Table 3 Motivational interviewing (MI) as a health intervention, adjunctive intervention, or implementation strategy
Characteristics | MI as the health intervention | MI as the adjunctive intervention | MI as the implementation strategy |
|---|---|---|---|
Target | • Directly impacts recipient’s intent to change a health-related behavior | • Can be leveraged to help patients change health-related behaviors, such as HIV medication adherence or reducing substance use | • Can be used as a coaching tool to influence implementer motivations and behaviors to promote evidence-based practices like service integration, new policies, and procedures |
Outcomes | • Self-confidence and self-efficacy for change | • Positive health behaviors like taking HIV medication daily to achieve viral suppression or reducing substance use | • Adoption, fidelity, reach, or sustainment of an evidence-based practices |
Hierarchy/level | • Requires implementation strategies (e.g., ongoing training, learning collaboratives, audit and feedback) | • Requires implementation strategies (e.g., ongoing training, learning collaboratives, audit and feedback) | • Supports the implementation of either/both the intervention and the adjunctive intervention |
Indications | • Low desire or motivation for change, lack of self-confidence, self-efficacy | • Client reports difficulty with medication adherence, substance misuse, etc. | • Relative priority of evidence-based practices among providers is low |