Interventions | Definition | Examples |
---|---|---|
Education | Increasing knowledge or understanding | Providing information to promote healthy eating |
Persuasion | Using communication to induce positive or negative feelings or stimulate action | Using imagery to motivate increases in physical activity |
Incentivisation | Creating expectation of reward | Using prize draws to induce attempts to stop smoking |
Coercion | Creating expectation of punishment or cost | Raising the financial cost to reduce excessive alcohol consumption |
Training | Imparting skills | Advanced driver training to increase safe driving |
Restriction | Using rules to reduce the opportunity to engage in the target behaviour (or to increase the target behaviour by reducing the opportunity to engage in competing behaviours) | Prohibiting sales of solvents to people under 18 to reduce use for intoxication |
Environmental restructuring | Changing the physical or social context | Providing on-screen prompts for GPs to ask about smoking behaviour |
Modelling | Providing an example for people to aspire to or imitate | Using TV drama scenes involving safe-sex practices to increase condom use |
Enablement | Increasing means/reducing barriers to increase capability or opportunity1 | Behavioural support for smoking cessation, medication for cognitive deficits, surgery to reduce obesity, prostheses to promote physical activity |
Policies | Â | Â |
Communication/marketing | Using print, electronic, telephonic or broadcast media | Conducting mass media campaigns |
Guidelines | Creating documents that recommend or mandate practice. This includes all changes to service provision | Producing and disseminating treatment protocols |
Fiscal | Using the tax system to reduce or increase the financial cost | Increasing duty or increasing anti-smuggling activities |
Regulation | Establishing rules or principles of behaviour or practice | Establishing voluntary agreements on advertising |
Legislation | Making or changing laws | Prohibiting sale or use |
Environmental/social planning | Designing and/or controlling the physical or social environment | Using town planning |
Service provision | Delivering a service | Establishing support services in workplaces, communities etc. |