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Table 1 Inclusion criteria

From: Advancing leadership in surgery: a realist review of interventions and strategies to promote evidence-based leadership in healthcare

• Empirical studies of any study design published after 2014 in English

• Studies that focus on any type of intervention that are put in place to improve [as defined in the publication] the leadership of surgeons, surgical trainees and surgical teams (e.g., mentoring, coaching, simulation training, taught courses, etc.)

• Studies including surgeons of any training level in settings including hospitals, clinics, academic organisations, and external training settings

• Studies that report results for surgeons separately from other study populations

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Implementation Science

ISSN: 1748-5908