Table 2 Comparison of studies
Curtain, C. 2011 | De Almeida Neto, A.C. 2000 | De Almeida Neto, A.C. 2001 Study 1 | De Almeida Neto, A.C. 2001 Study 3 | De Almeida Neto, A.C. 2001 Study 5 | De Almeida Neto, A.C. 2001 Study 5A | Egen, V. 2003 | Guirguis, L.M. 2007 | Koster, E.S. 2014 | Kradjan, W.A. 1999 | Legrand, S.A. 2012 | Martin, B.A. 2010 | Naunton, M. 2004 | Patwardhan, P.D. 2012 | Puumalainen, I 2005 | Raisch, D.W. 1998 | Reeve, J.F. 2008 | Sigrist, T. 2002 | Thornley, T. 2006 | Van de Steeg-van Gompel, C.H. 2011 | Watson, M.C. 2002 | Watson, M.C. 2007 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study design | Randomised controlled trial (RCT) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
Non-randomised controlled trial | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Controlled before and after studies | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||
Participants self-selected | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
Participants included in the intervention | Pharmacists | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Pharmacy support staff (technicians and assistants) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
Other health professionals | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Patients/Public | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Intervention type (EPOC taxonomy) | Educational materials | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
Educational meetings | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||
Educational outreach visits | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Mass media Campaign | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Audit and feedback | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||
Reminders | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||||
Practice support | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||
Fee for service | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Basis for intervention | Improve clinical knowledge | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
Improve communication skills | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||
Based on addressing organisational culture | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Based on a specified theory of behaviour change | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||
Based on addressing identified barriers (tailored) | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Outcome measures | Practitioner outcomes—subjective measures | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
Practitioner outcomes—objective measures | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
Secondary measures (practitioner or patient) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||
Patient health outcomes | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Economic outcomes | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Effectiveness | Overall effective in achieving main outcomes | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |