Primary outcomes | |
Use of appropriate reproductive method to achieve stated reproductive goal (among whole sample) | Client’s self-reported use of accurate SCM (if trying to conceive) or modern contraceptives (if not trying to conceive), as defined below. |
Accurate use of safer conception methods (among those trying to conceive) | Interviewer-rated criterion-based assessment of client’s self-reported use of timed condomless intercourse (TCI), manual self-insemination (MSI), or sperm washing. |
Use of modern contraceptives (among those not trying to conceive) | Client’s self-reported use of modern contraceptives (birth control pills, medroxyprogesterone acetate injection, intrauterine device, implant, or tubal ligation/vasectomy). |
Secondary outcomes | |
Any use of SCM (among those trying to conceive) | Client’s self-reported use of the following: TCI: Did you have condomless or “live” sex only on the 3 days each month in which you/your partner were/was most fertile? Sperm washing: Did you/your partner pay for technology that cleanses your/your partner’s sperm or semen of the HIV virus? MSI (among female clients): Did you/your partner ejaculate into a condom or container and then manually inject the semen into your/partner’s vagina? |
Use of any method to prevent pregnancy (among those not trying to conceive) | Use of modern contraceptives, consistent condom use, or abstinence. |
Pregnancy status | Whether or not female partner become pregnant during the study, confirmed via pregnancy test conducted by FP nurse. |
Partner seroconversion | Partner HIV status based on rapid HIV test conducted by clinic staff at month 12 or at post-pregnancy assessment. |
Covariates | |
Demographics | Age, sex, and education level (whether or not any secondary education was completed) as self-reported by client. |
HIV medical and care characteristics | HIV diagnosis date, ART status, most recent CD4 count and HIV viral load were abstracted from the clients’ clinic chart. |
Relationship/partner characteristics | Marital status, length of relationship, co-habitation with partner, partner’s age, and whether partner was using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), all assessed via client self-report. |
Reproductive health history and behaviors | History of respondent or partner having biological children, having a child together, having been tested for infertility, or a health care provider ever telling them they may have fertility problems, and whether either had been diagnosed or (and treated for) a sexually transmitted infection in the prior 6 months, via client self-report. |