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Table 3 Outcome measures and type of impact reported in included studies

From: Trends in guideline implementation: an updated scoping review

Target group

Outcome measures

Type of impact reported in included studies (n, %) References

Total studies (n, %)

Positive (all reported outcomes improved)

Mixed (some reported outcomes improved)

No change (no outcomes improved)

Patient/family

Patient outcomes (e.g., reduced cholesterol)

3, 2.5% [57, 66, 99]

---

---

3, 2.5%

Behavior (e.g., medication adherence)

2, 1.7% [75, 102]

---

1, 0.8% [69]

3, 2.5%

Multiple outcomes

1, 0.8% [147]

1, 0.8% [130]

1, 0.8% [116]

3, 2.5%

Healthcare professional

Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs

3, 2.5% [81, 126, 137]

1, 0.8% [145]

 

4, 3.4%

Behavior (e.g., medication prescribing)

35, 29.7% [42, 46, 48,49,50,51, 54, 55, 59, 63, 71, 80, 82, 100, 103, 108,109,110, 112, 113, 115, 119, 125, 127, 128, 132, 133, 136, 138, 140, 144, 146, 153, 154, 157]

13, 11% [45, 53, 77, 79, 86, 94, 97, 105, 107, 124, 129, 134, 150]

12, 10.2% [47, 58, 65, 67, 91,92,93, 96, 101, 114, 118, 151]

60, 50.8%

Institutional/health system outcomes (e.g., reduced mortality or length of hospital stay)

---

---

1, 0.8% [84]

1, 0.8%

Multiple outcomes

12, 10.2% [56, 61, 62, 73, 74, 117, 121, 135, 139, 148, 149, 159]

2, 1.7% [44, 52]

1, 0.8% [88]

15, 12.7%

Both patient/family and healthcare professionals

Multiple outcomes

10, 8.5% [76, 78, 83, 87, 120, 122, 131, 141, 142, 158]

14, 11.9% [43, 60, 64, 68, 70, 72, 85, 90, 98, 104, 111, 152, 155, 156]

5, 4.2% [89, 95, 106, 123, 143]

29, 24.6%

Total

66, 55.9%

31, 26.3%

21, 17.8%

118, 100%