Table 1 Policymaker implementation strategies by expert recommendations for implementing change cluster and Implementation phase

Develop stakeholder interrelationships (n=11 strategies)

• Promote network weaving

• Use advisory boards and workgroups (n=2)^a

• Promote network weaving

• “Visit” other sites

• Identify and prepare champions

• Promote network weaving

• Identify early adopters

• Capture and share local knowledge

• Build a coalition

• Work with educational institutions

Utilize financial strategies (n=9 strategies)

• N/A

• Fund and contract and/or negotiate with vendors for the clinical innovation

• Access new funding

• Alter incentive/ allowance structures (n=3)^a

• Place innovation on FFS/formularies

• Make billing easier

• Alter patient/ consumer fees

• Alter incentive/ allowance structures

Use evaluative and iterative strategies (n=7 strategies)

• Conduct local needs assessment

• Assess for readiness and identify barriers and facilitators

• Develop a formal implementation blueprint

• Obtain and use patient/consumer and family feedback

• Stage implementation scale up

• Develop and organize quality monitoring systems

• Purposively reexamine the implementation

Train and educate stakeholders (n=5 strategies)

• N/A

• N/A

• Conduct educational meetings

• Develop educational materials (n=2)^a

• Conduct educational outreach visits

• Distribute educational materials

• N/A

Provide interactive assistance (n=5 strategies)

• Centralize technical assistance

• Centralize technical assistance

• Provide local technical assistance

• Centralize technical assistance (n = 2)^a

• N/A

Change infrastructure (n=3 strategies)

• Change credentialing and/or licensing standards

• Crosswalk EBP/innovation with existing service environment (new)

• Change credentialing and/or licensing standards

• N/A

Adapt and tailor to context (n=1 strategies)

• N/A

• N/A

• N/A

• Use data experts

Support clinicians (n=1 strategies)

• N/A

• N/A

• Develop resource sharing agreements

• N/A