Table 3 Included studies (N = 32), study characteristics, and total strategies coded per study (descending)

Emergency department safety assessment and follow-up evaluation 2: An implementation trial to improve suicide prevention

Boudreaux et al. 2020 [24]

USA

Suicide risk screening, safety planning

Adults

Screening completion, suicide risk identification, suicidality outcomes, clinician screening and safety planning behaviors, attitudes, knowledge, efficacy, leadership support

2

8

23

Implementing Universal Suicide Risk Screening in a Pediatric Hospital

Sullivant et al. 2021 [45]

USA

Suicide risk screening

Youth

Screening completion, screening positivity rate, cost

N/A

1

22

Suicide on college campuses: a public health framework and case illustration

Cramer et al. 2020 [26]

USA

Campus socio-ecological suicide prevention program

Adults

Narrative reflection on the implementation process

N/A

1

19

Adapting Caring Contacts for

Veterans in a Department of Veterans Affairs Emergency Department: Results From a Type 2 Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Pilot Study

Landes et al. 2021 [32]

USA

Caring Contacts

Veterans

Contacts completed, adoption, implementation fidelity, cost, self-directed violence, mental health service utilization, staff and Veteran qualitative feedback

2

1

19

Spreading a Strategy to Prevent Suicide After Psychiatric Hospitalization: Results of a Quality Improvement Spread Initiative

Riblet et al. 2022 [40]

USA

WHO Brief Intervention and Contact

Veterans

Program enrollment, mental health post-discharge care, Veteran satisfaction, feasibility, adherence

N/A

6

19

From Pilot to Practice: Implementation of a Suicide Risk Screening Program in Hospitalized Medical Patients

Snyder et al. 2020 [44]

USA

Suicide risk screening

Adults, Youth

Screening completion, screening positivity rate

N/A

1

16

Costs of using evidence-based implementation strategies for behavioral health integration in a large primary care system

Yeung et al. 2020 [49]

USA

Behavioral health screening (depression, self-harm, substance use)

Adults

Cost, screening completion

N/A

25

16

Harnessing Quality Improvement and Implementation Science to Support the Implementation of Suicide Prevention Practices in Juvenile Detention

Rudd et al. 2022 [41]

USA

Suicide risk screening, risk assessment, safety planning

Youth

Narrative reflection on the implementation process

N/A

1

16

Evaluation of a Suicide Prevention Training Program for Mental Health Services Staff

Donald, Dower, and Bush, 2013 [14]

Australia

Suicide prevention training

Youth

Staff knowledge, organizational links (e.g., for client referral)

2

1

15

Adapting Crisis Intervention Protocols: Rural and Tribal Voices from Montana

Belhumeur et al. 2017 [21]

USA

Crisis intervention protocol

Youth

Qualitative feedback from school-community partners

1

3

15

Personalized Implementation of Video Telehealth for Rural Veterans (PIVOT-R)

Day et al. 2021 [27]

USA

Video telehealth

Veterans

Qualitative feedback from providers, video telehealth usage

N/A

1

14

Suicide Prevention Guideline Implementation in Specialist Mental Healthcare Institutions in The Netherlands

Mokkenstorm et al. 2018 [36]

The Netherlands

Suicide prevention guidelines (documentation, assessment, safety planning, continuity of care)

Adults

Adoption, suicide rates, policy and practice changes, number of individuals trained, improved documentation, family involvement

3

24

12

Enhancing Key Competencies of Health Professionals in the Assessment and Care of Adults at Risk of Suicide Through Education and Technology

Ryan et al. 2017 [42]

Canada

Provider education (suicide awareness, risk assessment, care planning, and intervention)

Adults

Provider knowledge, confidence, and awareness

N/A

1

12

Implementation of Universal Adolescent Depression Screening: Quality Improvement Outcomes

Bose et al. 2021 [23]

USA

Depression and suicide risk screening

Youth

Screening completion, depression diagnoses, mental health referrals, psychiatric medication usage

1

1

12

Implementing Suicide Risk Screening in a Pediatric Primary Care Setting: From Research to Practice

Horowitz et al. 2022 [29]

USA

Suicide risk screening

Youth

Screening positivity rate, staff knowledge, patient and family feedback

N/A

1

12

SAVE-CLC: An Intervention to Reduce Suicide Risk in Older Veterans following Discharge from VA Nursing Facilities

Luci et al. 2020 [33]

USA

Depression screening, suicide risk assessment, care transition facilitation

Veterans

Feasibility, acceptability, frequency and promptness of contacts

1

3

10

Studying the Implementation of Zero Suicide in a Large Health Care System: Challenges, Adaptations, and Lessons Learned

Boudreaux et al. 2022 [25]

USA

Suicide risk screening, safety planning, means restriction counseling, care transition facilitation

Adults

Suicide risk identification, suicidality outcomes, uptake, clinician knowledge, clinician attitudes, clinician efficacy, screening fidelity, implementation costs, Lean evaluations

3

39

10

Development and Implementation of a Universal Suicide Risk Screening Program in a Safety-Net Hospital System

Roaten et al. 2018 [12]

USA

Suicide risk screening

Adults

Suicide risk identification

1

1

9

Suicide Concern Reporting among Utah Youths Served by a School-Based Peer-to-Peer Prevention Program

Wright-Berryman et al. 2018

USA

Peer-to-peer gatekeeper program

Youth

Suicidal ideation and behavior, program referrals, hospitalizations

N/A

65

8

Depression Screening Implementation: Quality Improvement Project in a Primary Care Clinic for First Responders

Blake, 2022 [22]

USA

Depression and suicide risk screening

Adults

Screening completion rate, average visit time, follow-up mental health appointments

N/A

1

8

Our Healthy Clarence: A Community-Driven Wellbeing Initiative

Powell et al. 2019 [39]

Australia

Multicomponent community-based intervention

Adults, Youth

Narrative reflection on implementation process

1

1

7

A Community-Based Resposne to a Suicide Cluster: A Hong Kong Experience

Lai et al. 2020 [31]

Hong Kong

Multicomponent community-based intervention

Adults, Youth

Suicide rate, qualitative feedback from working group members and participants

1

1

6

Implementation of Online Suicide-Specific Training for VA Providers

Marshall et al. 2014 [34]

USA

Online provider training

Veterans

Training completion, Veteran satisfaction, narrative reflection on implementation process

2

5

6

Quality Improvement of Pastoral Care for Major Depression in the Community of an African American Religious Organization

Garner and Kunkel, 2020 [28]

USA

Depression screening, awareness promotion

Adults

Minister knowledge and stigma, screening and referral counts

N/A

1

6

A Quality Improvement Initiative to Reduce Safety Events Among Adolescents Hospitalized After a Suicide Attempt

Noelk et al. 2019 [38]

USA

Behavioral health safety protocol

Youth

Adherence, significant safety events

1

1

5

Dialectical Behavior Therapy in College Counseling Centers: Practical Applications and Theoretical Considerations

Chugani, 2015

USA

Psychotherapy

Adults

Adoption, uptake

2

1

4

Implementation and Evaluation of the P4 Suicide Screening Tool among Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners: A Suicide Prevention and Intervention Strategy

Vaughan, 2019 [47]

USA

Suicide risk screening

Adults

Screening completion rate, mental health referrals

1

1

4

Implementation of the Signs of Suicide Prevention Program with 9th Grade Students in a Public School Setting

Tennant, 2017 [46]

USA

Peer-to-peer gatekeeper program, awareness promotion

Youth

Student knowledge, narrative reflection on implementation

N/A

1

4

Training Nursing Staff to Recognize and Respond to Suicidal Ideation in a Nursing Home

Kabatchnick, 2017

USA

Online educational module

Adults

Nursing staff knowledge and confidence

1

1

3

School Nurses Identifying At-risk Adolescents for Depression

McManus, 2020

USA

Suicide risk screening

Youth

Suicide risk identification, mental health referrals

N/A

1

3

Counseling on Access to Lethal Means-Emergency Department (CALM-ED): A Quality Improvement Program for Firearm Injury Prevention

Mueller, Naganathan, and Griffey, 2020 [37]

USA

Lethal means safety planning

Adults

Feasibility, lethal means information, and safety plans

N/A

1

3

Gatekeeper Suicide Training's Effectiveness among Malaysian Hospital Health Professionals: A Control Group Study with a Three-Month Follow-Up

Siau et al. 2018 [43]

Malaysia

Gatekeeper training program

Adults

Staff knowledge, self-efficacy, and attitudes

N/A

1

2