Table 4 Themes coded to each of the TDF domains within the motivation component of the COM-B system

Beliefs about capabilities

Beliefs about the ability to deliver SBI and in helping patients to cut down

UK(11); Australia(5); Multicountry(5); Finland(3); Sweden(3); USA(3); Canada(2); Denmark(1); New Zealand(2); Netherlands(1); South Africa(1); Spain(1); Sri Lanka(1)

[20, 36, 37, 40, 41, 44,45,46,47,48, 50, 52, 53, 55, 59,60,61,62, 64, 65, 67, 72, 75, 78, 81, 84, 85, 97, 101, 104,105,106,107,108,109, 111, 116]

[48, 49, 71, 78, 100]

Time

Sweden(7); Australia(5); UK(5); USA(4); Finland(2); Norway(2); Canada(1); Denmark(1); Multicountry(1); Netherlands(1); New Zealand(1); Portugal(1); Slovenia(1); Sri Lanka(1)

[16, 20, 37, 41, 48, 49, 52, 54, 58, 62, 63, 65, 67, 70, 72,73,74, 87, 91, 92, 95, 97, 99, 105,106,107, 109, 111]

[39, 43, 70, 71, 80, 92, 93, 97]

Difficult task

UK(8); Australia(3); Canada(3); Finland(3); Norway(3); Multicountry(2); Sweden(2); Brazil(1); Denmark(1); Netherlands(1); New Zealand(1); Portugal(1); South Africa(1); Sri Lanka(1)

[16, 23, 37, 41, 42, 49, 54, 59,60,61,62, 67, 68, 73, 78, 83, 86, 90, 92, 97, 99, 102, 105, 107, 109, 113]

[39, 41, 58, 62, 71, 86, 87, 97, 99, 105, 109]

Therapeutic commitment

Multicountry(4); Netherlands(1)

[45,46,47, 50, 81]

Self-esteem when working with at-risk drinkers

UK(3); Portugal(1); Sweden(1)

[16, 20, 23, 78]

[71]

Disease model training

Finland(1)

[41]

Patients’ misbeliefs about alcohol

UK(1)

[105]

Demographical characteristics of the patient

New Zealand(1)

[97]

Beliefs about consequences

Effectiveness of SBI

UK(6); Finland(3); Sweden(3); Australia(2); Multicountry(2); Norway(2); Canada(1); Denmark(1); Italy(1); Netherlands(1); New Zealand(1); South Africa(1); Spain(1)

[20, 23, 36, 38, 42, 45, 49, 55, 57, 64, 70, 73, 78, 83, 84, 86, 91, 106, 107, 110]

[23, 36, 39, 47, 71, 78, 84, 87, 92, 109]

Patients’ feelings when asked about their drinking

Norway(3); UK(3); Finland(2); Multicountry(2); USA(2); Australia(1); Brazil(1); France(1); New Zealand(1); Slovenia(1); Sweden(1)

[20, 23, 41, 42, 47, 56, 71, 78, 84, 87, 92, 93, 97, 99, 103, 113, 115]

[58, 93]

Therapeutic relation with the patient

Sweden(3); UK(2); Canada(1); Denmark(1); Finland(1); France(1); New Zealand(1); Norway(1); Slovenia(1); USA(1)

[37, 48, 49, 56, 72, 74, 91, 97, 99, 103, 109, 115]

[49, 74, 84, 99]

Reliability of the answers of the patients when asked about alcohol

Finland(2); Denmark(1); Multicountry (1); New Zealand(1); Norway(1); Sri Lanka(1); Sweden(1); UK(1)

[37, 42, 48, 49, 67, 89, 92, 97, 99]

Patients’ reactions when asked about alcohol

Sweden(3); UK(3); Australia(1); Denmark(1); Finland(1); Multicountry(1)

[70, 73, 84, 89, 92, 95, 102]

[41, 48, 49]

Patients’ receptiveness to alcohol interventions

Finland(2); USA(2); Australia(1); New Zealand(1); Norway(1); Slovenia(1); Sweden(1); UK(1)

[36, 42, 63, 65, 73, 103, 105]

[58, 87, 97]

Frustrating task

UK(3); Canada(1); Portugal(1); Sweden(1)

[16, 57, 62, 77, 109]

[48]

Alcohol being perceived as having health benefits

Finland(1); Sweden(1); UK(1)

[20, 42, 78]

Incentives

UK(3); Australia(1); Finland(1); Multicountry(1); Netherlands(1); Slovenia(1); Sweden(1)

[95, 107]

[20, 23, 36, 39, 78, 80, 92]

Time

Sweden(2); Australia(1); Finland(1); Multicountry(1); Netherlands(1); New Zealand(1); Slovenia(1); UK(1); USA(1)

[37, 48]

[39, 43, 70, 71, 80, 92, 93, 97]

Delivering SBI can make other patients suffer

Sweden(1); UK(1)

[73, 95]

Bad publicity

UK(1)

[95]

Demographical characteristics of the patient

UK(1)

[89]

SBI delivery impedes caring for other patients

Finland(1)

[38]

Uncomfortable task

Australia(1); Netherlands(1)

[107]

[39]

Patients with alcohol problems do not attend their appointments

New Zealand(1)

[97]

Social/professional role and identity

Role legitimacy

UK(7); Finland(5); Sweden(3); Canada(2); New Zealand(2); Australia(1); Denmark(1); Norway(1); Portugal(1); Slovenia(1); South Africa(1); Spain(1)

[16, 23, 36,37,38, 44, 49, 52, 55, 57, 62, 64, 72,73,74,75, 78, 83, 89, 97, 99, 102, 105, 108, 109]

Professional responsibility

UK(7); Sweden(3); Finland(2); New Zealand(2); Australia(1); Multicountry(1); South Africa(1); Sri Lanka(1); USA(1)

[23, 37, 38, 47, 55, 59,60,61,62, 65, 67, 72,73,74, 78, 83, 97, 105, 107]

Disease model training

UK(4); Sweden(3); Finland(2); Australia(1); Multicountry(1); Norway(1); South Africa(1); Sri Lanka(1)

[23, 41, 42, 47, 58, 61, 67, 72,73,74, 78, 83, 88, 99]

Doctors and nurses own drinking habits

UK(4); Canada(1); Multicountry(1); Norway(1); Slovenia(1); Sweden(1)

[23, 47, 74, 77, 78, 87, 89, 98, 103]

Doctors’ and nurses’ permissiveness towards alcohol

UK(2); Finland(1); Multicountry(1); Sweden(1); USA(1)

[20, 23, 38, 47, 89, 115]

Role security

Multicountry(4); Netherlands(1)

[45,46,47, 50, 81]

Doctors’ and nurses’ attitudes towards discussing alcohol with patients

Finland(2); Denmark(1)

[36, 37, 49]

Patients’ feelings when asked about their drinking

Finland(2); Australia(1); USA(1)

[41, 42, 93]

Demographical characteristics of the PHC professionals

Australia(1); Canada(1)

[107, 109]

Demographical characteristics of the patient

UK(1)

[89]

Therapeutic relation with the patient

Denmark(1); Finland(1); Norway(1); Sweden(1); UK(1)

[38]

[49, 74, 84, 99]

Feedback on the results of delivering SBI

UK(2); Finland(1)

[42]

[71, 109]

Emotion

Uncomfortable task

UK(5); Finland(2); USA(2); Canada(1); France(1); Multicountry(1); Netherlands(1); New Zealand(1); Norway(1); South Africa(1); Sweden(1)

[23, 37, 41, 47, 54, 56, 77, 78, 83, 89, 91, 97, 99, 109, 115, 116]

[39]

Satisfaction when working with at-risk drinkers

UK(8); Sweden(2); Canada(1); Portugal(1); Spain(1); Sri Lanka(1)

[16, 20, 23, 44, 57, 59,60,61,62, 67, 73, 78, 94, 108]

Patients’ feelings when asked about their drinking

Norway(3); USA(2); Australia(1); New Zealand(1); UK(1);

[71, 86, 87, 97, 99, 115]

[58, 93]

Frustrating task

UK(3); Canada(1); Portugal(1); Sweden(1)

[16, 57, 62, 77, 109]

[48]

Therapeutic commitment

Multicountry(4); Netherlands(1)

[45,46,47, 50, 81]

Self-esteem when working with at-risk drinkers

UK(2); Canada(1)

[62, 108]

[71]

Doctors and nurses own drinking habits

UK(2)

[77, 89]

Motivation to work with at-risk drinkers

UK(3); Multicountry(1); Netherlands(1); Norway(1); Sri Lanka(1); Sweden(1)

[105]

[39, 47, 48, 59, 60, 67, 99]

Intentions

Motivation to work with at-risk drinkers

UK(9); Sweden(3); Australia(2); Spain(2); Canada(1); Multicountry(1); Netherlands(1); Portugal(1); Sri Lanka(1); USA(1)

[16, 20, 23, 44, 57, 62, 64,65,66, 78, 94, 95, 105, 107, 108]

[39, 47, 48, 59, 60, 67, 99]

Therapeutic commitment

Multicountry(4); Netherlands(1)

[45,46,47, 50, 81]

Reinforcement

Incentives for delivering SBI

UK(3); Australia(2); Multicountry(2); Slovenia(2); Finland(1); Netherlands(1); Norway(1); Portugal(1); South Africa(1); Sweden(1)

[16, 23, 47, 78, 83, 92, 95, 99, 103, 106, 107]

[20, 23, 36, 39, 78, 80, 92]

Goals

Importance/priority given to alcohol issues

UK(4); Sweden(3); Multicountry(2); Norway(2); Finland(1); USA(1)

[20, 23, 41, 47, 48, 65, 71, 74, 78, 88, 92, 105]

[99]

Time

UK(4); Australia(2); Multicountry(2); Netherlands(1); New Zealand(1); Slovenia(1); South Africa(1); Sweden(1); USA(1)

[23, 47, 78, 83, 92, 105, 106]

[39, 43, 70, 71, 80, 92, 93, 97]

Optimism

Beliefs about the ability to deliver SBI and in helping patients to cut down

UK(3); Denmark(1), Multicountry(1); New Zealand(1); Norway(1); Sweden(1)

[55, 62, 92]

[48, 49, 71, 78, 100]