Organizational readiness for implementing change: a psychometric assessment of a new measure

Table 8 Significance tests for the means of r _WG(J) and AD _M(J) for international non-governmental organizations (study four)

	Distribution based on simulation
Variable	Mean	Median	Standard deviation	5^thpercentile	95^thpercentile	Sample values	p value
Change commitment (4 items)
AD _M(J) mean	1.15	1.15	0.05	1.06	1.23	0.72	0.000
r _WG(J) mean	0.20	0.19	0.08	0.07	0.33	0.82	0.000
Change Efficacy (5 items)
AD _M(J) mean	1.15	1.15	0.05	1.07	1.22	0.76	0.000
r _WG(J) mean	0.21	0.20	0.08	0.08	0.34	0.82	0.000

Note: For each of the four statistics (AD _M(J) mean and r _WG(J) mean for each scale), we obtained an empirical distribution based on 100,000 simulated random samples. The distributions are summarized in terms of their means, medians, standard deviations, and 5^th and 95^th percentiles. Consider the r _WG(J) mean for the four-item Change Commitment scale. Its sample value was 0.82. Simulations under the uniform (rectangular) null distribution indicate that the empirical distribution has a mean of 0.20 and a 95^th percentile of 0.33, which is much lower than the observed value of 0.82. Thus, the corresponding p-value is 0.00. Therefore, the conclusion is that based on the mean r _WG(J) we reject the null hypothesis that there is no agreement in the ensemble of 10 INGOs.

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