79

2,7,9

3

3552

1557

43,850

27,319

8

6

Ebinger et al. 2014 [56]

Germany

Pre-hospital

Randomised controlled trial

100

9,7

2

310

220

1070

1041

29

21

Minnerup et al. 2014 [57]

Germany

Pre- and in-hospital

Parallel group trial

63

9,

1

13,240

622

71,349

22,549

19

3

Camerlingo et al. 2014 [58]

Italy

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

83

1,5,9

3

23

8

401

376

6

2

Ruff et al. 2014 [59]

USA

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

75

2,7,9

3

142

116

925

1413

15

8

Hesselfeldt et al. 2014 [60]

Denmark

Pre-hospital

Parallel group trial

75

9,

1

22

87

65

265

34

33

Chen et al. 2014 [61]

Taiwan

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

88

2,

1

216

91

2512

3500

9

3

Martinez-Sanchez et al. 2014 [62]

Spain

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

83

9,2

2

18

12

225

259

8

5

Ragoschke-Schumm et al. 2015 [63]

UK

In-hospital

Parallel group trial

75

7,

1

66

49

174

81

38

60

Willeit et al. 2015 [64]

Austria

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

75

2,7

2

160

82

1238

1237

13

7

Kim et al. 2015 [65]

South Korea

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

75

2,

1

202

44

341

132

59

33

Baldin et al. 2015 [66]

Australia

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

79

9,2

2

16

10

62

58

26

17

Moran et al. 2016 [67]

Hawaii

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

75

9, or 7

1

122

44

388

151

31

29

Busby et al. 2016 [68]

USA

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

75

2,

1

52

41

397

414

13

10

Choi et al. 2016 [69]

South Korea

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

58

7,9

2

118

111

2078

2172

6

5

Nishijima et al. 2016 [70]

Japan

Pre-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

71

1,

1

36

41

600

544

6

8

Kim et al. 2016 [71]

South Korea

Pre- and in-hospital

Parallel group trial

75

2,

1

215

59

306

136

70

43

Prabhakaran et al. 2016 [72]

USA

In-hospital

Parallel group trial

75

1,3,7,9

4

766

1626

10,314

15,261

7

11

Hubert et al. 2016 [73]

Finland

In-hospital

Parallel group trial

83

9,2

2

1779

912

11,589

3387

15

27

Itrat et al. 2016 [74]

USA

Pre-hospital

Parallel group trial

83

9,7

2

16

13

110

56

15

23

Denti et al. 2017 [75]

Italy

Pre-hospital

Randomised controlled trial

100

1,

1

145

156

649

503

22

31

Zaidi et al. 2017 [76]

USA

Pre- and in-hospital

Parallel group trial

79

2,5,7

3

28

18

109

142

26

13

Heikkila et al. 2019 [77]

USA

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

71

9,

1

51

124

355

1581

14

8

Hsiao et al. 2018 [78]

Taiwan

In-hospital

Parallel group trial

75

2,

1

40

18

254

118

16

15

Carvalho et al. 2018 [79]

Brazil

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

75

5,7

2

28

13

154

61

18

21

Gurav et al. 2018 [80]

India

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

75

2,

1

65

44

610

695

11

6

Tan et al. 2018 [81]

Sweden

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

75

2,7

2

281

129

826

416

34

31

Haesebaert et al. 2018 [82]

France

Pre- and in-hospital

Randomised controlled trial

100

1,5,7

3

140

114

363

328

39

35

Nguyen-Huynh et al. 2018 [83]

USA

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

88

2,7,9

3

557

310

3168

2375

18

13

Cone et al. 2018 [84]

USA

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

83

2,

1

94

181

219

316

43

57

Sadeghi-Hokmabadi et al. 2018 [85]

Iran

Pre- and in-hospital

Parallel group trial

79

2,

1

131

115

180

194

73

59

Meyer et al. 2008 [86]

USA

In-hospital

Randomised controlled trial

89

9,2

2

31

28

111

111

28

25

de Luca et al. 2009 [87]

Italy

In-hospital

Randomised controlled trial

100

5,9

2

15

2

434

328

3

1

Muller-Barna et al. 2014 [88]

Germany

In-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

83

9,2

2

655

63

4409

2466

15

3

Vidale et al. 2016 [89]

Italy

Pre- and in-hospital

Parallel group trial

75

2,5,7

3

37

14

610

424

6

3

Nardetto et al. 2016 [90]

Italy

In-hospital

Parallel group trial

71

9,2

2

25

106

75

318

33

33

Hsieh et al. 2016 [91]

Taiwan

Pre- and in-hospital

Parallel group trial

79

2,

1

144

25

727

201

20

12

Jeon et al. 2017 [92]

South Korea

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

83

2,7

2

34

141

297

2012

11

7

Zhou et al. 2017 [93]

China

In-hospital

Parallel group trial

71

9,

1

231

88

712

689

32

13

Henry-Morrow et al. 2017 [94]

USA

Pre- and in-hospital

Uncontrolled before and after

50

1,

1

16

8

82

38

20

21