Table 1 Definitions of artificial intelligence terminology used

Artificial intelligence (AI)

An umbrella term for computer software that mimics human cognition to perform complex tasks and learn from them

Machine learning (ML)

A subfield of AI that uses algorithms trained on data to produce adaptable models that can perform a variety of complex tasks

Neural network

A machine learning technique designed to resemble the human brain’s structure. Neural networks require large data sets to perform calculations and create outputs, which enables features like speech and vision recognition

Shallow learning

Usually refers to the classic machine learning approach in the absence of neural networks

Deep learning

A subset of machine learning that uses several layers that form neural networks

Reinforcement learning (RL)

A type of machine learning in which an algorithm learns by interacting with its environment and is rewarded or penalized based on its actions

Natural language processing (NLP)

A type of AI that enables computers to understand spoken and written human language. NLP enables features like text and speech recognition on devices

Sentiment analysis

A systematic approach to understanding human language's affective and subjective intent, including whether data is positive, neutral, or negative

Decision trees

A type of machine learning that uses a decision tree to make predictions

k-means clustering

A type of machine learning which groups an unlabeled dataset into different clusters or categories