From: To what extent do nurses use research in clinical practice? A systematic review
Instrument | First Author, Year | Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Low Use | Moderate-Low Use | Moderate-High Use | High Use |
NPQ (n = 12 articles) | Brett, 1987 [26] | Â | Â | X | Â |
 | Brett, 1989 [50] |  |  | X |  |
 | Coyle, 1990 [51] |  | X |  |  |
 | Barta, 1995 [52] |  |  | X |  |
 | Michel, 1995 [5] |  |  | X |  |
 | Berggren, 1996 [33] |  |  | X |  |
 | Rutledge, 1996 [53] |  |  |  | X |
 | Thompson, 1997 [54] |  |  | X |  |
 | Rodgers, 2000 [27] |  |  | X |  |
 | Rodgers, 2000 [55] |  |  | X |  |
 | Carlson, 2006 [62] |  |  | X |  |
 | Squires, 2007 [56] |  |  | X |  |
RUQ (n = 10 articles) | Champion, 1989 [63] | Â | Â | X | Â |
 | Lacey, 1994 [71] |  |  | X |  |
 | Prin, 1997 [83] |  |  | X |  |
 | Hatcher, 1997 [68] |  |  | X |  |
 | Hansen, 1999 [67] |  |  | X |  |
 | Humphris, 1999 [69] |  |  | X |  |
 | Tranmer, 2002 [91] |  |  | X |  |
 | Wallin, 2003 [95] |  |  | X |  |
 | McCloskey, 2005 [75] |  | X |  |  |
 | Nash, 2005 [57] |  | X |  |  |
Other Multi-Item Measures (n = 5 articles) | Pelz, 1981 [90] | Â | X | Â | Â |
 | Varcoe, 1995 [87] |  | X (general use) | X (specific research findings) |  |
 | Stiefel, 1996 [85] |  |  | X |  |
 | McCleary, 2002 [73] |  |  | X |  |
 | McCleary, 2003 [74] |  |  | X |  |
Single items | Bostrom, 1993 [60] | X | Â | Â | Â |
Past, Present, Future Use (n = 4 articles) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | Rizzuto, 1994 [4] | X |  |  |  |
 | Butler, 1995 [59] |  | X (staff nurses) | X (leadership nurses) |  |
 | Brown, 1997 [61] |  | X |  |  |
Single items | Parahoo, 1998 [24] | Â | X (specific research findings) | X (general use) | Â |
Parahoo Measure (n = 7 articles) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | Parahoo, 1999 [78] |  | X |  |  |
 | Parahoo, 1999b [79] |  |  | X |  |
 | Parahoo, 2000 [80] |  | X |  |  |
 | Parahoo, 2001 [81] |  |  | X |  |
 | Valizadeh, 2003 [86] |  | X |  |  |
 | Veeramah, 2004 [88] |  |  | X |  |
Single items | Estabrooks, 1999 [29] | Â | PRU | IRU, CRU, ORU | Â |
Estabrooks Measure (n = 6 articles) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | Profetto-McGrath, 2003 [84] |  |  | PRU, ORU | CRU |
 | Milner, 2005 [76] |  | PRU (staff) | IRU (staff, managers) CRU (staff, managers) ORU (staff, managers) PRU (educators, managers) | IRU (educators) CRU (educators) ORU (educators) |
 | Kenny, 2005 [70] |  | PRU | IRU, CRU, ORU |  |
 | Estabrooks 2007 [66] |  |  | IRU, ORU |  |
 | Connor, 2007 [64] |  | CRU | IRU, ORU | PRU |
Single items | Linde, 1989 [89] | X1 | X2 | Â | Â |
Other (n = 11 articles) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | Walczak, 1994 [96] |  | X |  |  |
 | Pettengill, 1994 [82] |  | X3 | X4 |  |
 | Veeramah, 1995 [88] |  |  | X |  |
 | Youngstrom, 1996 [98] |  |  | X |  |
 | Wright, 1996 [97] |  |  | X |  |
 | Logsdon, 1998 [72] |  | X |  |  |
 | Davies, 1999 [99] |  | X5 | X5 | X5 |
 | Tsai, 2000 [58] |  |  | X |  |
 | Tsai, 2003 [92] |  | X |  |  |
 | Niederhauser, 2005 [77] |  |  |  | X |