Table 1 Percentage of IPOs who use the strategy and rank it within their five most successful

20

Distribute educational materials (e.g., guidelines, manuals, and toolkits) in person, by mail, and/or electronically

23

Vary training methods for different learning styles or shape the training to be interactive

18

Develop educational materials to make it easier for stakeholders to learn to implement or learn about the EBI

26

Provide clinicians with ongoing consultation from an expert in the intervention

22

Conduct training in the EBI that included follow-up training, advanced training, booster training, or training to competence

21

Conduct educational meetings targeted toward providers, administrators, or other stakeholders to teach them about the EBI

24

Use a trained person to educate providers in the adopting organization about the EBI in an effort to change their practice

25

Use a train-the-trainer approach

30

Use mass media, social media, or promotional materials to reach large numbers of providers or clients the area to spread the word about the intervention

33

Encourage educational institutions to train clinicians in the EBI

28

Develop a learning collaborative of providers and/or organizations that are also implementing the EBI, and develop ways to learn from one another to foster better implementation

29

Have providers shadow other providers who are expert in delivering and implementing the intervention

19

Provide a glossary defining key terms related to implementation to promote a common understanding among stakeholders

27

Identify certain providers as opinion leaders about the EBI in the hopes that they would influence their colleagues to adopt it

32

Attempt to increase demand by influencing the market for the EBI

31

Prepare clients to ask questions about available evidence-supported programs/treatments

5

Tailor implementation strategies to address barriers or honor preferences identified through information you had about this agency or the provider(s)

10

Engage people who can champion the EBI and spread the word of its need

2

Assess the organization’s or the provider’s readiness to implement the EBI, including barriers that may impede implementation, and strengths that could be leveraged for the implementation effort

12

Recruit, designate, and train leaders specifically for the changes involved in the adoption/implementation effort

14

Encourage adopters to find partners who will share the cost

4

Develop a formal implementation plan

15

Develop partnerships with organizations that have resources needed to implement the EBI

6

Phase implementation, by starting with a small pilot or demonstration project and gradually move to a broader roll-out

8

Convene discussions with providers and other stakeholders about the importance of the clinical problems and whether the EBI addresses it appropriately

11

Engage clients who might benefit from the EBI in the implementation effort, including advocacy for the implementation

9

Involve governing structures, such as a board of directors, in the implementation effort

1

Conduct a local needs assessment (collecting and analyzing data related to the need for the EBI in this agency)

3

Suggest that the agency visit other sites where a similar implementation effort was considered successful

17

Suggest a partnership with a university or academic unit to bring additional skills to the implementation effort

16

Obtain, or ask that the agency obtains, written commitments from partners that explicitly stated what they would do to help you implement the EBI

13

Suggest mandating use of the EBI

7

Suggest or conduct a modeling or simulation of the impact of implementing the EBI prior to implementation

56

Obtain client feedback on the adoption/implementation effort

50

Develop and introduce quality monitoring standards specific to the EBI

49

Develop clinical or outcome monitoring procedures for the purpose of quality assurance

61

Purposefully re-examine the implementation of the EBI and adjust the implementation strategies as needed

64

Capture and share local knowledge about how implementers and clinicians made the EBI work in their setting and then share it with other sites

55

Provide clinicians with ongoing supervision in the EBI

63

Seek guidance from experts in implementation science (university-affiliated faculty members, quality improvement experts, or implementation professionals)

52

Use a centralized technical assistance resource to assist with implementation

53

Use audit and feedback (i.e., collecting and summarizing performance data and then giving it to clinicians and administrators) in hopes of changing provider behavior

57

Encourage the agency to intervene with clients to increase their adherence to the EBI treatment protocol

60

Develop teams of clinicians who are implementing the EBI and encourage the agency to give them protected time to reflect on the implementation effort, share lessons learned, and support one another’s learning

59

Involve, hire, and/or consult experts in data management to shape the use of data related to the implementation effort

62

Implement cycles of change, small pilots, or plan-study-do-act (PDSA) quality improvements, using small tests of change and refining the implementation based upon what is learned

51

Involve advisory boards of different stakeholder groups to oversee implementation

54

Develop reminder systems designed to prompt clinicians to deliver the intervention

58

Use data warehousing techniques to integrate clinical records across organizations in order to facilitate implementation

39

Encourage the agency to access new funding to facilitate the implementation process

41

Work with government or other service payers through requests for proposals (RFPs), to support the delivery of the EBI

34

Help the agency develop payment structures to incentivize the adoption of the EBI

40

Work with the agency to ensure that the EBI was fully reimbursable

42

Suggest that the agency make it easier to bill for services related to the EBI

35

Encourage paying providers a set amount per patient for delivering the EBI

37

Encourage introduction of other payment schemes such as pre-payment and prospective payment for service, provider salaried service, aligning payment rates with patient outcomes, or removing billing limits

38

Encourage the agency to change fees, such that the EBI had lower payment fees

36

Encourage the agency to penalize providers financially for failing to deliver the EBI

43

Shift or revise roles among professionals in order to provide the intervention and eliminate barriers

47

Encourage the agency to change the composition of the intervention teams, including different disciplines and skills to make the EBI delivery more likely

46

Ask the agency to change record systems to better reflect assessment of implementation of the EBI

45

Prompt the use of the EBI by collecting new clinical information from clients and relaying it to the provider

44

Increase access to the EBI by suggesting that the agency change the location of service (e.g., co-locating services)

48

Change the physical structure or space in the agency (e.g., installing one-way mirrors, making group rooms)