Skip to main content

Table 2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

From: Barriers and facilitators of implementing interventions to improve appropriate antibiotic use in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research

Inclusion criteria

• The population of the study should be healthcare providers who are qualified to prescribe antibiotics and users of antibiotics

• The aim of the intervention is to improve appropriate prescription of antibiotics by healthcare providers or rational use of antibiotics among the consumers. Interventions should include at least one of the intervention functions in the behavior change wheel.

• Studies describing the designing, implementation, or evaluation (including outcome evaluation, process evaluation, and barriers analysis) of a behavior change intervention

• Limit to studies that were conducted in LMICs

• No restrictions in publication year

• Limit to human research

• Studies that reported implementation facilitators and barriers from primary data collection or based on authors’ own reflections after implementing behavior change interventions

Exclusion criteria

• Editorials, commentary pieces, and systematic reviews

• Animal studies

• Studies that assess compliance to existing guidelines

• Interventions targeting medical students

• Study protocols and studies in which implementation facilitators and barriers were not reported.

• Articles not in English or Chinese