Lomas [12]
|
Cluster RCT
|
Opinion leader education
| |
53.7*
| |
66.8*
|
Not reported
|
|
Audit and feedback
|
69.7*
|
66.8*
|
Althabe [13]
|
Cluster RCT
|
Mandatory second opinion
|
26.3
|
24.7
|
24.6
|
24.9
|
ARR −1.9 (−3.8 to −0.1)
|
Chaillet [14]
|
Cluster RCT
|
Audit and feedback
|
22.5
|
21.8
|
23.2
|
23.5
|
ARR −1.8 (−3.8 to −0.2)
|
RCT
|
8.5**
|
7.6**
|
8.5**
|
9.0**
|
ARR −1.7 (−3.0 to −0.3)
|
Mansoumi [15]
|
RCT
|
Antenatal education program for physiologic childbirth
| |
45.0
| |
43.7
|
RR 1.03 (0.72 to 1.49)
|
Bergstrom [16]
|
RCT
|
Antenatal education on natural childbirth preparation with training in breathing and relaxation techniques
| |
59.9*
| |
63.0*
|
RR 0.95 (0.58 to 1.56)
|
Fraser [17]
|
RCT
|
Individualized prenatal education and support program versus written information in pamphlet
| |
21.3
| |
23.7
|
RR 0.90 (0.74 to 1.11)
|
Montgomery [18]
|
RCT
|
Computer-based decision aids (information program, decision analysis)
| |
48.6*
| |
49.6*
|
RR 0.98 (0.82 to 1.18)
|
Shorten [19]
|
RCT
|
Decision aid booklet during antenatal care
| |
49.4*
| |
52.2*
|
Not reported
|
Bohren [11]
|
Meta-analysis
|
Companionship during labor
| |
12.3
| |
15.0
|
RR 0.75 (0.64 to 0.88)
|