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Table 3 CFIR domains and constructs [2]

From: Evaluating and optimizing the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR) for use in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Domain 1: Characteristics of the Intervention

 • Intervention source: Perception about whether intervention is externally or internally developed

 • Evidence Strength and Quality: Perception of the quality and validity of evidence supporting the belief that the intervention will have desired outcomes

 • Relative Advantage: Perception of the advantage of implementing the intervention versus an alternative solution

 • Adaptability: Degree to which an intervention can be tailored to meet the needs of an organization

 • Trialability: Ability to test the intervention on a small scale, and to reverse course if warranted

 • Complexity: Perceived difficulty of implementation

 • Design Quality and Packaging: Perceived excellence in how the intervention is bundled and presented

 • Cost: Cost of the intervention and costs associated with implementing the intervention

Domain 2: Outer Setting

 • Patient Needs and Resources: Extent to which patient needs are accurately known and prioritized by the organization

 • Cosmopolitanism: Level of connectedness and networks with other organizations

 • Peer Pressure: Competitive pressure to implement an intervention

 • External Policy and Incentives: external strategies to spread interventions, including policy and regulations, mandates, recommendations and guidelines, etc.

Domain 3: Inner Setting

 • Structural characteristics: Age, maturity, or size of the organization

 • Networks and Communication: Nature and quality of webs of social networks and the nature and quality of formal and informal communications within an organization

• Culture: Norms, values, and basic assumptions of a given organization

 • Implementation climate: Relative priority of implementing the current intervention versus other competing priorities

 • Readiness for Implementation: Access to resources, knowledge, and information about the intervention

Domain 4: Individuals involved in implementation

 • Knowledge and Beliefs about Intervention: Individual staff knowledge and attitude towards the intervention

 • Self-efficacy: An individual’s belief in their capabilities to execute the implementation

 • Individual State of Change: Phase an individual is in as he or she progresses toward skilled, enthusiastic, and sustained use of the intervention

 • Individual Identification with Organization: Individuals’ perception of the organization and their relationship and degree of commitment to the organization

 • Other Personal Attributes: Personal traits such as tolerance of ambiguity, intellectual ability, motivation, etc.

Domain 5: Process of implementation

 • Planning: Planning for the implementation

 • Engaging: Engaging individuals in implementation processes

 • Executing: Executing the implementation plan

 • Reflecting and Evaluating: Reflecting and evaluating the progress of implementation