Table 3 SPARC trial primary, secondary, and other outcomes from EHR and claims data

 Prevention

Alcohol Brief Intervention

Indicator for whether a patient had a brief intervention documented in the EHR* on the day of, or in the 14 days following a PC visit, and had a positive alcohol screen on the day of the visit or in the prior 365 days*

 Treatment

Treatment for Newly Diagnosed AUD (NCQA)

Indicator for whether a patient had a new AUD diagnosis* and initiated and engaged in AUD treatment*

 Prevention

Alcohol screening documented

Indicator for whether a patient had AUDIT-C screening documented in the EHR on the day of the visit or in the prior 365 days

 Prevention

Positive alcohol screen

Indicator for whether a patient screened positive on the AUDIT-C (3–12 women and 4–12 men)

 Prevention

High-positive alcohol screen

Indicator for whether a patient had a high-positive AUDIT-C score (7–12 points)

 Assessment

Assessed for DSM-5 AUD symptoms

Indicator for whether a patient with a high-positive screen completed an AUD Symptom Checklist on the day of the visit or in the prior 365 days

 Identification

Past-year AUD diagnosis

Indicator for whether a patient had an AUD diagnosis defined as an ICD code for an AUD diagnosis per NCQA anywhere in or outside KPWA (e.g. includes claims) on the day of the PC visit or in the prior 365 days

 Identification

New AUD diagnosis

Indicator that a “past-year AUD diagnosis” (defined immediately above) was new on the day of the PC visit, based on no AUD diagnosis in the prior 365 days

 Treatment

Initiation of AUD treatment (NCQA)

Indicator for whether a patient received a “new AUD diagnosis” (defined above) and initiated AUD treatment in the following 14 days, per HEDIS ICD codes

 Treatment

Engagement in AUD treatment (NCQA)

Indicator for whether a patient who initiated AUD treatment (defined above) had another 2 treatment visits in the following 30 days after initiation (“engagement”) per HEDIS ICD codes