Table 2 Measures—description and psychometric properties
Original measure | Description | New measures | Items |
|---|---|---|---|
EBPQ2 [39] Practice subscale | 74 items; 5-point Likert Scale Time frame: past 6 months Psychometric data: acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha (α) 0.85), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.83 and convergent validity 0.66 [40]. | Self-use of EBP: It was a term we chose to reflect actual application of EBP concepts, tools, and procedures into specific actions such as identifying knowledge related to a patient situation or the ability to formulate a research question to guide a literature search based on this gap. | 9 items on a 5-point scale ranging from “never” to “more than 10 times a month” |
EBP activities: It can be defined as the implementation of research evidence to the surrounding environment such as in/formally shared and discussed literature/research findings with colleagues at work or patients. | 7 items on a 5-point scale ranging from “never” to “daily” | ||
EBPAS [41] | 50 items; 5-point ordinal scale§ Psychometric data: acceptable good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α 0.90–0.93), good reliability (ICC 0.83), and convergent validity 0.66 [41,42,43]. | Attitudes towards EBP | 17 items on a 5-point scale ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree” |
EPIC [44] | 11 items; confidence from 0 to 100% Psychometric data: validated for both PTs and OTs. It has almost excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α 0.89) [44]. The ICC for test-retest reliability was 0.89 for PTs [45] and 0.92 for OTs [46]. | EBP self-efficacy | 9 items on a scale from 0 to 10 representing 0–100% |
EBPQ [40] | 24 items; 7-point Likert Scale Psychometric data: acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s α 0.91) and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC 0.94) [47]. | Knowledge of EBP | 11 items on a 5-point scale ranging from “never heard the term” to “understand and could explain to others” |
ACT [36] | 57 items; 5-point Likert Scale Psychometric data: acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s α > 0.80) [48]. | EBP resources: It can be defined as the available resources at the workplace that allow clinicians to access and use EBP or encourage the clinicians to use EBP such as receiving recognition from manager/supervisor and workplace/college support the best practice. | 17 items on a 5-point scale ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree” |