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Table 1 Facilitation categories used to overcome common implementation barriers in community pharmacy

From: Data-driven approach for tailoring facilitation strategies to overcome implementation barriers in community pharmacy

Most common barriers to implementing professional services in community pharmacy^

Strategy categories* used by change facilitators to overcome implementation barriers

The predictive resolution percentage of the strategy category resolving the barrier (PRP)a

An inability to plan for change (n=184)

Engage stakeholders by creating ownership of the change

84%

Equip stakeholders with training

83%

Adapt area of focus to meet change needs

81%

A lack of internal supporters of the change (n=128)

Engage stakeholders by creating ownership of the change

78%

Empower stakeholders to develop objectives and solve problems

73%

Create buy-in of the change amongst stakeholders

58%

A lack of knowledge and experience related to the change (n=84)

Create a collaborative environment conducive of change

99%

Equip stakeholders with training

93%

A lack of monitoring and feedback of the change (n=61)

Feedback implementation progress

99%

Ensure continuous monitoring of implementation measures

68%

A lack of individual alignment with the change (n=49)

Encourage participation and facilitate discussions amongst stakeholders

99%

Empower stakeholders to develop objectives and solve problems

83%

Create buy-in of the change amongst stakeholders

83%

Undefined change objectives and lack of objective feedback (n=46)

Engage stakeholders by creating ownership of the change

82%

Empower stakeholders to develop objectives and solve problems

81%

Communicate the change to stakeholders

63%

A lack of time (n=43)

Adapt area of focus to meet change needs

79%

Empower stakeholders to develop objectives and solve problems

62%

  1. ^A total of 1131 barriers were identified across the 19 pharmacies throughout the 2-year period
  2. *The strategy categories were adapted from the taxonomy of facilitation strategies by Dogherty et al.
  3. 111 facilitation strategies were coded into 16 facilitation categories; the strategies within each of the above-mentioned categories can be found in Table 2
  4. aPredictive resolution percentage is based on a data-driven approach named decision forest which used data collected by change facilitators indicating whether each strategy resolved the barrier or not