Table 1 Core components of the WISE intervention

Positive ECE feeding practices (e.g., cues children to hunger, allows food exploration)

Children learn to self-regulate and listen to their body’s cues of satiety. Children are less likely to reject foods and more likely to taste new foods.

[55,56,57,58,59,60,61]

RCTs, Quasi-Experimental Trials; American Dietetic Assoc. (ADA) Guidelines; Head Start guidelines

Appropriate role modeling by ECE (e.g., eats healthy foods, talks positively about new foods)

Children are more likely to try new foods and eat healthy foods served.

[60,61,62,63,64]

Quasi-experimental trials, systematic review; ADA guidelines; Head Start guidelines

Multiple, hands-on exposures to fruits and vegetables (FV)

Repeat exposure results in increased intake and liking of FV for children.

[54, 61, 65,66,67,68,69,70]

RCTs, quasi-experimental trials, systematic review; Head Start guidelines

Use of mascot puppet to promote FV to children

Children are more likely to select and prefer foods associated with familiar characters.

[71,72,73,74,75,76]

RCT, quasi-experimental trials, systematic review