Table 1 Outline of ethnographic study
Non-participant observation nursing practice (62 hours), patient interviews (n = 8), NWI-R questionnaire (Aiken and Patrician 2000): | Â | Â |
|---|---|---|
Revealed pain management practices with older people were deficient due to: | Â | Ely's thematic analysis (1991) revealed three potential action cycles: |
   Limited/absent pain assessment. | } | Action cycle one: pain assessment and practice. |
   Inflexible analgesic prescriptions. |  |  |
   Limited use of non-pharmacological strategies. | } | Action cycle two: Organisation of care. |
   Family and Physician opinion on use of analgesics. |  |  |
   Fear of addiction. | } | Action cycle three: Knowledge and insight to deal with problematic pain. |
   Patients not being believed. |  |  |
   Patients having decisions made 'for' rather than 'with' them. |  |  |