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Table 4 Inclusion and operationalization of Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) elements across all articles included in review by dimension and evaluation criteria: 2008–2020

From: A citation analysis and scoping systematic review of the operationalization of the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM)

PRISM elements

Average inclusion, n

Operationalization of elements, n

Perspectives on program/intervention

 Organizational perspective (n=22)

  • Readiness

12

Qualitative: 11

Quantitative 3

Mixed methods: 4

Multi-methods: 3

Narrative: 1

  • Strength of the evidence base

8

  • Addresses barriers of frontline staff

16

  • Coordination across departments and specialties

9

  • Burden (complexity and cost)

11

  • Usability and adaptability

10

  • Trialability and reversibility

0

  • Ability to observe results

9

 Patient perspective (n=15)

  • Patient centeredness

6

Qualitative: 6

Quantitative 2

Mixed methods: 2

Multi-methods: 4

Narrative: 1

  • Provides patient choices

2

  • Addresses patient barriers

6

  • Seamlessness of transition between program elements

2

  • Service and access

6

  • Burden (complexity and cost)

5

  • Feedback of results

4

Recipients

 Organizational characteristics (n=18)

  • Organizational health and culture

8

Qualitative: 10

Quantitative 3

Mixed methods: 2

Multi-methods: 2

Narrative: 1

  • Management support and communication

9

  • Shared goals and cooperation

9

  • Clinical leadership

4

  • Systems and training

8

  • Data and decision support

4

  • Staffing and incentives

6

  • Expectation of sustainability

5

 Patient characteristics (n=16)

  • Demographics

12

Qualitative: 5

Quantitative 5

Mixed methods: 3

Multi-methods: 2

Narrative: 1

  • Disease burden

10

  • Competing demands

5

  • Knowledge and beliefs

5

Implementation and sustainability infrastructure (n=21)

 • Performance data

13

Qualitative: 11

Quantitative 2

Mixed methods: 4

Multi-methods: 3

Narrative: 1

 • Dedicated team

11

 • Adopter training and support

12

 • Relationship and communication with adopters (bridge researchers)

3

 • Adaptable protocols and procedures

11

 • Facilitation of sharing of best practices

6

 • Plan for sustainability

8

External environment (n=19)

 • Payor satisfaction

4

Qualitative: 13

Quantitative 2

Mixed methods: 1

Multi-methods: 2

Narrative: 1

 • Competition

3

 • Regulatory environment

8

 • Reimbursement

6

 • Community resources

9