Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
From: Implementation of electronic prospective surveillance models in cancer care: a scoping review
Author | System name | Setting | Intervention design | Cancer type | Treatment phase | Symptoms and ePROs collected | Surveillance frequency and duration | ePSM patient features | ePSM provider features |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abernethy 2009 [64] | PACE system and Patient Care Monitor | USA, outpatient clinic located within a university medical center | Single-arm intervention | Breast | Active treatment | Treatment-related symptoms; psychological, functional, and social concerns; FACT-G, FACT-B, MDASI, FACIT-F | Patient’s 4 consecutive scheduled clinic visits for 6 months | Self-management | Summary reports |
eRAPID | UK, outpatient clinics located within a cancer center | RCT | Breast, colorectal, and gynecologic | Active treatment | CTCAE | Weekly for 18 weeks | Self-management, score history, and system message | Summary reports and alerts | |
Bacorro 2018 [70] | iComPAsS | Philippines | RCT | Any | Palliative care | ESAS | Set by the physician based on pain severity for 20 weeks | Communication and circle of care | Summary reports, communication, and patient list |
Baeksted 2017 [29] | AmbuFlex software | Denmark, outpatient clinic located within a university hospital | Single-arm intervention + qualitative interviews | Prostate | Active treatment | CTCAE | Every 3 weeks (duration not specified) | NR | Summary reports |
Basch 2005 [57] | STAR | USA, outpatient clinic located within a cancer center | Single-arm intervention | Gynecologic | Active treatment | PRO-CTCAE, ECOG, EQ-5D | Every outpatient visit for 8 weeks | System message | Alerts and summary reports |
Basch 2007 [56] | STAR | USA, outpatient clinic located within a cancer center | Single-arm intervention | Lung | Active treatment | PRO-CTCAE, Karnofsky Performance Status, EQ-5D | Every outpatient visit for 16 months, or until death, voluntary withdrawal, or transfer of care | System message | Summary reports |
Basch 2016 [14] | STAR | USA, outpatient clinic located within a cancer center | RCT | Breast, gynecologic, genitourinary and lung | Active treatment | CTCAE, ECOG, EQ-5D | Any medical oncology visit or infusion suite visit until treatment completion | System message | Alerts and summary reports |
Basch 2020 [54] | PRO-TECT | USA, community oncology practices | Cluster RCT | Any | Active treatment | CTCAE, ECOG, FT12 from the COST-FACIT | Weekly for 12 months or until treatment completion | Self-management | Alerts, summary reports, and recommended actions |
ESRA-C | USA, outpatient clinics located within two cancer centers | RCT | Any | Active treatment | Symptom distress scale | Four assessments including before starting a new treatment, 3–6 weeks and 6–8 weeks later, and 2–4 weeks after treatment completion | Self-management and score history | Summary reports | |
Biran 2020 [50] | Medocity Home Health | USA, outpatient clinic located within a medical center | Single-arm intervention + qualitative focus groups and interviews | Multiple myeloma | Active treatment | CTCAE | Weekly for 4 weeks | Self-management and system message | Alerts and summary reports |
Børøsund 2014 [28] | WebChoice | Norway, outpatient clinics located within university and regional hospitals | RCT | Breast | Active treatment and follow-up | Physical, functional, and psychosocial symptoms and concerns | Patients could use the system on a voluntary basis for 6 months | Self-management, peer support, and general education | NR |
STAR | USA, cancer centre | Single-arm intervention | Gynecologic | Post-op | CTCAE, EORTC QLQ-C30 | Weekly for 6 weeks | System message | Alerts and summary reports | |
de Wit 2019 [30] | OncoKompas | Netherlands, hospitals | Cross-sectional | Any | Any | Quality-of-life domains including physical, psychological, and social functioning, healthy lifestyle, and existential issues | Every outpatient visit (duration not specified) | Self-management and score history | NR |
Dronkers 2020 [31] | Healthcare Monitor | Netherlands, outpatient clinic located within a university medical center | Single-arm intervention + qualitative interviews | Head and neck | Any | HADS, EAT10 Voice Handicap Index, EQ5LD-3L, and versions of the EORTC | Every outpatient visit for up to 5 years post treatment | NR | Summary reports |
NR | Canada, outpatient clinics located within regional cancer centers | Case report | Any | Any | ESAS | Every outpatient visit (duration not specified) | NR | Summary reports and recommended actions | |
Duman-Lubberding 2017 [32] | OncoQuest | Netherlands, outpatient clinic located within a university medical center | Single-arm intervention + qualitative interviews | Head and neck | Follow-up | EORTC QLQ-C30, QLQ-H&N35, HADS | Every outpatient visit (duration not specified) | NR | Summary reports |
Erharter 2010 [33] | CHES software | Austria, outpatient clinic located within a medical university | Single-arm intervention | Brain | Active treatment and follow-up | EORTC QLQ-C30, QLQ-BN20 | Every outpatient visit (duration not specified) | NR | Summary reports |
Fernandez 2019 [34] | ORION software | UK, outpatient clinics within two tertiary centers | Single-arm intervention | Brain | Any | EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BN20 | Every outpatient visit (duration not specified) | NR | Summary reports |
Garcia 2019 [52] | Assessment Center software | USA, outpatient clinics located within a cancer center | Single-arm intervention | Any | Any | PROMIS, Distress Thermometer, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment | Every outpatient visit (duration not specified) | System message | Alerts and summary reports |
PROMPT-Care | Australia, cancer centers of public hospitals | Single-arm intervention + qualitative semi-structured interviews | Any solid tumor | Any | Distress Thermometer, ESAS, SCNS-ST9 | Every 2 weeks for patients receiving treatment and monthly for those who were in follow-up (duration not specified) | Self-management | Summary reports | |
PROMPT-Care 2.0 | Australia, cancer centers of public hospitals | Propensity matched study + qualitative semi-structured interviews | Any solid tumor | Any | Distress Thermometer, ESAS, and SCNS-ST9 | Monthly until voluntary withdrawal or death | Self-management | Alerts, summary reports, and recommended actions | |
PainCheck | UK, outpatient oncology and palliative care clinics | RCT + qualitative semi-structured interviews | Any | Palliative care | BPI and Coping Strategies Questionnaire | Daily for 14 weeks (up to 14 days after their 12-week follow-up assessment) | Self-management, score history, and system message | Alerts, summary reports, and communication | |
NR | Denmark, hematological outpatient clinic at a university hospital | Qualitative ethnography | Hematologic | Follow-up | EORTC QLQ-C30 and OEQ | Every outpatient visit for 2 years | NR | Summary reports | |
Hauth 2019 [37] | PROMetheus | Germany, outpatient oncology clinic | Single-arm intervention | Any | Active treatment | CTCAE | Weekly (duration not specified) | NR | Summary reports |
NR | Canada, outpatient oncology clinics located within regional cancer centers | Observational cohort + qualitative focus groups | Any | Any | ESASr, BPI, Cancer Fatigue Scale, GAD-7, SDI-21, PHQ-9, and quality of life (1-item) | Every outpatient visit (duration not specified) | NR | Summary reports | |
Kneuertz 2020 [59] | SeamlessMD App | USA | Single-arm intervention | Lung | Post-op | Pain, anxiety, and mood | Daily for 1 month | Self-management, score history, communication, and general education | Summary reports |
Li 2016 [60] | DART | Canada, outpatient clinics located within a cancer center | Descriptive case report | Any | Any | ESAS-r, ECOG, PHQ-9, GAD-7, SDI-21, Canadian Problem Checklist | Every outpatient visit (duration not specified) | NR | Summary reports |
Maguire 2015 [39] | ASyMS | UK | Single-arm intervention + qualitative semi-structured interviews | Lung | Active treatment and follow-up | Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form, Rotterdam Symptom Checklist-Activity Subscale | Daily for up to 1 month after treatment completion | Self-management | Alerts and summary reports |
Maguire 2020 [38] | AsyMSmeso | UK | Single-arm intervention + qualitative focus groups and semi-structured interviews | Malignant pleural mesothelioma | Any | Symptoms include breathlessness, pain, fatigue, appetite, constipation, cough, and sweating | Daily for 2 months | Self-management and score history | Alerts and summary reports |
ASyMS | Austria, Greece, Norway, Ireland, and UK cancer centers | RCT | Breast, colorectal, and lymphoma | Active treatment | CTAQ | Daily for up to a maximum of 6 cycles of chemotherapy | Self-management, score history, and circle of care | Alerts, summary reports, recommended actions | |
Mark 2008 [66] | PACE system and Patient Care Monitor | USA, outpatient community oncology clinics | Qualitative study | Any | Active treatment and follow-up | General physical symptoms, treatment side effects, acute distress, despair, impaired ambulation, impaired performance, and quality of life | Every outpatient visit (duration not specified) | General education | Summary reports |
Mouillet 2021 [41] | REMOQOL and CHES software | France, university hospital | Single-arm intervention | Breast, colorectal, and lung | Active treatment | Q-5D 3L, and cancer-specific versions of the EORTC | Every outpatient visit for 4 months | NR | Summary reports |
Naughton 2020 [55] | NR | USA, outpatient oncology clinics located within a university cancer center | Single-arm intervention | Gynecologic and breast | Active treatment | Includes pain, fatigue, sleep quality, quality of life, and PHQ9 | Monthly for 12 months or until the end of active therapy, entry into hospice, or when the patient or physician requests to stop the surveys | NR | Alerts |
Riis 2021 [42] | SurveyXact software | Denmark, outpatient oncology clinic located within a university hospital | RCT + qualitative focus groups | Breast | Follow-up | EORTC QLQ C30 and QLQ-BR23 | Quarterly for 2 years | Communication | Summary reports |
iPROMOS | Australia, outpatient oncology clinics located within a tertiary teaching/ quaternary referral hospital | Cluster stepped-wedge trial + qualitative field notes, case report forms, memos, and survey questions | Any | Active treatment and follow-up | CTCAE | Every outpatient visit (duration not specified) | Score history | Summary reports | |
Rotenstein 2017 [61] | Tonic software | USA, outpatient oncology clinics | Descriptive case report | Gastrointestinal, gynecologic, genitourinary, breast, brain, and head and neck | Active treatment | FACT-G, PROMIS-10, Bladder Cancer Index, EPIC-26, and disease specific versions of the FACT, EORTC, and MDASI | Every outpatient visit (duration not specified) | NR | Summary reports |
Strachna 2021 [53] | Head and Neck PROs Oncology Platform | USA, outpatient oncology clinics located within a regional cancer centres | Case report | Head and neck | Any | FACE-Q Head and Neck Cancer Module, Neck Dissection Impairment Index, Skindex-16, Skull Based Inventory, and pain scale | Every outpatient visit (duration not specified) | NR | Summary reports |
Sundberg 2017 [43] | Interaktor | Sweden, university hospitals | Non-randomized, historically controlled study | Prostate | Active treatment and follow-up | Symptoms based on the memorial symptom assessment scale including, bladder and bowel function, fatigue, pain, anxiety, distress, sleep, and flushing | Daily for 8–11 weeks | Self-management and score history | Alerts |
Taarnhoj 2020 [44] | e-Boks system and AmuFlex software | Denmark, outpatient oncology clinics located within university hospitals | Single-arm intervention | Bladder | Active treatment | EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BLM30, HADS, and CTCAE | Weekly until treatment completion | NR | Summary reports |
NR | Denmark, outpatient clinics located within a university hospital | RCT + qualitative focus groups and interviews | Melanoma | Active treatment | PRO-CTCAE | Weekly for 24 weeks | System message | Summary report | |
van der Hout 2020 [46] | OncoKompas | Netherlands, hospital setting | RCT | Head and neck, colorectal, breast, and lymphoma | Follow-up | EORTC | Frequency and duration not specified (patients could use the system on a voluntary basis) | Self-management | NR |
van Eenbergen 2019 [47] | BijKanker | Netherlands, hospital setting | Single-arm intervention | Any | Active treatment | Nurse Problem Analysis | Weekly until treatment completion | Self-management, score history, and communication | Summary reports |
Wagner 2015 [58] | Assessment Center software | USA, outpatient oncology clinic located with a cancer center | Single-arm intervention | Gynecologic | Any | PROMIS, Distress Thermometer, Problem Checklist, Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment | Every outpatient visit (duration not specified) | NR | Alerts, summary reports, and communication |
Patient Viewpoint | USA, outpatient oncology clinic located with a cancer center | Single-arm intervention | Breast and prostate | Active treatment | PROMIS, EORTC QLQ C30 and QLQ-BR23, EPIC, and SCNS | Every 2 weeks (duration not specified) | NR | Summary reports and recommended actions | |
Zebralla 2020 [48] | OncoFunction | Germany, outpatient clinic | Single-arm intervention + qualitative interviews | Head and neck | Follow-up | Visual analogue (pain), EAT10, PHQ-9, GAD-2, EORTC QLQ C30 | Every outpatient follow-up visit until discharged by oncology team | NR | Summary reports |
Zylla 2020 [65] | NR | USA, urban community cancer center | Single-arm intervention | Any non-hematologic cancers | Active treatment | Patient-reported symptom monitoring tool | Every 2 weeks for 12 weeks | NR | Summary reports |