Table 4 Using a TDF questionnaire to understand an implementation problem; the example of designing hospital patient safety interventions

Study title

 The demonstration of a theory-based approach to the design of localized patient safety interventions

Rationale for changing behaviour

 Between 3.7 and 17.7% of patients in hospital are inadvertently harmed either by healthcare professional error or deviations from recommended practice. In this example, the TDF was used to understand behaviours related to implementing a patient safety guideline promoting safe nasogastric feeding.

Study design and materials

 The Influences on Patient Safety Behaviours Questionnaire IPSBQ [48], a 34-item tool based on the 12-domain version of the TDF was completed by staff in three hospitals to identify influences on locally identified target behaviours relating to safe nasogastric feeding. MANOVA was used to identify highest scoring domains.

Findings and conclusions

 Social influences, environmental context and resources, skills and emotion were identified as the most influential domains. Relevant domains were further explored in focus groups and intervention strategies generated using explicit links between theoretical domains and behaviour change techniques [7].

Study outputs

 Taylor et al. [72]