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Table 3 Characteristics of studies included in the review

From: Barriers and facilitators of implementing interventions to improve appropriate antibiotic use in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research

 

Number of studies

Percentage

Summary by study region

 Sub-Saharan Africa

17

33%

 East Asia & Pacific

16

31%

 Europe & Central Asia

3

6%

 Latin America & the Caribbean

1

2%

 Middle East & North Africa

5

10%

 South Asia

11

21%

Summary by study settings

 Primary care facilities

13

25%

 Secondary hospitals

4

8%

 Tertiary hospitals

39

75%

 Community

4

8%

Summary by intervention population

 Physicians only

25

48%

 Multiple providers

22

42%

 Users only

2

4%

 Providers and users

3

6%

Summary by intervention functions in the Behavior Change Wheel

 Education

27

52%

 Enablement

35

67%

 Training

16

31%

 Environment restructuring

12

23%

 Persuasion

4

8%

 Restriction

31

60%

 Modeling

1

2%

Summary by the number of intervention functions in the Behavior Change Wheel

 Single component

11

21%

 Two components

15

29%

 Three components

18

35%

 Multiple components

8

15%

Summary by study design

 Cross-sectional

15

29%

 Pre-post

17

33%

 Quasi experimental

1

2%

 Randomized control trial

1

2%

 Mixed-methods

7

13%

 Case-control

1

2%

 Case study

1

2%

 Narrative description

2

4%