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Table 4 Effect direction plot for outreach interventions (ordered by study design and risk of bias) [33,34,35,36,37,38,39]

From: The effectiveness of interventions to disseminate the results of non-commercial randomised clinical trials to healthcare professionals: a systematic review

  1. Study design: RCT randomised controlled trial, cRCT cluster randomised trial
  2. Effect direction: upward arrow ▲ = positive health impact; downward arrow ▼ = negative health impact; sideways arrows ◄► = no change/mixed effects/conflicting findings
  3. Sample size: final sample size (individuals) in the intervention group: large arrow  > 300; medium arrow  50–300; small arrow  < 50
  4. Study quality: denoted by row colour: green = low risk of bias; amber = some concerns; red = high risk of bias
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Implementation Science

ISSN: 1748-5908