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Table 5 Indirect effect of potential mediators on maternal care outcomes

From: Understanding causal pathways within health systems policy evaluation through mediation analysis: an application to payment for performance (P4P) in Tanzania

 

Facility based delivery (% change)

Public facility delivery (% change)

Taken at least 2 doses of anti-malaria drug (% change)

P4P

 Total effect

8.2***

6.5***

10.3***

 Standard error

(3.6; 12.8)

(1.3; 11.7)

(4.4; 16.1)

Indirect effect of P4P on outcome through mediators

Health worker received supervision in last 90 days

 Indirect effect (coefficient interaction)

  

1.5***

 Confidence Interval

  

(0.1, 3.0)

 Percentage of total effect explained

  

15

 Correlation at which ACME = 0

  

−0.0343

Oxytocin injection stock-out

 Indirect effect (coefficient interaction)

1.8***

1.9***

 

 Confidence Interval

(0.7, 2.9)

(0.8, 3.1)

 

 Percentage of total effect explained

22

30

 

 Correlation at which ACME = 0

−0.0439

−0.0437

 

Average kindness (excluding woman herself)

 Indirect effect (coefficient interaction)

3.9***

3.2***

 

 Confidence interval

(3.0, 4.7)

(2.4, 3.9)

 

 Percentage of total effect explained

48

49

 

 Correlation at which ACME = 0

0.2085

−0.0202

 

Mean of women who paid for delivery (excluding woman herself)

 Indirect effect (coefficient interaction)

3.9***

5.0***

 

 Confidence interval

(3.0, 4.8)

(3.9, 6.3)

 

 Percentage of total effect explained

48

78

 

 Correlation at which ACME = 0

−0.2326

−0.2590

 
  1. Results obtained from LSEM model. Correlation at which ACME = 0 is derived using Imai et al. sensitivity analysis. *p < 0.10; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01