Table 1 Secondary outcome measures
Care aide outcomes: Collected at baseline and end of study, as part of the TREC care aide survey | Burnout, using the Maslach Burnout Inventory [83], for which adequate reliability (Estabrooks CA, Squires JE, Hayduk L, Morgan D, Cummings GG, Ginsburg L, et al: Does context matter? The influence of organizational context on best practice use by healthcare aides in residential long-term care settings, submitted) and validity are established (Estabrooks CA, Squires JE, Hayduk L, Morgan D, Cummings GG, Ginsburg L, et al: Does context matter? The influence of organizational context on best practice use by healthcare aides in residential long-term care settings, submitted) [84, 85]; Work engagement [88]; Psychological empowerment, [89]; Organizational citizenship behaviors directed at the organization [90] | The work engagement, psychological empowerment, and organizational citizenship behaviour measures were adapted and validated for use with the care aide population [91] |
Resident outcomes: All obtained from quarterly RAI-MDS 2.0 reports [92] included | (1) Physical functioning (Activities of Living—Hierarchy [ADL-H] scale score [93] (2) Responsive behaviours (Aggressive Behavior Scale [ABS] score of 2+) [94] (3) A pain score based on observable indicators of pain, which was developed and validated by TREC researchers to overcome the issue of under-detection of pain in residents with dementia [95, 96]. | |
Implementation fidelity: measured at the level of the SCOPE team | Fidelity enactment (intervention participants actual performance of intervention skills/implementation of the core intervention components in the intended situation) was assessed on a four-point scale by a panel of investigators at the final celebration learning congress. The panel rated each team’s actual implementation of SCOPE activities: defining aims, generating change ideas, using PDSA cycles and measurement to test changes, modifying unsuccessful changes, spreading successful changes to residents and staff across the unit. The single-item global fidelity enactment measure was developed in a previous study [97] and adapted for use in the SCOPE pilot study [49, 98] | |