Study design | Mixed methods | 4 |
Qualitative | 22 | |
Quantitative | 54 | |
Cross-sectional or longitudinal | Cross-sectional | 76 |
Longitudinal | 3 | |
Unclear | 1 | |
Recall or real-time | Recall | 72 |
Real-time | 1 | |
Recall and real-time | 7 | |
Setting | Hospital only | 22 |
Primary care only | 28 | |
Hospital and primary care | 15 | |
Any setting or unspecified | 15 | |
Country | Australia | 6 |
Brazil | 1 | |
Canada | 9 | |
Denmark | 1 | |
France | 1 | |
Ghana | 1 | |
Germany | 2 | |
Iran | 4 | |
Ireland | 2 | |
Italy | 1 | |
Jordan | 1 | |
Mongolia | 1 | |
New Zealand | 1 | |
Norway | 2 | |
Philippines | 1 | |
South Korea | 1 | |
Spain | 1 | |
Sweden | 4 | |
Taiwan | 1 | |
Tanzania | 1 | |
Turkey | 2 | |
UK | 11 | |
USA | 25 | |
Healthcare professional groups included across the studies (greater than 80 as some studies included more than one group) | Dentists | 8 |
Doctors | 42 | |
Radiologists | 1 | |
Nurses | 31 | |
Hygienists | 1 | |
Midwives | 1 | |
Pharmacists | 1 | |
Phlebotomists | 1 | |
Podiatrists | 1 | |
Psychiatrists | 1 | |
Rehabilitation and physical therapists | 2 | |
Speech and language pathologists | 1 | |
Vets | 1 | |
Knowledge sources included | Explicit (codified) only | 56 |
Explicit and tacit or experiential | 24 | |
MMAT quality score (maximum ****, minimum *) | **** | 6 |
*** | 20 | |
** | 37 | |
* | 17 |