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Table 2 Risk of bias according to the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies [23]

From: Understanding dentists’ management of deep carious lesions in permanent teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Item

Oen [9]

Seale and Glickman 2007 [29]

Weber [8]

McBride [35]

Stangvaltaite [7]

Schwendicke [28]

Chisini [34]

Schwendicke [6]

Katz [27]

Selection

Representativeness of the sample

*

 

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Sample size determination

         

Non-responders

   

*

 

*

   

Validity of survey

Checked reliability and internal consistency Survey available

   

**

 

**

*

**

 

Comparability

*

–

–

–

*

*

*

*

–

Outcome

Assessment of the outcome

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Statistical test

  

*

 

*

*

 

*

 

Overall

***

*

***

*****

****

*******

****

******

**

  1. For each risk of bias domain, one to two stars could be collected, with a total number of eight stars being possible. We classified studies as high risk (1–3 stars), moderate risk (4–6 stars), or low risk (7–8 stars)
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Implementation Science

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