Table 1 Summary of Findings for comparison one: Electronic multidimensional guidelines versus usual care
Study | Risk of bias | No of patients/professionals | Intervention | Outcomes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Process | Patient |
Christakis[21] Cluster-RCT | low | 1,339 visits for OM, 38 physicians | Evidence-based (EB) message system presenting real time evidence to providers based on their prescribing practice for otitis media (OM). | Y | Â |
Davis[10] Cluster-RCT | low | 12,195 visits, 44 healthcare providers | EB message system that presented real-time evidence to providers based on prescribing practices for acute otitis media, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, constipation, pharyngitis, croup, urticaria, and bronchiolitis | Y | Â |
Meigs[12] Cluster-RCT | moderate | 598 patients, 66 healthcare providers | Diabetes management application, (DMA); interactive patient-specific clinical data, treatment advice, and links to other web-based resources | N | N |
Montgomery[26] Cluster-RCT | moderate | 614 patients, 27 general practices | Computer-based clinical decision support system and a risk chart on absolute cardiovascular risk, blood pressure, and prescribing of cardiovascular drugs in hypertensive patients. | N | N |
Rollman[13] Cluster-RCT | moderate | 200 patients, 17 primary care physicians | Guideline-based treatment advice for depression Active care Passive care | N N | N N |
van Wyk[32] Cluster-RCT | moderate | 87,866 patients, 77 primary care physicians | Clinical decision support system with respect to screening and treatment of dyslipidemia Alerting version On-demand version | Y N | Â |
Carton[36] ITS design | high | 6,869 radiological examinations in sample | Reminder on screen, indicating the appropriate recommendations concerning radiology requests | N | Â |
Day[18] ITS design | high | off: 103 patients on: 258 patients off: 125 patients | Real-time advice regarding documentation, testing, treatment and disposition of emergency department patients with low back pain (EDECS) | N | Â |
Hetlevik '99[34] Cluster-RCT | high | 2,230 patients, 53 physicians | Clinical decision support system for hypertension | Â | N |
Hetlevik '00[35] Cluster-RCT | high | 1,034 patients, 53 physicians | Clinical decision support system for diabetes mellitus | Â | N |
Hicks[22] Cluster-RCT | high | 2,027 patients, 14 primary care practices | Electronic decision support for hypertensive patients | Y | N |
McCowan[25] Cluster-RCT | high | 477 patients, 17 practices | Computerized decision support system for the management of asthma | N | N |
Poley[29] CBA design | high | 109 primary care physicians | Guideline-driven decision-support system for ordering blood tests in primary care | N | Â |
Safran[23] CCT | high | 349 patients in analysis, 126 physicians and nurses | Reminders and alerts for HIV infection | Y | N |
Schriger '97[19] ITS design | high | off: 50 patients on: 156 patients off: 74 patients | Real-time advice regarding documentation, testing, treatment and disposition of emergency department patients regarding the management of body fluid exposure (EDECS) | Y | Â |
Schriger '00[20] ITS design | high | off: 352 patients on: 374 patients off: 104 patients | Real-time advice regarding documentation, testing and treatment of children with fever presenting in the emergency department (EDECS) | N | Â |
Sequist[14] Cluster-RCT | high | Diabetes: 4,549 patients - CAD: 2,199 patients, 194 physicians | EB electronic reminders for diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) | N | Â |
Szpunar[11] CBA design | high | Pre: 5,334 patients - Post: 3,970 patients, 6 clinics | Tobacco Use Cessation (TUC) Automated Clinical Practice Guideline | Y | Â |
Martens[33] Cluster-RCT | high | 53 primary care physicians | Intervention group one: Reminders on antibiotics, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Intervention group two: Reminders on cholesterol-lowering drugs | N | Â |