Table 2 Characteristics of the included studies
From: A systematic review of real-world diabetes prevention programs: learnings from the last 15 years
Year | Author | Study ID | Country | Setting | Study population | Sample size | Study design | Intervention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2003 | Mensink et al. [35] | SLIM | Netherlands | Unclear | Adults at risk of T2DM | 114 | RCT | 3 individual and 1 group session during 1 year + participants were encouraged to participate in the exercise program 3 times a year |
2005 | Kosaka et al. [62] | Japanese DPP | Japan | Hospital-based | Adults with IGT | 458 | RCT | Detailed instructions on lifestyle were repeated every 3 to 4 months during hospital visits |
2006 | Oldroyd et al. [63] | Newcastle lifestyle intervention | UK | Primary care | Adults with IGT | 78 | RCT | 12 individual 15- to 20-min review appointments over 24 months (6 in the first 6 months, 1 after 9 months and 5 at 2 monthly intervals between 12 and 24 months) |
2007 | Absetz et al. [41] | GOAL LIT | Finland | Primary care | Adults at risk of T2DM | 352 | Before and after | Six 2-hourly group counselling sessions over 8 months |
2007 | Bo et al. [36] | Italian Trial | Italy | Primary care | Adults with metabolic syndrome | 335 | RCT | 1 individual and four 1-hourly group sessions |
2007 | Davis-Smith et al. [39] | DPP (church-based) | USA | Community (church) | Adults at risk of T2DM | 10 | Before and after | 6-session lifestyle intervention delivered over a 7 week period |
2007 | Laatikainen et al. [64] | Greater Green Triangle (GGT) | Australia | Primary care | Adults at risk of T2DM | 311 | Before and after | 6 structured 90-min group sessions delivered during an 8-month period |
2008 | Ackermann et al. [65] | DEPLOY | USA | Community (YMCA) | Adults at risk of T2DM | 92 | RCT | Sixteen 1 to 1.5-hourly small group sessions over 16 to 20 weeks and monthly large-group meetings |
2008 | Boltri et al. [66] | DPP (church-based) | USA | Community (church) | Adults with pre-T2DM | 8 | Before and after | 16 weekly group sessions conducted over 4 months |
2008 | Payne et al. [67] | BDPPI | Australia | Outpatient setting | Adults at risk of T2DM | 122 | Before and after | 6-week group self-management education program, 12-week gym- or home-based resistance training, and three 2-h group reinforcement sessions during 34-week maintenance program |
2009 | Kramer et al. [68] | GLB (2007–2009) | USA | Community | Adults with pre-T2DM | 42 | Before and after | 12 weekly sessions (~60 min) and participants were offered the opportunity to attend monthly support meetings for 9 months after completion of the intervention |
2009 | Kulzer et al. [69] | PREDIAS | Germany | Outpatient setting | Adults at risk of T2DM | 182 | RCT | 12 lessons lasting ~90 min each |
2009 | Penn et al. [70] | EDIPS—Newcastle | UK | Outpatient setting | Adults with IGT | 102 | RCT | A 30-min session immediately following randomisation and 2 weeks later, then monthly for the first 3 months and every 3 months thereafter up to 5 years |
2010 | Almeida et al. [71] | Colorado weight loss intervention | USA | Integrated health care organization | Adults with pre- T2DM | 1520 | Matched cohort | A single 90-min small group session |
2010 | Makrilakis et al. [72] | DE-PLAN Greece | Greece | Primary care (workplace) | Adults at risk of T2DM | 191 | Before and after | 6 sessions (1 h each) held by a registered dietician in the groups of 6 to 10 persons |
2010 | Parikh et al. [73] | Project HEED | USA | Community | Adults at risk of T2DM | 99 | RCT | A peer-led lifestyle intervention group, presented in a workshop consisting of eight 1.5-h sessions over 10 weeks |
2010 | Vanderwood et al. [45] | Montana CVD and DPP | USA | Health care facilities | Adults at risk of T2DM and CVD | 355 | Before and after (pilot study) | 16 weekly group sessions and 6 monthly group sessions |
2010 | Vermunt et al. [74] | APHRODITE | Netherlands | Primary care | Adults at risk of T2DM | 925 | RCT | 11 consultations of 20-min over 2.5 years, five 1-h group meetings and 1-h personal consultation with the dietician |
2011 | Boltri et al. [75] | DPP (church-based) | USA | Community (church) | Adults with pre-T2DM | 37 | Before and after | 6 or 16 weekly group sessions |
2011 | Gilis-Januszewska et al. [76] | DE-PLAN Poland | Poland | Primary care | Adults at risk of T2DM | 175 | Prospective cohort | 10 group sessions lasting for 4 months, 6 telephone motivation sessions, and 2 motivation letters sent to participant |
2011 | Katula et al. [77] | HELP PD | USA | Community (various venues) | Adults with pre-T2DM | 301 | RCT | ~26 weekly group sessions for the first 6 months, 3 personalized consultations with a registered dietician, 18 monthly group sessions, and monthly phone contact for the last 18 months |
2011 | Kumanyika et al. [48] | Think health! | USA | Primary care | Adults with high BMI and weight | 261 | RCT | Brief monthly contact with a lifestyle coach (LC) for 12 months and 10–15 min counselling sessions with primary care providers every 4 months. Bi-monthly sessions with LC for the second year |
2011 | Nilsen et al. [42] | Nilsen et al. | Norway | Primary care | Adults at risk of T2DM | 213 | RCT | The individual and interdisciplinary group participated in a group-based program, 1 day (5 h per day) each week for 6 weeks |
An individual 30-min consultation with a nurse or ergonomist completed the intervention 1 month after the last group meeting | ||||||||
2011 | Penn et al. [43] | NLNY | UK | Leisure and community settings | Adults at risk of T2DM | 218 | Before and after | A 10-week program of twice-weekly 1.5-h sessions, followed by ongoing support with regular mobile phone text message and email reminders, ‘drop-in’ activity sessions continued up to 12 months |
2011 | Ruggiero et al. [78] | HLP | USA | Community (various venues) | Adults at risk of T2DM | 69 | Before and after | 16 weekly core sessions and 6 monthly after-core sessions |
2011 | Sakane et al. [79] | Japanese Study | Japan | Primary care (workplace) | Adults with IGT | 304 | RCT | 4 group sessions of 2 to 3 h (for the first 6 months), individual sessions twice a year for 3 years. Between-visit contact by fax was also made monthly during the initial 12 months |
2012 | Costa et al. [40] | DE-PLAN-CAT | Spain | Primary care | Adults at risk of T2DM | 552 | Prospective cohort | A 6-h educational program (scheduled in 2 to 4 individual/small group sessions), and regular contact by phone or text message for at least once every 6 to 8 weeks |
2012 | Janus et al. [46] | pMDPS | Australia | Primary care | Adults at risk of T2DM | 92 | RCT | 6 structured 90-min group sessions. The first 5 sessions were at 2 weeks intervals and the final session was 8 months after the first |
2012 | Kanaya et al. [50] | LWBW | USA | Community | Adults at risk of T2DM | 238 | RCT | The intervention was primarily telephone-based counselling (12 calls) with 2 in-person sessions and 5 optional group workshops over 1 year period |
2012 | Lakerveld et al. [37] | Hoorn Prevention Study | Netherlands | Primary care | Adults at risk of T2DM and/or CVD | 622 | RCT | Six individual 30-min counselling sessions, followed by 3-monthly booster sessions by phone for a period of 1 year. |
2012 | Ockene et al. [80] | LLDPP | USA | Community | Adults at risk of T2DM | 312 | RCT | 3 individual and 13 group sessions over a 12 month period |
2012 | Piatt et al. [81] | GLB (2005–2008) | USA | Community | Adults with metabolic syndrome | 105 | Before and after | 12 weekly sessions over 12 to 14 weeks (lasted ~90 min) in the groups of 5 to 13 participants |
2013 | Jiang et al. [82] | SDPI-DP | USA | Community | Adults with pre-T2DM | 2553 | Before and after | 16 group sessions in the first 16 to 24 weeks and monthly individual lifestyle coaching sessions |
2013 | Ma J et al. [38] | E-LITE | USA | Primary care | Overweight/obese adults with increased cardiometabolic risk | 241 | RCT | 12 weekly group sessions (1.5 to 2 h each) in the first 3 months. From month 4 to 15, contact every 2 to 4 weeks depending on participant needs and preferences. Individual, secure email/phone contacts with personalized progress feedback and lifestyle coaching throughout the maintenance phase (month 4 to 15) |
2014 | Duijzer et al. [49] | SLIMMER | Netherlands | Primary care | Adults at risk of T2DM | 31 | One group pre-test post-test | In addition to 6 individual consultations (in total 4 h per participant), on average, participants received 5.2 consultations by dieticians and 34.1 sports lessons |
2014 | Sepah et al. [47] | Prevent | USA | Online platform | Adults with pre-T2DM | 220 | Quasi-experimental research design | 16 online weekly lessons. Participants were then offered to continue with a post-core lifestyle change maintenance intervention, with the entire intervention (core plus post-core) totalling 12 months |
2014 | Zyriax et al. [34] | DELIGHT | Germany | Primary care (workplace) | Adults at risk of T2DM | 241 | Before and after | 12 weekly sessions (for the first 6 months), 6 monthly and 6 biweekly sessions (for the next 6 months). For year 2 and 3 quarterly 1.5-h sessions |
2015 | Savas et al. [44] | IGT care call | UK | Primary care | Individuals with IGT | 55 | Observational study | A telephone service providing a 6 month lifestyle education program (20 min × 6), in addition to an introduction call (10 min) and action planning call (40 min) |