First author | Year | Country | Language | Study design | Study sample (n) | Methodological quality | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GP | Nurse | ||||||
Aalto [36] | 2001 | Finland | English | Cross-sectional | 84 | 167 | Good |
Aalto [38] | 2003 | Finland | English | Cross-sectional | 64 | Â | Good |
Aalto [37] | 2003a | Finland | English | Focus group | 18 | 19 | Good |
Abidi [39] | 2016 | Netherlands | English | Delphi | 37 | Â | Good |
Abouyanni [40] | 2000 | Australia | English | Cross-sectional | 416 | Â | Poor |
Aira [41] | 2003 | Finland | English | Semi-structured interviews | 35 | Â | Good |
Aira [42] | 2004 | Finland | English | Semi-structured interviews | 35 | Â | Good |
Ampt [43] | 2009 | Australia | English | Semi-structured interviews | 15 | 1 | Good |
Anderson [44] | 1985 | UK | English | Cross-sectional | 312 | Â | Good |
Anderson [46] | 2003 | Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, UK | English | Cross-sectional | 1300 | Â | Good |
Anderson [45] | 2004 | Australia, Belgium, Spain, UK | English | RCT | 277 | Â | Good |
Anderson [47] | 2014 | Czech Republic, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Slovenia, UK | English | Cross-sectional | 2345 | Â | Fair |
Arborelius [48] | 1995 | Sweden | English | Structured interviews | 13 | Â | Fair |
Beich [49] | 2002 | Denmark | English | Focus groups Individual interviews | 24 | Â | Fair |
Bendtsen [50] | 2015 | Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, UK | English | Cohort | 409 | 282 | Fair |
Berner [51] | 2007 | Germany | English | Cross-sectional | 58 | Â | Fair |
Brennan [52] | 2013 | Australia | English | Cross-sectional | 15 | Â | Poor |
Brotons [53] | 2005 | Croatia, Estonia, Georgia, Greece, Ireland, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden | English | Cross-sectional | 2082 | Â | Poor |
Carlfjord [54] | 2012 | Sweden | English | Focus groups | 9 | 12 | Good |
Casswell [55] | 1982 | New Zealand | English | Cross-sectional | 431 | Â | Fair |
Charrel [56] | 2010 | France | English | Cross-sectional | 300 | Â | Fair |
Clement [57] | 1986 | UK | English | Cross-sectional | 71 | Â | Good |
Clifford [58] | 2011 | Australia | English | Pre-post training surveys Focus groups | 3 | 3 | Good |
Deehan [60] | 1997 | UK | English | Cross-sectional | 81 | Â | Fair |
Deehan [61] | 1998 | UK | English | Cross-sectional | 2377 | Â | Poor |
Deehan [59] | 1999 | UK | English | Cross-sectional | 264 | 196 | Fair |
Farmer [62] | 2001 | UK | English | Semi-structured interviews Cross-sectional | 50 | Â | Poor |
Ferguson [63] | 2003 | USA | English | Cross-sectional | 40 | Â | Poor |
Fernández [64] | 1999 | Spain | Spanish | Cross-sectional | 227 |  | Fair |
Friedmann [65] | 2000 | USA | English | Cross-sectional | 243 | Â | Fair |
Fucito [66] | 2003 | Australia | English | Cross-sectional | 110 | Â | Good |
Geirsson [20] | 2005 | Sweden | English | Cross-sectional | 68 | 193 | Good |
Gurugama [67] | 2003 | Sri Lanka | English | Cross-sectional | 105 | Â | Good |
Haley [68] | 2000 | Canada | English | Cross-sectional | 805 | Â | Fair |
Harris [69] | 2005 | Australia | English | Pre-post questionnaire with no control group | 21 | Â | Poor |
Holmqvist [70] | 2008 | Sweden | English | Cross-sectional | 1790 | 2549 | Good |
Hutchings [71] | 2006 | UK | English | Focus groups | 18 | 15 | Good |
Johansson [73] | 2002 | Sweden | English | Cross-sectional | 65 | 141 | Good |
Johansson [72] | 2005 | Sweden | English | Focus groups | Â | 26 | Poor |
Johansson [74] | 2005a | Sweden | English | Focus groups | 13 | Â | Good |
Kaariainen [75] | 2001 | Finland | English | Cross-sectional | GP + nurse = 69 | Fair | |
Kaner [78] | 1999 | UK | English | Cross-sectional | 279 | Â | Good |
Kaner [79] | 2001 | Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, France, Hungary, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Thailand, UK | English | Cross-sectional | 2139 | Â | Good |
Kaner [76] | 2003 | UK | English | Cluster RCT | Â | 212 general practices | Fair |
Kaner [77] | 2006 | UK | English | Interviews | 29 | Â | Good |
Kersnik [80] | 2009 | Slovenia | English | Focus groups | 32 | Â | Good |
Keurhorst [81] | 2014 | Netherlands | English | Cluster RCT | 112 | Â | Fair |
Kolsek [82] | 2008 | Belgium, Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Russia, Slovenia | English | Delphi Focus groups | nr | nr | Fair |
Koopman [83] | 2008 | South Africa | English | Cross-sectional | 50 | Â | Fair |
Lacey [84] | 2009 | UK | English | Focus groups Semi-structured interviews Cross-sectional | Â | nr | Fair |
Lambe [85] | 2008 | UK | English | Cross-sectional Focus groups | Â | 53 | Good |
Lid [86] | 2012 | Norway | English | Focus groups | 13 | Â | Fair |
Lid [87] | 2015 | Norway | English | Focus groups | 19 | Â | Good |
Linke [88] | 2005 | UK | English | Focus groups | 10 | Â | Fair |
Lock [89] | 2002 | UK | English | Semi-structured interviews | Â | 24 | Good |
Maheux [90] | 1999 | Canada | English | Cross-sectional | 805 | Â | Fair |
May [91] | 2006 | UK | English | Semi-structured interviews | 43 | 1 | Good |
McAvoy [92] | 2001 | Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Hungary, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Russia | English | Semi-structured interviews | 126 | Â | Fair |
Miller [93] | 2006 | USA | English | Focus groups | nr | nr | Good |
Miner [94] | 1990 | Spain | Spanish | Cross-sectional | 83 | Â | Fair |
Mistral [95] | 2001 | UK | English | Cross-sectional Semi-structured interviews | 103 | Â | Poor |
Moretti-Pires [96] | 2011 | Brazil | Portuguese | Focus groups Semi-structured interviews | Â | 12 | Fair |
Mules [97] | 2012 | New Zealand | English | Semi-structured interviews | 19 | Â | Fair |
Nevin [98] | 2002 | Canada | English | Cross-sectional | 75 | Â | Fair |
Nygaard [100] | 2010 | Norway | English | Cross-sectional | 901 | Â | Good |
Nygaard [99] | 2011 | Norway | English | Focus groups | 40 | Â | Good |
Owens [101] | 2000 | UK | English | Cross-sectional | Â | 101 | Fair |
Payne [102] | 2005 | Australia | English | Cross-sectional | 170 | Â | Fair |
Poplas Susic [103] | 2010 | Slovenia | English | Focus groups | 32 | Â | Good |
Proude [104] | 2006 | Australia | English | Pre-post questionnaire with no control group | 300 | Â | Poor |
Rapley [105] | 2006 | UK | English | Semi-structured interviews | 43 | Â | Good |
Ribeiro [16] | 2011 | Portugal | Portuguese | Cross-sectional | 188 | Â | Fair |
Richmond [106] | 1998 | Australia | English | Post-intervention questionnaire with no control group | 272 | Â | Poor |
Roche [107] | 1991 | Australia | English | Focus groups | 44 | Â | Fair |
Rush [108] | 1994 | Canada | English | Cross-sectional | 1235 | Â | Good |
Rush [109] | 1995 | Canada | English | Focus groups Semi-structured interviews | 12 | Â | Good |
Segnan [110] | 1992 | Italy | English | Cross-sectional | 209 | Â | Fair |
Sharp [111] | 2011 | USA | English | Cross-sectional | 101 | Â | Good |
Slaunwhite [112] | 2015 | Canada | English | Cross-sectional | 67 | Â | Poor |
Souza [113] | 2012 | Brazil | Portuguese | Semi-structured interviews | Â | 8 | Fair |
Van Zyl [114] | 2013 | South Africa | English | Cross-sectional | 77 | Â | Fair |
Vandermause [115] | 2007 | USA | English | In-depth interviews | Â | 23 | Fair |
Vinson [116] | 2004 | USA | English | Cluster RCT | 44 | Â | Fair |
Wilson [23] | 2011 | UK | English | Cross-sectional | 282 | Â | Good |