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Table 1 Summary of the evaluation aspect data collection methods based on the conceptual framework guided by Hasson [15] and Grant et al. [23]

From: Implementation fidelity of the Systems for Person-Centered Elder Care (SPEC): a process evaluation study

Theoretical elements (area to measure)

Research questions

Data source and data collection methods

LB

ICT

SQ

SSQ

FGI

Evaluation of adherence

 Content

- Was each of the intervention components implemented as planned?

x

x

x

  

 Frequency/duration (dosage, dose delivery)

- Were the intervention components implemented as often and for as long as planned?

x

x

x

  

 Coverage (reach)

- What proportion of the target group participated in the interventions?

x

x

x

  

Potential moderating factors

 Participant responsiveness

  Clusters

- How was the intervention adopted by cluster?

- Why did clusters agree to participate or not?

x

    

  Individuals

- How were the participants engaged with the interventions?

- How satisfied were the participants with the interventions?

- What were the barriers and facilitators to implement the interventions?

x

 

x

x

x

  Intervention complexity

- How complex was the intervention?

- How specific was the intervention description?

x

 

x

x

x

  Strategies to facilitate implementation

- What strategies were used to support implementation?

- How were these strategies perceived by staff involved in the interventions?

x

  

x

x

  Quality of delivery

- How was the quality of delivering the intervention components?

x

 

x

x

x

 Recruitment

  Recruitment of clusters

- How were clusters sampled and recruited?

x

    

  Recruitment and reach-in of individuals

- What recruitment procedures were used to attract individuals to intervention?

- What constituted barriers to maintaining involvement of individuals?

x

x

x

x

x

  Context

- What factors at political, economic, organizational, and work focus group levels affected the implementation?

x

 

x

x

x

  1. LB, SPEC consultant’s logbooks; ICT, SPEC ICT system; SQ, standardized questionnaire items from on-site SPEC coordinators; SSQ, semi-structured questionnaire from on-site SPEC coordinators; FGI, focus group interviews with interdisciplinary team of each participating NH