Table 2 Components of the original and modified SPIRIT action framework with corresponding action-oriented implications of the modifications
From: A modified action framework to develop and evaluate academic-policy engagement interventions
Domain | Original framework | Modified framework | Action-orientated implications |
|---|---|---|---|
Catalysts | Policy/programme need for research New research with potential policy relevance | Need for engagement Opportunity Motivation | What prompts engagement? |
Capacity | Organisation and staff value research Organisation tools and systems to support engagement actions and use of research Staff have knowledge and skills to support engagement actions and use of research | Individual capability Organisational capability Systems, roles, tools | What know how, structures and resources aid engagement? |
Actions | Research engagement actions: Access research Appraise research Generate new research Interact with researchers | Academic-policy engagement actions: Linear Relational System level | What are the multi-level dynamics of the engagement? |
Outcome | Research use in policymaking: Instrumental Tactical Conceptual Imposed Policy agenda setting Policy development Policy implementation Policy evaluation | Engagement outcomes: Instrumental Tactical Conceptual Imposed Capacity-building Connectivity Culture or attitude change | What does the engagement do (or not) and for whom? |
Influences (contextual factors) | Policy influences | Influences at levels of individual, organisation, system Broader contexts: Social, policy and financial environments | Which contextual factors may enable or constrain engagement? |
Unnamed in original [results] | Research-informed health policy and policy documents Better health system and health outcomes | Impacts and sustainability: Realisation of outcomes Transforming and enduring effects Maintenance work to sustain engagement Monitor unintended consequences | What are the lasting effects or changes and for whom? How are they recognised? How are they maintained? What was unanticipated? |
Unnamed in original [prerequisites] | Reservoir of relevant and reliable research | Reservoir of people skills: Facilitatory expertise (task- or holistic-oriented) Strategic planning and support Contextual awareness Entrepreneurial orientation | What ‘hidden’ work is needed for productive engagement outcomes and impact for all involved? |